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1 - Seed less fruits are produced by the process of
parthenocarpy
2 - Long periods of unfavourable conditions are survived by the embryo due to which characteristic
seed dormancy
3 - Germinating pollen grain is a rich source of
auxins
4 - Which chemical is responsible for fruit set
auxins
5 - Developing seeds are source of
All
6 - Pericarp is the wall of
fruit
7 - Burst of repsiratory activity in plants is known as
climacteric
8 - ATP required for 1 molecule of glucose formation:
18
9 - NADPH required for 1 molecule of glucose:
12
10 - Which of following enzymes are invloved in regeneration of RuBP:
All of these
11 - ATP required for regeneration of RuBP:
6
12 - First stable compound of calvin cycle is:
3 phosphoglycerate
13 - Calvin cycle is also called:
All of these
14 - The process of photorespiration, also known as :
C2 cycle
15 - The Calvin cycle is called:
C3 cycle
16 - The Calvin cycle was discovered in:
1950
17 - The Calvin cycle was discovered by:
Melvin Calvin
18 - Chytochrome a is complex of:
a and a3
19 - Cytchrome a is oxidized by:
Molecular oxygen
20 - Rate of electron transfer when proton motive force is high?
Slower
21 - Proportion of ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation?
0.6
22 - During cellular respiration, the carbon dioxide produced is:
Taken out
23 - The CH bond of food in cellular respiration is disintegrated through:
oxidation
24 - __is the incomplete oxidation of glucose into pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis
25 - Higher amount of ATP inhibits:
Phosphofractokinase
26 - For cellular respiration _is used as precursor.
Glucose
27 - Higher amount of NADH inhibits:
Pyruvate decarboxylase
28 - Electron transport system (ETS) is present in which of the following parts of mitochondria?
Inner membrane
29 - Which of the following is the first complex (Complex I) of ETS?
NADH dehydrogenase
30 - Which of the following is the Complex III of ETS?
Cytochrome bc1
31 - Cytochromes are present in:
cristae of mitochondria
32 - Coenzyme Q, also known as:
ubiquinone
33 - NaADH is oxidized by:
Coenzyme Q
34 - During oxidation of NADH by coenzyme Q _is released:
ATP
35 - Co enzyme Q is oxidized by:
Cytochrome b
36 - Cytochrome b is reduced by:
Co enzyme Q
37 - Cytochrmoe b is oxidized by:
Cytochrome c
38 - Each photosystem has light-harvesting complexes that contain_ chlorophylls.
300-400
39 - The reaction center of a photosystem contains a unique pair of chlorophyll a molecules, often called :
special pair
40 - The special pair of each photosystem passes electrons to a different :
primary acceptor
41 - The primary electron acceptor of PSII is:
pheophytin
42 - The primary electron acceptor of PSI is a chlorophyll called :
A0
43 - About _ of the oxygen is used by mitochondria in the leaf to support oxidative phosphorylation.
0.1
44 - When an electron leaves PSII, it is transferred first to a small organic molecule :
plastoquinone, Pq
45 - Once an electron has gone down the first leg of the electron transport chain, it arrives at:
PSI
46 - This process of making ATP using energy stored in a chemical gradient is called:
chemiosmosis
47 - light dependent reaction is sometimes called :
linear photophosphorylation
48 - The Calvin cycle was discovered in 1950 by using:
Radioactive isotope carbon-14
49 - In the first stage of the Calvin cycle, a CO2 molecule is incorporated into one of two three-carbon molecules called:
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or G3P
50 - The enzyme RuBisCO catalyses the_____ of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
carboxylation
51 - The product of the first step is ___that can capture CO2 and O2.
enediol-enzyme complex
52 - The enzyme __catalyses the phosphorylation of 3-PGA by ATP .
phosphoglycerate kinaseÂ
53 - The enzyme____ catalyses the reduction of 1,3BPGA by NADPH.
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
54 - Five G3P molecules produce three RuBP molecules, using up __molecules of ATP.
Three
55 - __converts all of the G3P reversibly into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP).
Triose phosphate isomerase
56 - ___ convert a G3P and a DHAP into fructose 6-phosphate (6C).
Aldolase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
57 - The immediate products of one turn of the Calvin cycle are:
All of these
58 - Lactic acid fermentation yeilds about _omount of energy from glucose.
0.02
59 - Each mitochondria consist of folds called:
Cristae
60 - _is called power house of cell:
Mitochondia
61 - Breaking trminal phosphate bond releases about_energy.
7.3 K cal
62 - Cytochrome complex consist of :
Both a and b
63 - what is glycolysis?
Utilization of glucose
64 - First enzyme of glycolysis is?
Hexokinase
65 - Enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate is?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
66 - Hormone that stimulates glycolysis is?
Insulin
67 - The fate of pyruvic acid depends upon:
Availability of O2
68 - The chemical formula of pyruvic acid is:
C3H4O3
69 - Approximate ratio of ATP synthesized during anaerobic respiration compared with aerobic:
0.055555555556
70 - NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is carrier of:
Hydrogen
71 - The enzymes required for Krebs cycle are found in :
Matrix
72 - In electron transport chain, the electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed to:
Co-enzyme Q
73 - Total NADH formed by one glucose molecule during Krebs Cycle are:
6
74 - How many electrons are removed when one NADH is oxidized through respiratory chain?
2
75 - Total number of ATP produced through oxidative phosphorylation from one glucose molecule is:
32ATP
76 - Both ATP production and consumption is the feature of only:
Glycolysis
77 - _Defficiency causes yellowing in plants.
Magnesium
78 - Haem portion of haemoglobin contians_central atom.
Iron
79 - Phytol ring contains_carbons and_hydrogens.
20,39
80 - In chlorophyll b methyl group is replaced by _____.
Aldehyde
81 - Chlorophyll a is:
Blue green
82 - Chlorophyll b is:
Yellow green
83 - Most abundant chlorophyll is:
chlorophyll a
84 - Chlorophyll a ispresent in all photosynthetic organisms except:
Pothosynthetic bacteria
85 - Chlorophylls are insoluble in:
Water
86 - Chlorophylls are soluble in:
Organic solvents
87 - Fermentation process is:
Anaerobic
88 - Fermentation takes place in:
Cytoplasm
89 - Fermentation take occurred in primitive time do not contain:
Free oxygen
90 - _Process is called biochemical remnant:
Both a and b
91 - Product formed when NAPH reduces pyruvate:
Lactic acid
92 - Alcoholic fermentaton takes place in:
Both a and b
93 - Fermentation is used to regenerate:
NAD
94 - Organisms that can carry out fermentation:
Both a and b
95 - Facultative anaerobic organisms are:
All of these
96 - Lactic acid fermentation takes place in:
Mucles
97 - The wavelength that is absorbed completely by photosynthetic pigments is:
Disappeared
98 - correct order of energy transfer from accessory pigments to the main is:
Carotenoids → Chlorophyll ‘b’ → Chlorophyll‘a’
99 - The chloroplast convert solar energy into:
chemical
100 - Which of the following color is maximum absorbed by chlorophyll?
Red
101 - When we extract carotenoids from its source we see that it is:
Yellow and orange red in colour
102 - Graph showing effectiveness of absorbed light is called:
Action spectrum
103 - Splitting of water in sun light is called:
Photolysis
104 - ATP molecules are consumed during first phase of Calvin cycle?
6
105 - Z-scheme is used for:
Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
106 - CO2 acceptor in Calvin cycle is:
RuBP
107 - Each NADH yields _ATPs.
3
108 - Each FADH yields_ATPs.
2
109 - Before converting into Succinate , α Keto glutarate is converted into intermidiate called:
Succinyl CoA
110 - Which one is directly involved in light reaction:
Chlorophyll a
111 - A triose is formed when :
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted into G3P
112 - During anaerobic respiration :
NADH2 is converted into NAD
113 - When fumarate is converted into malate then:
Water molecule is used
114 - When Malate is converted into oxlaloacetate then:
NAD+ is converted into NADH
115 - Final product of aerobic respiration in prokaryotes:
38 ATPs
116 - Final product of aerobic respiration in eukaryotes is:
36 ATPs
117 - In _Van niel gave hypothesis about spititing of water.
1930
118 - _Do not release water during phosythesis.
Bacteria
119 - _Is reducing power.
NADPH2
120 - Amount of chloroplasts present on surface of leaf is:
half a million per square milimeter
121 - Each mesophyll cell has about_chloroplasts.
20-100
122 - Fluid filled region of chloroplast is called:
Stroma
123 - Stroma contains enzymes required for production of:
Carbohydrates
124 - Interconnected sets of flat disc like sacs is called:
Thylokoids
125 - Chlorophyll are_.
Embedded in membrane
126 - Thylakoids are involved in :
ATP synthesis
127 - Bioenergetics is quntitative study of :
Energy relationships and energy conversions
128 - Bioenergetics obeys:
Law of thermodynamics
129 - _is link between catabolism and anabolism.
ATP
130 - In_energy poor inorganic compounds are converted into energy rich compunds.
Photosynthesis
131 - During the general reaction of photosynthesis _CO2CO2 moelcules are used:
6
132 - Products of photosynthesis are:
Glucose and oxygen
133 - O2O2 is_in photosynthesis:
Product
134 - Photosynthesis is opposite process of:
Aerobic respirtion
135 - The moment at which rate of photosynthesis becomes equal to respiration:
Compensation point
136 - Oxygen released during photosynthesis is released by :
Water
137 - Product of Krebs cycle essential for oxidative phosphorylation is:
NADH and FADH2
138 - A single molecule of glucose generates _________ molecules of acetyl CoA.
2
139 - _accepts hydrogen from malate.
NAD
140 - Intermediate of the Kreb’s cycle is utilised in the formation of amino acids?
ð›¼-ketoglutaric acid
141 - Acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvate by__________ reaction.
Oxidative decarboxylation
142 - The entry of pyruvate into the TCA cycle is inhibited by the presence of a high cellular concentration of:
NADH
143 - FAD is reduced in which of the reaction of the Kreb’s cycle?
Succinate to fumarate
144 - Kreb cycle is also known as:
Both a and b
145 - Which one is not involved in intermidiates of kreb cycle:
All of these
146 - TCA cycle begins with an enzymatic aldol addition reaction of acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate, forming:
Citrate
147 - Final product of anaerobic respiration is:
2 ATPs
148 - ATP sythase is located in:
Inner mitochondrial membrane
149 - ATP synthase consist of_parts.
Two
150 - Spirogyra is:
Filamentous green algae
151 - Output of kreb cycle is:
All of these
152 - When phosphogylcerate is converted into phosphopyruvate then :
Water molecule is released
153 - Oxidative phase of glycolysis is also called:
Pay off phase
154 - During calvin cycle ATPs produced are:
No ATP is produced
155 - _is assimilating power.
ATP
156 - In the process of calvn cycle total _ATPs are consumed.
Nine
157 - Hormone that inhibits glycolysis is?
Glucagon
158 - Glycolysis is also known as?
Embden Meyerhof pathway
159 - Process shares the same pathway as glycolysis but in opposite direction?
Gluconeogenesis
160 - Where do glycolysis leads to lactate production?
Skeletal muscles
161 - Enzymes required for glycolysis are present in:
Cytosol
162 - Glycolysis consist of_phases.
Two
163 - Glycolysis occur both in;
Both a and b
164 - The end product of aerobic glycolysis is:
pyruvate
165 - The end product of anerobic glycolysis is :
lactate
166 - Glycolysis is essential for :
Brain
167 - In some cases, electrons break this pattern and instead loop back to the first part of the electron transport chain,is called:
cyclic photophosphorylation
168 - The cyclic pathway does not make:
Both b and c
169 - chloroplasts seem to switch from linear to cyclic electron flow when the ratio of NADPH to NADP+ start superscript, plus, end superscript is :
Too high
170 - ____may be common in photosynthetic cells.
cyclic electron flow
171 - Chemiosmotic theory was proposed by:
Peter Mitchell
172 - Organelle of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration is:
Mitochondria
173 - Which one is related to chemiomosis:
All of these
174 - In chemiosmosis electrons are donated by:
NADH and FADH2
175 - Energy rleased from electron flow is used to pump protons from:
Mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space
176 - Proton gradient formation site is:
Intermembrane space of mitochondria
177 - ATP is produced as electron moves:
Through 1st electron transport chain
178 - In cyclic phosphorylation electron moves back from primary electron acceptor to :
Cytochrome complex
179 - Which one is not related to cyclic phosphorylation :
Two photosystems are invloved
180 - Chemiosmosis uses _to couple redox reaction.
Membranes
181 - Hydrogen ions moves down to their concentration gradient through special complexes called:
ATP synthase
182 - Dark reaction takes place in :
stroma of chloroplastÂ
183 - Which one is true for dark reaction:
It is light independent reaction
184 - Rate liminting step of calvin cycle is catalysed by:
RuBisCo
185 - Phosphoglyceraldehydes required for glucose formation :
Two
186 - _is involved in activation of RuBisCo:
Mg2+
187 - During process of photosynthesis water act as:
Both oxidizing and reducing
188 - Carotenoids are :
Terpenoid lipds
189 - There are _types of carotenoids.
Two
190 - Most important and widspread caroten is :
β caroten
191 - Widely spread xynthophyll is:
Lutein
192 - _is responsible ofr yellowing for yellowing of foliage in autumn.
Xanthophylls
193 - First action spectrum of photosynthesis was obtained in:
Spirogyra
194 - Ist action spectrum was obtained in:
1883
195 - About _of photosynthesis is carried by terrestrial plants.
0.1
196 - Air contains about _CO2.
0.03-.0.04
197 - ATP synthesis by ATP synthase is driven by:
H+ movement
198 - ATP synthatase releases ATP towards:
Mitochondrial matrix
199 - Chemiosmosis in photosynthesis takes place in :
Thalakoid lumen in chloroplast
200 - Cyclic photophosphorylation involves the use of :
photosystem (PS I)
201 - Cyclic photophosphorylation do not involves :
Nadp+ reductase
202 - Non-cyclic photophosphorylation involves:
Two photosystems
203 - Cyclic phosphorylation is also called:
Z- sheme
204 - Each photon of light excites _.
Single electron
205 - Cytochrome complex is _protein.
Iron containing
206 - 2nd electron transport chain contains:
All of these
207 - Stoma covers about _of the leaf surface.
1-2 %
208 - Photosynthesis is a _______reaction.
Redox reaction
209 - Photosynthetic pigments are organized into clusters called:
Photosystems
210 - Each photosystem consist of :
Both a and b
211 - Photsystem 1 absorbs maximum light of:
700 nm
212 - Photosystem 2 abosrbs maximum light of:
680 nm
213 - The optimum temperature for photosynthesis is:
20-25℃
214 - Photorespiration occurs in:
Three cell organelle
215 - Kranz anatomy is found in the leaves of:
Sugarcane
216 - Photorespiration involves oxidation of:
RuBP
217 - In glycolysis, during oxidation electrons are removed by:
NAD+
218 - Following process occurs in glycolysis:
Oxidation
219 - ATP are used in glycolysis or For complete phosphorylation of a glucose molecule:
2
220 - The common phase between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is called:
Glycolysis
221 - pyruvic acid formed from one molecule of glucose at the end of glycolysis is:
2
222 - The two carbon compound in which pyruvic acid is changed is called:
acetyl-CoA
223 - The molecule of pyruvic acid is equal to:
6-C
224 - pyruvate oxidation takes place in the:
Mitochondrial matrix
225 - pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which consists of three interconnected enzymes and includes over_.
60 subunits
226 - pyruvate dehydrogenase complex it controls the amount of _ into the citric acid cycle.
acetyl CoA
227 - 2nd Phase This is known as :
Energy generating phase
228 - Cleavage of Fructose 1, 6-biophosphate yields:
An aldose and a ketose
229 - Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is rapidly and reversibly converted to:
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
230 - Which substrate is used in the last step of glycolysis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate
231 - High concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is inhibitory to:
Hexokinase
232 - The product formed in the first substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis is:
3-phosphoglycerate
233 - Glycolysis converts :
Glucose into pyruvate
234 - Glycolysis was invented by:
All of these
235 - What is the other name of glycolysis?
EMP pathway
236 - water molecules are used in glycolysis:
Two
237 - 2-ketoglutarate is transformed into:
succinyl-CoA.
238 - The TCA cycle was first observed in the:
Muscle tissue of a pigeon
239 - Kreb cycle was discovered in:
1937
240 - Kreb cycle was discovered by:
Hans Adolf Krebs
241 - Krebs received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in:
1953
242 - The total number of ATP produced in glycolysis is _from one glucose molecule.
4
243 - There is a net gain of _ATP molecules in glycolysis
2
244 - ATP molecules are formed during the citric acid cycle.
36
245 - Correct sequence of electron acceptors in ETS for production of ATP is?
Cyt b, c, a, a3
246 - Terminal cytochromes that is responsible for donating electrons to oxygen?
Cyt a3
247 - _Lack chloroplasts.
Photsynthetic prokaryotes
248 - Pigments absorb visible light ranging :
380-750 nm
249 - An instrument used to measure relative abilities of different pigments to absorb different wavelengths of light is called:
Spectrophotometer
250 - Accessory pigments are:
All of these
251 - Chlorophyll mainly absorb _light.
Both a and b
252 - Which colour is least absorb :
Green
253 - Chlorophyll molecule has _main parts.
Two
254 - Head of chlorophyll is :
Hydrophillic
255 - Head is made up of _pyrrole rings.
Four
256 - Central atom of pyrrole rings is:
Magnesium
257 - Calvin wasawarded Nobel prize in:
1961
258 - Calvin cycleis divided into_.
Three phases
259 - Most abundant protein on earth is:
RuBisCO
260 - Exchange of gases betwee organism and enviornment is called:
External respiration
261 - Breakdown of C-chain molecules in cells is called:
Cellular respiration
262 - Most important fuel that provide energy is:
Glucose
263 - In alcoholic fermentation pyruvic acid is broken down into:
Both a and b
264 - The pyruvic acid in alcoholic fermentation reduced to acetaldehyde which further reduced to:
Ethanol
265 - The alcoholic fermentation is carried by the yeast known as:
saccharomyces cerevisiae
266 - The carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed in alcoholic fermentation from:
pyruvic acid
267 - C3 and C4 plants differ with respect to:
Both a and b
268 - Where does the light reaction takes place?
Grana
269 - Electrons from the excited chlorophyll molecules of PS-II are first accepted by:
Pheophytin
270 - Non-cyclic photophosphorylation results in the production of:
ATP and NADPH
271 - DCMU inhibits:
PS-II
272 - Maximum photosynthesis occurs in:
Red light
273 - Two pigment system theory of photosynthesis was proposed by:
Emerson
274 - H2Â donor during photosynthesis is:
NADPH
275 - The minerals that are involved in splitting reaction during photosynthesis :
Manganese and chlorine
276 - The water-soluble photosynthetic pigment is:
Anthocyanin
277 - Somites develop from which germ layer
mesoderm
278 - The cavity formed between somatic and splanchnic mesoderm is
coelom
279 - Somites can be seen in embryo of how many hours
25 to 26 hours
280 - Nervous system develops from which layer
ectoderm
281 - Neural plate give rise to which structure
both a and b
282 - Neural crest when detaches from edges of neural plate form which structure
peripheral nervous system
283 - Fate of nueral tube is
both b and c
284 - Mesoderm surrounds the neural tube and forms
vertebrae
285 - The embryo in which folding of neural plate is clearly visible is known as
neurula
286 - The cavity of cerebrospinal system consisting of ventricles of brain and central canals of spinal cord is called
neurocoel
287 - Changes from a fertilized egg before an organism acquires its adult form constitute
embryonic development
288 - The series of changes which are permanent and irreversible are
Growth
289 - Programmed series of changes from a simpler to more complex form is called
development
290 - The processess like cell division,elongation,differentiation into tissues and organs are collectively known as
both and b
291 - Cellular differentiation of structure and function takes place during
development
292 - Addition of new branches,roots,leaves and elongation of roots and shoots in plants is a type of growth pattery known as
open growth
293 - In plants cells which have potential to divide and give rise to new cells are known as
meristems
294 - In higher plants growth is limited to certain regions as entire plant is unable to grow so these regions are named as
growing points
295 - Which of the following are the types of meristems
all
296 - which of the following is responsible for primary growth
apical meristems
297 - Spemann tie hair on zygote at which plan of cleavage
verticle
298 - Spemann tied zygote at which stage
at first cleavage
299 - Findings pf Speman with experiments at 16 cell stage embryo
All
300 - The reson behind the development of two complete embryos in Speman experiments was
hair was tied in middle of gray crescent
301 - When Spemann tied hair perpendicular to the plane of first cleavage which result he observed
both a and b
302 - Why in spemam experiment one normal larva and other belly piece formed
hair was perpendicular to plane of first division
303 - An unorganized tissue mass of ventral cells were named by Spemann as
both a and b
304 - When speman placed hair perpendicular to the plane of first division which side gave rise to complete embryo
future dorsal side of embryo
305 - Gray crescent gave rise to which piece of embryo
dorsal lip of blastopore
306 - Cells of dorsal lip of blastopore initiate
gastrulation
307 - Ordered sequence of irreversible changes during which one step sets up the necessary conditions for the next step
development
308 - During the course of development zygote divides to form
All
309 - Cleavage is a type of
mitotic division
310 - A cavity blastocoel is observed in which stage of development
morula
311 - The hollow sphere embryo which develops at the end of cleavage is called
blastula
312 - At the end of cleavage blastula is formed in mammals it is named as
blastocyst
313 - On the base of amount and distribution of yolk cleavage is of how many types
two
314 - Yolk of an egg contains which of the following material
All
315 - Amount of yolk in invertebrates and simple chordate's egg is
small
316 - Cleavage in which entire egg divides and produces cells of the same size
holoblastic
317 - Cambium is responsible for which type of growth in plants
secondary growth
318 - Leaf primordial and root primordial are recognized after the formation of
cambium
319 - Root primordia develops from
both b and c
320 - Relationship of plant's development and growth in different directions and at different rates is known as
correlation
321 - If apical bud grows while growth is suppressed in lower axillary bud this type of correlation is termed as
apical dominance
322 - Which hormone causes apical dominance in plants
both a and b
323 - In case apical bud is removed the axillary bud starts growth this effect is known as
compensatory effect
324 - If hormone effects or suppresses the growth of the bud this effect is called
inhibitory effect
325 - Potatoes can be stored for two to three years by inhibiting the sprouting of lateral buds or eyes .All this is possible bu the action of
both a and b
326 - Study of growth and development undergone by an organism from zygote to adult is known as
embryology
327 - All cell have autonomously determined fate except one
dorsal lip of blastopore
328 - The dorsal lip of blastopore is derived from
gray crescent cytoplasm
329 - If the blastopore lip is implanted after gastrulation later in development what results you would expect
induction will not take place
330 - When blastoporelip is transplanted to another embryo at gastrula stage it will cause which changes in receptor embryo
All
331 - Tissue capable of inducing secondary embryo in the host is
dorsal blastopore lip
332 - First inductive event in the development is initiated by
both a and b
333 - Cells of neural plate induce neural crest in the embryo ,it is termed as
secondary induction
334 - Which of the following structures are named organizer by Spemann
All
335 - Negative physiological change in body of an organism is called as
aging
336 - Study of aging is called
gerontology
337 - Regeneration in which adult structures undergo differentiation to form relatively undifferentiated mass of cells which then redifferentiate to form new structure is called as
epimorphosis
338 - If a cell produces cells similar to itself without formation or undifferentiated mass this type of regeneration can be called
compensatory regeneration
339 - Regrowth of hair shafts from follicular stem cells in the hair bulge is which way of regeneration
stem cell mediated regeneration
340 - Regeneration of amphibian limb and regeneration in planarian flatworm is an example of
epimorphosis
341 - Regeneration in mammalian liver cell can be regarded as
compensatory regeneration
342 - In planaria the unspecialized cells which are always present in body and form lost structure are called as
Neoblasts
343 - Branch of biology which deals with abnormal development and its cause is known as
Teratology
344 - Which of the factors disrupt the normal process of development
All
345 - Exogenous agents that cause birth defects are known as
teratogens
346 - Down syndrome abnormality is caused by
genetic disorder
347 - If the yolk is distributed evenly in the egg thn cleavage will be
holoblastic cleavage
348 - Holoblastic cleavage is found in which animal
both a and b
349 - When the large amount of yolk is concentrated at one end of the cell then this end is known as
vegetal pole
350 - The eggs which have large amount of yolk and smal amount of cytoplasm at animal pole undergo which type of cleavage
both b and c
351 - Blastodisc which is formed by developing embryo is at which pole
animal pole
352 - Differentiation of embryonic germ layers takes place in which stage of development
gastrulation
353 - Formation of organs and systems during development takes place in which stage
organogenesis
354 - Chick egg undergo which type of cleavage
both b and c
355 - Chick egg hatches on which day of incubation
twenty first
356 - During incubation of chick eggs temperature is regulated at
36 to 38°
357 - Optimum temperature on which growth is maximum in plants is about
25 to 30°
358 - Temperature at which plant's growth stops and plant may die
35 to 40°
359 - Plant's growth is influenced by
All
360 - Photoperiodism is influenced by
duration of light
361 - Plants need oxygen for which purpose
All
362 - Plants need carbondioxide for
photosynthesis
363 - Plant's growth is effected by
all
364 - Vitamins are synthesized un plants in the presence of
light
365 - Once a seed is germinated the remaining developmental activities depend upon
meristematic tissues
366 - After the formation of embryo which structures are first recognized in plants
root and shoot apical meristems
367 - Which proteins have been found to prevent aging thorough out eukaryotic kindom including yeast
sirtuin protein
368 - Down regulation of insulin signaling pathway cuase which changes in an organism
All
369 - Which change is caused by P53 to accelarate aging
both a and c
370 - Which of the following factors can increase life expectancy
All
371 - The disease which is due to aging
All
372 - When aging symptoms appear due to malnutrition,obesity,life style factors snd smoking this is termed as
secondary aging
373 - Symptoms of primary aging are
all
374 - In older people melanocytes amount gets
decrease
375 - Development and regeneration of missing organs in adult animals is known as
regeneration
376 - If regeneration occurs through repatterning of existing tissues it is known as
morphallaxis
377 - Synthesis of cell wall material and cytoplasm starts in which growth phase
cell division
378 - Characteristics of cells which undergo division
All
379 - Zone of elongation lies at a little distance from
both a and b
380 - During elongation volume of cell increase upto how many folds
150 folds
381 - In which phase of growth final size of cell is attained and cells do not elongate further
maturation
382 - The cells which develop into pith and cortex stuck into which phase and do not elongate further
maturation
383 - In which phase of growth cells of various tissues differ in spatial dimensions and manu new structural features develop
differentiation
384 - Which one is internal factor which effects plants growth
vitamins
385 - Which one is not included in external factors which effect plants growth
water
386 - Rate of grow in plants and temperature have which type of relation with each other
directly proportional
387 - When there are several abnormalities occurring together from life threatening to mild birth defects they are collectively called as
syndrome
388 - Genetically based syndromes can be caused by
both a and b
389 - Which of the following can act as teratogens
All
390 - Period of susceptibility to teratogens is between weeks (during pregnancy)
3 and 8
391 - If a mother consumes too much alcohol which effect should possible in her child
Fatal Alcohol syndrome
392 - Which of the following viruses can also act as teratogen
rubella
393 - Toxoplasmagondii a protist cause brain and eye defect is fetus due to this it is classified under
Teratogens
394 - Which of the following metals act as teratogen
All
395 - Familial hypercholestrolemia is an example of
genetic disorder
396 - X rays cause mutations in
both a and b
397 - Most gene controlled substances are found in
cytoplasm
398 - Haemmerling performed experiment on Acetabularia to demonstrate the role of ______ in development
nucleus
399 - To demonstrate the importance of nucleus Haemmerling performed experiments on which species
algae
400 - When cap of A crenulata was grafted on A mediterranae it developed into new cap containing properties of
A.crenulata
401 - To understand the process of differentiation which scientist performed a series of experiments
Spemann
402 - If a peice of ectoderm is removed from frog's embryo then it fails to develop which structure
nervous system
403 - If the mesoderm underlying ectoderm is removed then which effect can be possible on ectoderm activity
it fails to develop nervous system
404 - Capacity to spme cells to evoke other cells so that they give specific developmental response is called as
induction
405 - Which scientists performed experiments to understand the process of embryonic induction
both b and c
406 - Embryonic specification in which a developing cell is able to differentiate without receiving external signal is known as
Autonomous cell fate specification
407 - During cleavage first two cleavage planes are
vertical
408 - Rounded closely packed mass of blastomeres is called
morulla
409 - The discoidal cap of cells above the blastocoel is called
blastoderm
410 - At the marginal areas of blastoderm cells remain undetached from the yolk this area is called
zone of junction
411 - During gastrulation blastoderm splits into
both a and b
412 - Epiblast is the precursor of
both a and c
413 - Hypoblast is the precursor of
endoderm
414 - Area pellucida is formed when ________cells die off
central cells of blastoderm
415 - Perepheral cells of blastoderm remain attach to yolk this area is termed as
area opaca
416 - During the formation of primitive streak mesodermal cells move
medially and caudally
417 - Which structure is formed when the mesodermal cells move medially and caudally
primitive streak
418 - The enterior end of primitive streak is occupied by an aggregation of cells known as
both a and b
419 - Primitive streak represents which structures
both a and b
420 - Local thickening of closely packed cells at the cephalic end of primitive streak is known as
Hensen's node
421 - Ultimate fate of primitive streak is
notochord
422 - In chick embryo of about 18 hours which structure is prominent
notochord
423 - Marginal area where the expanding germ layers merge with under lying yolk is known as
germ layer
424 - Cavity between the yolk and endoderm is
both b and c
425 - Hensen's node forms which structure
dorsal mesoderm
426 - Total how many somites pairs are formed in chick embryo
52
427 - Apical meristems are found at
tips of root and shoot
428 - The tissues which are responsible for increase in number of cells at the tips of roots and stem
apical meristems
429 - Parts of apical meristem which get separated from apex by permanent tissue are
intercalary meristems
430 - Which type of tissues play an important role in the production of flower and leaves
intercalary meristems
431 - Damage to grosses by herbivores is replenished and damaged tissues regrow which tissue is responsible for This type of growth
intercalary meristems
432 - Secondary growth in plants is increase in
increase in diameter of stem and root
433 - Which type of tissue plays a role in secondary growth of plants
lateral meristem
434 - Growth in vegetative root and stem is a type of
indeterminate growth
435 - Type of growth in which certain parts of plants e.g leaves ,flowers and fruits that grow to certain size and then stop is known as
determinate growth
436 - Growth in plants is divided into how many phases
four
437 - The maximum life sap of human beings is
120 to 125 years
438 - Maximum life span of drosophila fruit fly is about
3 months
439 - The estimated life span of tortoises and lake trout are
150 years
440 - Which of the following factors play role in the process of aging
All
441 - The two sets of genes which are involved in aging
both a and b
442 - Which aging syndrome cause death as early as 12 years of a child
Hutchinson_Gilford progeria syndrome
443 - Mutation in the gene encoding Lamin A protein cause which aging syndrome
Hutchinson gliford progeria syndrome
444 - Which aging syndrome is found in mice
klotho gene related progeria
445 - Klotho gene related progeria is due to mutation in which gene
klotho gene
446 - Animals with high P 53 protein levels have increased protection against cancer ,how it effects aging
age more rapildy
447 - Cells of our eye differ from other cells of body because
both a and b
448 - Which of the following play important role in development
both a and b
449 - Which of the following particulary specify the cell type
both a and b
450 - Morphogenetic determinants are found in
egg
451 - Morphogenetic determinants are actually
both b and c
452 - Morphorgenetic determinants are involed in
gene expression
453 - In Ascidian larval epidermis is produced by
clear cytoplasm
454 - Yellow cytoplasm produces
muscle cells
455 - Grey vegetal cytoplasm gives rise to
gut
456 - Notochrod and neural tube is produced by
Grey equatorial cytoplasm
457 - The process in which neural tube is eventually differentiated into brain and spinal cord is known as
neurulation
458 - Hans Dietrisch performed experiments on which animal's egg
sea urchin
459 - Hans Dietrich performed experiments on sea urchin egg to study
All
460 - Which theory states that genome gets smaller with each division of cell until only information for the characteristics of single cell type remained
Roux wisemann hpothesis
461 - In hans Dietrich experiment both half embryos developed into mormal larvae because
both b and c
462 - In Driesch's experiment it implies that development is consequence of
external factors
463 - Driesch's experiment gave idea about the
both a and c
464 - According to Roux development is the manifestation of
internal factors
465 - According to Spemann which piece is completely required for embryonic growth
Gray crescent
466 - Keeping in mind Spemann experiment on newt embryo at two cell stage ,which of the following is correct
both complete but half sized
467 - Which of the following are the common modes of nutrition in bacteria
both a and b
468 - Which of the following are the major groups of autotrophs
both a and b
469 - Bacteria that can synthesize their organic compounds from simple inorganic compounds are
autotrophs
470 - Bacteria which are unable to synthesize their own food are called
heterotrophs
471 - The bacteria which get their food from dead organic matter are called
saprophytic
472 - Material resulting from partial decay of plants and animals
humus
473 - Which quality of saprophytic bacteria enable them to get food from decaying matter
enzyme system
474 - Bacteria which are dependent on other organisms to get their food are called
parasites
475 - Which of the following is a parasitic bacteria
streptococcus pneumoniae
476 - Photosynthatic bacteria posses chlorophyll in
cytoplasm
477 - Pasteur used attenuated cultures against which disease
All
478 - Edward Jenner inoculated the boy with name
james phipps
479 - Edward jenner inoculated the boy with ___to provide immunitu against small pox
cow pox causing material
480 - Disease transmitted to people by bites of rabid dogs,cats and other animals is called as
hydrophobia
481 - Antibiotics are derived from
both a and b
482 - Antibiotics can be used against diseases caused by
bacteria
483 - Origins of antibiotics are
both a and b
484 - What precautions shoud be known by the user who is taking antibiotics
All
485 - Misuse of antibiotics can cause which of following adverse effects
both a and b
486 - Misuse of antibiotic penicillin can cause which problem
allergic reaction
487 - Who proved that micro organisms can cause diseases
Louis Pasteur
488 - Germ theory of disease was given by
Robert koch
489 - The pure culture will produce the disease when inoculated into susceptible animals is a statement of
germ theory of disease
490 - Which gas is produced by bacteria and is known as biogas
methane
491 - Thermoacidophiles are
All
492 - The bacteria which require high salt concentration for growth are called
Halophiles
493 - Bacteria are usually found in which type of environment
All
494 - The structures common to all types of bacteria is
both a and b
495 - Bacteria usually range in size from
0.1 to 600 um
496 - The smallest known bacteria belong to which type
both a and b
497 - Bacterial chromosome is actually
large circular double strand DNA
498 - Bacteria are considered as
haploid organism
499 - Bacteria DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA as it lacks
introns
500 - Circular ,double stranded extra chromosomal DNA molecule in bacteria is called
plasmids
501 - Which structure in bacteria contain resistant genes for drugs and metals
plasmid
502 - In modern genetic engineering which structure are used as vector
plasmid
503 - Thin,long thread like structures that project from bacterial cell and are involved in locomotion
flagella
504 - Bacterial flagella are made up of which protein
flagellin
505 - Bacterial flagella lack
microtubules
506 - Which type of bavtr rarely have flagella
cocci
507 - Tubular extension of cell membrane that project through cell wall
both b and c
508 - Pilli are found only in which type of bacteria
gram negative
509 - Pilli are made up of which protein
pilin
510 - During conjugation which structure is used to transfer genetic material from donor to acceptor bacteria
pili
511 - Flagella originates from
basal body
512 - Which bacteria are usually non motile
cocci
513 - When one or more flagella arise from one or both poles it is called as
polar
514 - If the bacterium possess single flagellum at one end it is called
both a and b
515 - If the bacteria possess single flagellum at both ends it is known as
both a and b
516 - If bactert possess a pair of flagella at one end it is called
Monopolar bitrichous
517 - Enzymes for cellular respiration in bacteria are present in which structure
plasma membrane
518 - Bacterial cell membrane is involved in which functions of the cell
All
519 - Substance present between plasma membrane and nucleoid is
cytoplasmic matrix
520 - Plasma membrane and every thing present in it is collectively known as
protoplast
521 - Bacterial cytoplasm lacks all structures accept one
ribosomes
522 - Bacterial ribosomes are characterised as
70S
523 - Stored food in bacteria includes
All
524 - Waste material in bacteria includes
All
525 - Nuclear region of bacteria which is not separated from cytoplasm is
Nucleoid
526 - In an electron microscope nucleoid region is seen as_______ compared to cytoplasm
lighter
527 - Use of steam,radiation ,dry heat and filtratt to control bacteria comes under the category of
physical method
528 - The process in which physical agents are used to control the bacteria is known as
sterilization process
529 - Process of destruction of all life forms is
sterilization
530 - To control bacteria microbiological labs use
high temperature
531 - Moist heat kills the bacteria by ____
coagulation of protein
532 - How dry heat is effective for killing the microbes
oxidation of chemical compounds
533 - Which rays are generally used for sterilization process
gamma rays
534 - Electromagnetic radiations of how much wavelength are used to kill the microbes
300nm
535 - Heat sensitive compounds like seras,antibiotics,hormones can be protected by means of which process
membrane filtration
536 - Use of antiseptic,disinfectant and chemotherapeutic agent is____method of control
chemical
537 - When division in cocci is random it will produce which type of arrangement
stayphylococcus
538 - Which of the following are the examples of cocci
stayphlococcus aureus
539 - Rod shaped bacteria are known as
Bacilli
540 - Bicilli usally divide only
one plane
541 - Single cell of rod shaped bacteria is known as
bacillus
542 - When rod shaped bacteria occur in pairs this arrangement is known as
diplobacillus
543 - Chain of bacilli bacteria is known as
streptobacillus
544 - Which of the following is not example of rod shaped bacillus bacteria
stayphlococcus aureus
545 - Thin and flexible spiral shaped bacteria are called
spirochete
546 - Thick ,rigid spiral shaped bacteria are called as
spirillum
547 - Smallest known bacteria of genus mycoplasma infect which organisms
Animals
548 - The smallest bacteria which infect plants are known as
phytoplasma
549 - Mycoplasma and phytoplasma range in size from
both a and b
550 - Escherchia coli range in length from
2 to 6 um
551 - Diameter of Escherchia coli range in
1.1 to 1.5um
552 - Escherichiacoli is
both a and c
553 - Some spirochete occasionally reach in length of about
500um
554 - Staphylococci and Streptococci range in diameter from
0.75 to 1.25 um
555 - The organism that only live in the gut of brown surgeonfish is a
both a and b
556 - The bacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni range in length
both a and b
557 - Gram staining technique defferentiate bacteria on the basis of physical and chemical composition of
cell wall
558 - Gram positive bacteria retain which dye when treated in staining technique
All
559 - Gram negative bactr retain which dye on treatment with gram staining technique
both b and c
560 - Cell wall is usually absent from which bacteria
mycoplasma
561 - Overall thickness in cell wall of gram negative bacteria is about
20 to 80 nm
562 - Amount of lipids in cell wall of gram positive bacteria is about
1-4%
563 - Amonut of lipids in cell wall of gram negative bacteria
11-12%
564 - Permiability of molecules is more in cell wall of which bacteria
gram positive
565 - Unlike eukaryotic cell,bacterial cell membranes lack which molecules
cholesterol
566 - Inviginations of cytoplasmic memby are called as
mesosomes
567 - Bacteria cause decomposition of dead or complex organic matter that's why they can be called as
recyclers of nature
568 - Bacteria play which important roles ecologically
all
569 - How bacteria play role in increasing the water retaining capacity of soil
by decomposition
570 - Which organisms take part in humus formation
both a and b
571 - Atmospheric nitrogen can be made available to plants through the process of
nitrogen fixation
572 - Which of the following are nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil
both a and b
573 - Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert the atmospheric nitrogen into ___which then plants avail
both a and b
574 - Removel of environmental pollutants by the use of living organisms is called as
bioremediation
575 - Which of the following pollutants can be removed with bioremesmdiation
all
576 - Economic importance of bacteria refers to the role of bacteria in
All
577 - Misuse of tetracycline and its related compounds cause which problem
discoloration of teeth
578 - Streptomycin if improperly used can cause which effect
deafness
579 - Antibiotic penicillin is obtained from
both a and b
580 - Cyanobacteria was previously known as
blue green algae
581 - Cyanobacteria are
prokaryotes
582 - Average diameter of blue green algae is about
1 to 10 um
583 - Cyanobacteria live in the form of
All
584 - Chains of cells when cyanobacteria exists in filaments form are called as
trichome
585 - Blue green algae (cyanobacteria) posses which type of cell wall
gram negative
586 - Cyanobacteria resemble eukaryotes in which of the following aspects
both a and b
587 - Campylobacter is an example of
microaerophilic bacteria
588 - Usually bacteria undergo which type of reproduction
both b and c
589 - During the process of binary fission which changes take place in the parent cell of bacteria
All
590 - After binary fission the two daughter cell get _______amount of genetic material
both get equal
591 - Interval of time untill the completion of next division in bacteria is known as
both a and b
592 - How many growth phases bacteria posses
four
593 - Which of the following is not the bacterial growth phase
All
594 - Phase during which bacterial cell donot divide but there is increase in cell size
lag phase
595 - Which phase is the period of great metabolic activity but no division of cell take place
lag phase
596 - Phase in which enzymes and intermediate are synthesized as bacteria get adopted to an environment is
lag phase
597 - Chemical substances used on living tissues to inhibit the growth of microorganisms is
antiseptic
598 - Chemit agents that are used on non living objects to kill the microbes are called as
disinfectant
599 - Which of the following agents are used as disinfectant
All
600 - Chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics control the growth of bacteria by
working with natural defense
601 - Which of the following are the examples of chemotherapeutic agent and antibiotics
All
602 - Effect that kills the microbes immediately is knwon as
microbicidal
603 - Which effect inhibits the reproductive activity of cell and keeps microbial population at constant size
microbistatic
604 - Pasteur isolated the bacteria responsible for which disease
chicken cholera
605 - Attenuated ,less virulent bacteria that stimulate host immunity are termed by pasteur as
vaccine
606 - Immunization with attenuated cultures of bacteria is knows as
vaccination
607 - Prokaryotic cells are characterised as
All
608 - Bacteria was first discovered by which scientist
Antonie van leeuwenhoek
609 - The name bacterium was coined by
Ehrenberg
610 - In traditional two kingdom system prokaryotes were placed in
kingdom Plantae
611 - Kingdom protista was proposed by
John hog
612 - Who assigned a separate kingdom Monera for All the prokaryotes
Margulis and Shwartz
613 - A taxonomic category above the kingdom level is
domain
614 - Archaeobacteria differ from eubacteria in following aspects
All
615 - Antonie van leeuwenhoek named the small creatures as
Animolecules
616 - Vaccine against disease anthrax,cholera and rabies was developed by
Louis pasteur
617 - Which of the following is the phase of rapid growth
both b and c
618 - Log phase continues until which of the following things happened
All
619 - At which phase there is balance between multiplication and death rate
stationary phase
620 - The phase in which rate of cell division gradually decrease and eventually cell stop multiplying
death or decline phase
621 - The process of transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another is called
All
622 - Conjugating bridge is formed between the two cells of bacteria with the help of
sex pilus
623 - The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through third party is called as
transduction
624 - The process of absorption of DNA into the cell from its immediate environment is called
transformation
625 - The cells that are formed after transformation have genetic material of
new type
626 - The cells formed after transformation are known as
transformed cells
627 - Which organisms can be used as pollution indicator
oscillatoria
628 - Cyanobacteria establish symbiotic relationship with which species
All
629 - Dense population of microorganisms that produce unpleasant smell in water are known as
water blooms
630 - What are the characteristics of super blue green algae
All
631 - Common subaerial and terrestrial cyanobacteria is
nostoc
632 - Trichomes appear as
all
633 - In trichome filament round,yellow,large thick walled cells are known as
heterocyst
634 - Trichomes break near heterocyst to form which structure
hormogonia
635 - Bacterial akinates function is
all
636 - Nostoc can be found in which places
All
637 - Accessory pigments found in cyanobacteria are
phycobillins
638 - Predominant phycobilins in cyanobacteria is
phycocyanin
639 - Which processi s involved in assimilation of CO2 in cyanobacteria
calvin cycle
640 - Photosynthetic pigments and components of electron transport chain are found on which structure in cyanobacteria
thylakoid membrane
641 - Aggregate of light harvesting proteins attached to stroma side of thylakoid membrane in cyanobacteria
phycobilisomes
642 - Reserved food material in cyanobacteria is
glycogen
643 - Reproduction in cyanobacteria is through
All
644 - Small filaments of cyanobacteria lacking heterocyst and akinates are called
hormogonia
645 - Differentiated cyanobacterial cell that carries out nitrogen fixation is
heterocyst
646 - Bacteria play role in which of the technological field
All
647 - Which organism can be used in the study of genetic and genetic engineering
Bacteria
648 - Discovery of DNA as heredity material was fisrt studied in which organism
Bacteria
649 - Which organism was used to observe the semi conservative model of DNA
Bacteria
650 - Miners can extract metal from ores in a relatively ecological friendly way by using which organism
Bacteria
651 - Bacteria used in mining process
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
652 - Yogurt,cheese,butter can be produced with the help of which organism
Bacteria
653 - To make biodegradable plastic which molecules are used which are synthesized by bacteria
both a and b
654 - Which of the following is the bacterial disease
All
655 - Cholera is caused by which bacteria
vibrio cholera
656 - Curved and comma shaped bacteria which are intermediate to spiral and rod shaped are called as
vibrio
657 - Which one of the following is not an example of spiral shaped bacteria
Neisseria meningitidis
658 - The outer wrapping of bacterial cell is known as
envelop
659 - The outer wrapping of bacterial cells includes
All
660 - Outer coating tha covers the outside of bacterial cell wall is
glycocalyx
661 - Slime and capsule are the parts of
glycocalyx
662 - Condensed layer of glycocalyx tightly associated with cell wall which give sticky and gummy nature to cell is known as
capsule
663 - Loosely attached layer that gives slippery nature to the cell is
slime
664 - Generally glycocalyx is made up of
polysaccharides
665 - Cell wall of bacteria is composed up of which components
both a and b
666 - Photosynthatic bacteria use which compound as a source of hydrogen
hydrogen sulphide
667 - During chemosynthetic activity of bacteria which compound get oxidize
All
668 - Which of the following is not the example of photosynthetic bacteria
nitrifying bacteria
669 - Bacteria which do not require oxygen for their growth are called as
anaerobic bacteria
670 - Bacteria which are unable to grwo without oxygen are called as
aerobic bacteria
671 - Bacteria which are not influenced by the presence or absence oxygen are known as
facultative bacteria
672 - Bacteria which can grow in low quantity of oxygen are known as
microaerophilic bacteria
673 - Which one of the following is an aerobic bacteria
Pseudomonas
674 - Spirochete bacteria is an example of
anaerobic bacteria
675 - Which one of the following is an example of facultative anaerobic bacteria
E.coli
676 - Cell wall of archaeobacteria usually dose not contain which compound
Peptidoglycan
677 - How many major types of bacteria are there is respect to shape
3
678 - Bacteria that exist in both spherical and helix shaped form are called as
pleomorphic
679 - Which one type of bacteria are spherical in shape
cocci
680 - Cocci when divide in two planes they produce
tetrad
681 - When division takes place in two planes the resulted square of four cocci is known as
Tetrad
682 - If division in cocci is in one plane it will produce which arrangement
both b and c
683 - If division is in three planes in cocci it will produce which arrangement
sarcina
684 - A sarcina arrangement in cocci is
cube of eight cocci
685 - The division in which cocci occur irregular often grape-like clusters is
random
686 - When a tuft of flagellum is present only at one end of bacteria it is called as
lophotrichous
687 - When flagella arise randomly over the entire surface of bacteria it is called as
peritrichous
688 - Mtabolically dormant bodies in bacteria like spores,cysts are formed at
late stage of growth
689 - Spore which develop within the vegetative cell inside the cell wall are named as
endospores
690 - Which spores have higher resistance towards high temperature and survives for more than thousand years
endospores
691 - Which type of spore is formed when original cell forms a copy of its chromosome and surrounds it with a atough wall
endospore
692 - Round thick walled resting structures formed outside the cell wall are
exospores
693 - Which species of bacteria are known to form exospores
Actinomycetes
694 - Structures which are resistant to desiccation and some chemicals are
cysts
695 - Cyst formation occurs by which changes in the cell wall
both a and c
696 - Which of the following can be the best measurement for prevention of cholera
clean water supply
697 - Typhoid is caused by which bacteria
Salmonella typhi
698 - Effective measurement against typhoid include
All
699 - The causative agent for the pulmonary tuberculosis is
mycobacterium tuberculosis
700 - Causative agent of pneumonia is
streptococcus pneumoniae
701 - Which of the following is not a bacterial disease in plants
cholera
702 - Discrete or spreading type lesion on leaf is the characteristic of which plants disease
leaf spot
703 - Leaf spot in plants is caused by which bacteria
xanthomonas campestris
704 - Blight disease in plants is caused by
Bacteria
705 - Loss pf turgidity in leaf blade which ultimately leads to wilting and drying is due to which bacteria
pseudomonas solanocaerum
706 - Which component gives the structural support and characteristic shape to bacterial cell
peptidoglycan
707 - Teichoic acid is found in the cell wall of which bacteria
gram positive
708 - Gram negative bacteria posses how many cell wall layers
two
709 - Outer cell wall layer of gram negative bacteria is made up of
both a and b
710 - Periplasmic space is found in
gram negative
711 - Periplasmic space is present between
outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane
712 - Which protein is present in gram negative and is absent in gram positive bacteria
porins
713 - Which structure aids in pathogenecity of bacteria
slime
714 - Which of the following synonyms are used for peptidoglycan
both a and b
715 - Gram staining technique was developed by
Chritian Gram
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