1 - reciprocity norm is
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
2 - Recognition can be described as
the ability to identify information you previously experienced
3 - Recognition is
superior to recall when the distractors used are dissimilar to the correct item.
4 - Recognition is to recall as:
Multiple choice is to fill-in
5 - Recommends shifting the focus of psychology away from the negative to a more positive focus.....
Positive Psychology
6 - Reconstructive memory suggests that:
Memory is an active/changing process
7 - Recorded data shows that the participants responded to the stress of the experiment in many ways including
all of the above
8 - Recording behavior in natural environment
Naturalistic observation
9 - Records the waves of electrical activity (studies seizures)
EEG
10 - Recreating an answer almost entirely from memory is called.....
Recall
11 - Red is a color that represents violence.
yes
12 - Redirecting a forbidden desire or thought into a socially acceptable one.
Sublimation
13 - reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others
diffusion of responsibilty
14 - REFERES TO A BREAKDOWN IN COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, OR BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONING
PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION
15 - refering to the observation that lwarning can take place without actual performance of the learned behavior
performanve distinction
16 - referring to the tendency of animals to learn certain associations, such as taste and nausea, with only one or a few pairings due to the survival nature of learning
biological preparedness
17 - Refers to a progressive series of changes in an orderly and coherent type towards the goal of maturity
Development
18 - Refers to an individual's innate qualities
Nature
19 - REFERS TO BOTH TO THE TYPES OF PROBLEMS OR DISORDERS THAT YOU WOULD FIND IN A LINIC OR HOSPITAL AND TO THE ACTIVITIES CONNECTED WITH ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT
CLINICAL
20 - refers to how participants are allocated (or assigned) to experimental conditions within a study.
random assignment
21 - refers to how research participants are selected (or sampled) from a target population.
random sampling
22 - Refers to making something clear, specific, and measurable.
Operationalize
23 - refers to personal experiences
Nurture
24 - refers to statistical measurements that determine how similar the data collected by different raters are (a rater is someone who is scoring/measuring a performance, behavior, or skill in a human or animal)
inter-rater reliability
25 - Refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others around them.
Social Development
26 - refers to the systematic application of learning principles to change people's actions and feelings
behavioral modification
27 - Refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and given meaning.
Perception
28 - Reflection means
re-phrasing client's statements
29 - Reflexive grasp is present at
at birth
30 - Reformed understanding of mental illness. Created first mental hospitals
Dorthea Dix
31 - Refusal to accept reality is what?
Denial
32 - Refusing to believe or accept the realityof something that makes us nervous.
denial
33 - Regan and Carter are tall; Jeff is fat. Kelly would say that these statements illustrate the incorrect use of a construct because constructs -
must occur within the same context.
34 - Regular drinking of caffeinated drinks reduces alertness.
Correct
35 - Regular, ongoing examination and critique of one's assumptions and instructional strategies, and revising them as necessary to enhance learning
Reflective teaching
36 - regulates blood sugar, secreting insulin
pancrease
37 - Regulates breathing, heart rate, digestion, ect.
Automatic nervous system
38 - Regulates your hunger, thirst, body temperature
hypothalamus
39 - regulation of hormones (endocrine system) and of the autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus
40 - Rehearsal is.....?
The process where something is consciously done to retain information
41 - Reicher argued that the riot was rule-driven, the main rule being:
Only target the police.
42 - Reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses.
Variable-Ratio Schedule
43 - reinforcement of a behavior each time the behavior occurs
continuous reinforcement
44 - reinforcement of a behavior is not reinforced every time it occurs.
partial reinforcement
45 - Reinforcement of behavior every time the behavior occurs.
Continuous Reinforcement
46 - Reinforcement will lead to ..... change in behavior than punishment.
a more gradual
47 - Reinforcements are applied with a set amount of time between them on a ..... schedule.
Fixed-interval
48 - Reinforcers that can be exchanged for other reinforcers, such as money, are known as:
Token (Symbolic) Reinforcers
49 - reinforcers that function after being learned
secondary reinforcers
50 - Reinforcers that function due to the biological makeup of an organism are called .....
Primary
51 - reinforcers that function due to the biological makeup of an organism.
primary reinforcers
52 - reinforcers that increase the behavior they follow when they are applied
positive reinforcers
53 - reinforcers that increase the behavior they follow when they are removed
negative reinforcers
54 - Reinforces the first response after a fixed time period.
fixed interval schedule
55 - Reinforcing a response only part of the tie, results in a slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.
partial (intermittent) reinforcement
56 - Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.
continuous reinforcement
57 - Rejecting the concept of "S-R" connectionism, further "S-O-R" concept was developed by___________?
Woodworth
58 - Relates to business and personnel matters.....
Industrial Psychology
59 - Relating information to your own life experiences is an effective memory aid because it facilitates:
semantic encoding
60 - relating the material to your own life
self-reference effect
61 - relating to a value or quantity lying at the midpoint on a frequency of numbers
median
62 - Relationships with family and friends fulfill this need in Maslow's Hierarchy
Love & belonging
63 - Relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience
Learning
64 - relatively permanet change in behavior due to experience or practice
learning
65 - relatively small group out of the total population under study
sample
66 - relay
to give information, news, etc. to someone
67 - relay area for organizing incoming signals to the cortex & outgoing signals to body
Thalamus
68 - releasing anger or aggression by letting out powerful negative emotions
catharsis
69 - Reliability indicates ..... whereas validity indicates ..... about tests.
Consistency; measuring what it intends to measure.
70 - Reliability refers to the ability.....
of the personality test to produce the same test score for an individual at other testing.
71 - Reliability: when it is carried out, and then carried out again, in the same way with same Ps
Test-retest reliability
72 - Reliant on the participants' memories Memories can be unreliable (we will study this more in later units) Often not possible to verify the information that the participant shares
retrospective
73 - rely on
depend on/ trust
74 - REM stands for
Rapid eye movement
75 - REM stands for....., a stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly back and forth.
rapid eye movement
76 - REM/Dream sleep has these brain waves.
Beta Waves
77 - Remember more when you are in a similar emotional state
State Dependent Memory
78 - Remember more when you are in a similar situation or environment
Context Dependent Memory
79 - Remember the BEGINNING of a list is what?
Primacy of Serial Positon Effect
80 - Remember the END of a list is what?
Recency Effect of Serial Positon Effect
81 - Remembering how to do things is called.....
Procedural memory
82 - Remembering how to perform actions is an example of:
Procedural memory
83 - Remembering how to roller skate involves which of the following kinds of memory?
procedural
84 - Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates ________________ memory?
implicit
85 - Remembering information better when it linked more deeply with knowledge in long-term memory is explained by the .....
Levels of processing
86 - Remembering information that you never really learned;
confabulation
87 - Remembering items at the beginning of a list
primacy
88 - Remembering something incorrectly
Confabulation
89 - Remembering something when you return to the place you first learnt it is called.....?
Context
90 - Remembering that one time you went on vacation to Ohio to visit your cousins is an example of which type of memory
episodic
91 - Remembering that the capital of Venezuela is Caracas is an example of what type of memory?
Semantic memory
92 - Remembering the definitions of each of your SAT prep vocabulary words demonstrates
semantic memory
93 - Remembering the first and last items of a list better than items in the middle is due to
the serial position effect
94 - Remembering the first items on a list, better than than middle or last ones is due to
primacy effect
95 - Remembering the items at the end of a list
recency
96 - Removal of the hippocampus is most likely lead to ___________?
anterograde amnesia
97 - Removing chores for a week
negative reinforcement
98 - Renaissance and Enlightenment philosophers championed the use use of experience, experimentation, and observation to explain the universe in ..... terms.
empirical
99 - Rene Descartes believed the mind and body were two distinct systems. Descartes was therefore considered a:
dualist
100 - Rene Descartes introduced the idea of .....
Dualism
101 - Renee Descartes emphasized ..... as the best road to understanding.
Human reasoning
102 - Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as
relative size.
103 - Repeated measures - each participant does all the conditions. What are the disadvantages?
All of the above
104 - Repeated periods during sleep when a person stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer is known as:
Sleep apnea
105 - Repeating a person’s name over and over immediately after being introduced is an example of _________________?
maintenance rehearsal
106 - Repeating a research study to confirm the results of an original study
Replication
107 - Repeating a research study, using different participants to see if findings extended to other people and situations is known as what
Replication
108 - Repeating information over and over again to remember
Maintenance Rehearsal
109 - Repeating information over and over to store it for a short-term duration is known as
Maintenance Rehearsal
110 - Repeating information to remember it temporarily is called.....
Maintenance rehearsal
111 - Repeating information verbatim
Rehearsal
112 - repeating material to yourself to keep information in your short term memory longer is an example of .....
maintenance rehearsal
113 - Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an effective strategy for
rehearsal
114 - Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an example of
maintenance rehearsal
115 - Repeating the essence of a research study to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced
replication
116 - Repeating the message defines which component of communication?
Feedback
117 - Repetition looks like.....
Writing out learnt content over and over
118 - Repetition of the same arguments resulting in stronger attitudes in support of the majority view is an example of
group polarization.
119 - Rephrasing a new definition in order to remember its meaning is
Semantic Encoding
120 - Replication is when one scientist
copies another scientist's experiment.
121 - Representative Sample
A sample that has characteristics that are similar to those in the population.
122 - Represents output or effect
Dependent variable
123 - Repression is an example of __________________?
motivated forgetting
124 - Repression refers to ____________?
Primary defense mechanism
125 - Rescorla found that the CS must ..... the UCS for conditioning to take place.
predict
126 - Research aimed at building psychology's knowledge base is
Basic Science
127 - Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.
double blind study
128 - Research design in which participants don't know whether they are in experimental or control group.
single blind
129 - research examining how the mind works
Basic Research
130 - research examining how we can use basic research to solve real-world problems
Applied Research
131 - Research findings in the area of interpersonal attraction indicate that individuals are most likely to be attracted to others who are
similar to themselves in many ways
132 - Research findings indicate that more intensely coloured foods or drinks are likely to be perceived as
more intensely flavoured
133 - Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college GPA. Which of the following best describes this relationship?
A positive correlation
134 - Research has shown that
in the presence of others, we tend to do worse on complex or unfamiliar tasks.
135 - Research has shown that highly intelligent people when they die tend to have
far more synaptic connections
136 - Research has shown that people who use goal setting effectively:
show more self-confidence
137 - research has shown that witness testimonies are
often inaccurate
138 - research is used to examine one variable in different groups that are similar in all other characteristics.
cross sectional
139 - Research method in which a researcher manipulates one or more factors while controlling others.
experimentation
140 - research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
survey
141 - Research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering
Naturalistic Observation
142 - Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants
Case Study
143 - Research method where questions are asked to subjects who report their own answers
survey
144 - Research on memory construction indicates that
false memories of imagined events are often recalled as something that really happened.
145 - Research on physical attractiveness has shown that
desirable personality characteristics are typically ascribed to good-looking people.
146 - Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that
animals can be bred for aggressiveness.
147 - Research on the impact of Day Care indicates that
Promotes the development of social skills
148 - Research on the role of reinforcement in insight therapy has found that ___________?
It does play a role
149 - Research on WW2 pilots is a strength of whose study?
Gibson
150 - Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos, participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrated
choice blindness
151 - Research particpants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words, and the third group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how ma
Independent
152 - research psychologist
psychologist who study the origin, causes, or results of certain behaviors
153 - Research shows that generally, the higher an incoming college student's high school GPA, the higher the college student's college GPA. Which of the following describes this relationship?
a positive correlation
154 - Research shows that if we distribute our practice over multiple days, we will increase our retention. This is referred to as the:
spacing effect
155 - Research suggests that humans can most easily master the grammar of a second language during __________________?
childhood
156 - Research technique designed to discover attitudes or behavior through questionnaires
Survey Method
157 - Research that demonstrates information on current state of affairs, but not about correlations or cause and effact
Descriptive study
158 - Research that has no immediate application is known as .....
basic research
159 - Research that involves in-depth description/examination
Qualitative
160 - Research that involves manipulating one of the variables to determine the effect on slither variable
Experimental study
161 - Research that is inherently numerical in nature and can be reduced to numbers
Quantitative
162 - Research that uses different groups of society, can be referred to as a snapshot study
Cross-sectional
163 - Research that uses the same group of people over many years
Longitudinal
164 - Researched the impact of False memories on eyewitness testimonies
Loftus
165 - Researcher famous for work in observational or social learning including the famous Bobo doll experiment
Albert Bandura
166 - Researcher who showed children behaved aggressively towards a Bobo doll after watching adults do the same.
Bandura 1977
167 - Researcher(s) whose work helped overturn segregation in schools.
Kenneth B. Clark and Mamie Clark
168 - ResearcherMostly focuses on cognitive and behavioral ideas.
Experimental Psychologist
169 - Researchers and practitioners concerned with psychology's contribution to promoting health and preventing disease.
Health Psychologists
170 - Researchers are able to have strict control of variables in a ..... experiment.
laboratory
171 - Researchers are not dependent on the participants' memories of their level of physical activity in their early teens. BUT . . . It takes a lot longer to carry out Possibility that many of the participants will drop out of the study over time
prospective
172 - Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the ..... of a test.
reliability
173 - Researchers at the Big City University are studying the impact of weightlifting on the speed of student athletes on the track and field team. One group will weightlift for one hour per day and the other group will not weightlift at all during the trial pe
weightlifting; speed
174 - Researchers conduct an experiment on test anxiety with three groups. In the first group, the students studied for only 20 minutes and then took an exam. The second group studied for one hour and then took the exam. The third group spent several hours stud
the amount of time studying
175 - Researchers find that there is a significant, positive correlation between the number of hours students sleep and their grades. The researchers would be justified in concluding that.....
Students who earn good grades tend to sleep more than those who do not
176 - Researchers learn about the brain by studying
All of the above
177 - Researchers must ..... important concept in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined.
operationalize
178 - Researchers must ensure that those taking part in research will not be caused distress. They must be protected from ..... and ..... harm, ..... or ..... .
All of the above
179 - Researchers must ensure that those taking part in research will not be caused distress. They must be protected from ..... and ..... harm.
mental
180 - Researchers need to carefully control conditions to avoid subjectivity
Objectivity
181 - Researchers often try to obtain a sample that represents a population.
Representative sample
182 - Researchers taught the chimpanzee Washoe and the gorilla Koko to communicate by using:
Sign language
183 - Researchers use ..... ..... to decide whether the results of their experiment are caused by pure chance
inferential statistics
184 - Researchers use a number of neuroimaging devices to assist in exploring the brain and nervous system with great success. Which of the following is the most portable and allows the patient/person to move their head around during the recording process?
fNIRS
185 - Researchers use the data collected from an experiment to draw conclusions about the relationship between the variables of interest in the population. They are doing which of the following?
Generalising the results from the sample
186 - Researchers want to test the hypothesis that music improves learning. They compared test scores of students who study to music with those who study in silence. They put out an advertisement in their local newspaper asking for teenagers to participate. Thi
Convenience sampling
187 - Researchers want to test the hypothesis that music improves learning. They compared test scores of students who study to music with those who study in silence. Which of the following might be an extraneous variable?
Amount of time allowed for the studying
188 - Researchers wanted to determine how age affects emotional intelligence. A suitable null hypothesis for this study would be:
it is expected that there will be no difference in emotional intelligence between different age groups of participants.
189 - Researchers wanted to study if exposure to violent video games makes children more aggressive. The alternative hypothesis would state that:
it is predicted that exposure to violent video games in children leads to increased aggression levels due to the graphic nature of the content.
190 - Researchers who study single individuals in depth in order to uncover general principles of thinking and behavior are using which research method?
case study
191 - Researchers who use the ..... method study different age groups at the same time to understand changes that occur over a lifespan.
cross-sectional
192 - Researchers who use the ..... method study the same group over the course of their lifespan to understand changes.
longitudinal
193 - researchers who were interested in examining the idea that early attachment styles would be reflected in adult romantic relationships, carried out a
'Love quiz' in the local newspaper
194 - Respect and financial gain are two values promoted in the National Statement
FALSE
195 - Respond to external stimuli is called
Sensation
196 - respondents are evoked and operants are not evoked but they are
emitted spontaneously
197 - Respondents to surveys often report that they are healthier, happier, and less prejudiced than would be expected based in the results of other types of research. This finding can best be explained by which of the following?
Social desirability bias
198 - Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli
generalization
199 - Responding to a conditioned stimulus in order to avoid electric shock is an example of ________________?
avoidance conditioning
200 - Response and reaction we make on any situation is called
behaviour
201 - response to a stimulus that is not learned
Unconditioned Response
202 - responses directed toward satisfying the emotional needs of members
social functions
203 - Responsible for Changing Short term memories to Long term memories?
Hippocampus
204 - responsible for cognitive abilities and conscious thought
cerebral hemispheres
205 - responsible for the neural functions that keep us alive: breathing, heartrate, digestion, sleep-wake cycle
brain stem
206 - responsible for vision
occipital lobe
207 - responsible for vision, auditory processing, memory, and multisensory integration
temporal lobe
208 - Restaurants who claim that adobo, menudo, and embutido are Spanish cuisine are in what phase of cultural domination?
Denial and withdrawal
209 - Restorative justice is when a victim and offender meet. It is a process used to help a .....
victim recover and make the offender undertand the impact of their crime
210 - Results of the study of Pavlov suggest that changes must occur to the behavior of the dog after the conditioning. This illustrates the goal of
control
211 - Retention of encoded material over time.
Storage
212 - Retinal disparity is an important cue for
perceiving distance.
213 - Retinal disparity occurs because
each retina receives a slightly different visual image due to their distance apart
214 - Retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray.
Rods
215 - Retrieval cues are:
a stimuli that help you access a certain memory
216 - Retrieval failure occurs when:
We don't have the right cues to recall a memory
217 - retrieval inhibition tells us
learn more
218 - retrieve
to get something back
219 - Retrieving previously stored information refers to
recall
220 - Retroactive interference involves the disruption of ________________?
retrieval
221 - Retroactive interference is
occurs when new memories inhibit the recall of older memories
222 - Retrograde amnesia is loss of memory ..... an event
Before
223 - Reveal the structure of the human thinking (Periodic Table)
Structuralism
224 - 'Reversing the order' is a key component of:
A cognitive interview
225 - Reviewing existing records to confirm a hypothesis about the behavior of a terrorist is _____________?
archival research
226 - Revival of an extinguished response
Spontaneous recovery
227 - Rewards and punishment are closely associated with
Operant Conditioning
228 - Rewards and punishments are associated with
behavioral psychology
229 - Ricardo distributes his study time rather than cramming because he wants to retain the information for the long term. He is using the:
Spacing effect
230 - Rich people are less satisfied with marriage than the poor. Wealth and marital satisfaction are .....
negatively correlated
231 - Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin's classic three-stage model of memory includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
flashbulb memory
232 - Richard has a large list of items to remember for his upcoming camping trip. The first thing he does to get organized is separate all the items into smaller groups. This is an example of
Chunking
233 - Richard, a patient with severe epilepsy, had a rare operation in which his corpus callosum was severed to divide the right and left hemispheres of his brain. What is a likely consequence of this operation?
Very little noticeable change in day-to-day activities
234 - Right after the graduation ceremony the local high school sponsors a reception for the graduates, their families, and friends. As you walk around the reception you conclude anyone wearing a cap and gown must be a member of the graduating class. The group
similarity.
235 - Robert Gagne gives us 9 levels or events that are reflected in our ICAP. The value of these steps is for use in.....
lesson planning
236 - Robert Gagne has divided learning situation in .categroies.
Eight
237 - Robert Gagne's Events of Instruction is under .....
Cognitive Learning Theory
238 - Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence was divided into 3 categories. What are they?
analytical, practical, and creative
239 - Robert was in an auto accident and now has difficulty remembering anything new. He can remember everything prior to his accident, but nothing since it. His doctors suspect that his ..... has been damaged.
Hippocampus
240 - Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ..... in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
unconditional positive regard
241 - Rogers developed.....
Client-Centered Therapy
242 - Rogers said that happiness comes from congruence. What does congruence mean?
Consistent stability and harmony between your ideals and your actions (your concept of yourself and the way your life is going)
243 - Rogers used the term ..... to describe the experience of conflict between the real self and the ideal self.
Incongruence
244 - Role of Evaluator:The assessor is key to the process
Assessment
245 - Role of Evaluator:The tester is not key to the process
Testing
246 - Rollo May was a(n) ..... psychologist.
Existentialist
247 - Ronnie is constantly worried and has lots of anxiety about his grades, even when they are doing well.
neuroticism
248 - rooting reflexinfants response in turning towards the source
rooting reflex
249 - Rorschach decided that personality could be determined by describing .....
inkblots
250 - Rorschach Test was published.
1920
251 - Rosenthal & Elem Principle showed that the expectations of the teacher can indeed impact academic performance. This is known as the:
Pygmalion Effect
252 - Rosenthal and Jacobson's "Pygmalion in the Classroom" study showed that
people's expectations of others can influence the behavior of others.
253 - Rosenzweig & Bennett used what animals in there study?
Rats
254 - Ross and Bandura demonstrated aggression and observational learning through
The Bobo Doll experiment
255 - Roy G Biv, Every Good Boy Does Fine, and My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles are all examples of
Semantic Codes
256 - ROYG BIV is a fictitious name people use to help them remember the order of colors in the color spectrum. ROY G BIV is an example of:
A mnemonic device
257 - Rubens Vase and the duck-rabbit are examples of
Ambiguous figure illusions
258 - Rudolf Goekle used the word ‘Psychology’ for the first time in the year __________?
1590 AD
259 - Rudy is 6 feet tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:
The representativeness heuristic
260 - Rule applied to visual information to assist organisation and interpretation of the information in consistent and meaningful ways
Visual Perception Principles
261 - Rules about how group members should act
group norms
262 - Rules and guidelines for referencing editorial style, by American Psychological Association
APA
263 - Rules are necessarty to get a positive classroom environment. Which of the following statements is essential for their elaboration?
Rules should be positive and observable.
264 - Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by
Gestalt psychologists
265 - runs the length of the cochlea
basilar membrane
266 - Russian Cognitive Theorist that formulated the theory "Zone of Proximal Development"
Vygotsky
267 - Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning with dogs and salivation.
Ivan Pavlov
268 - Ryan believes that his good grades in his business classes are the result of his strong work ethic and high intelligence. He believes that his poor grades in psychology are the result of an unskilled instructor. Ryan's thinking is an example of .....
Self-serving Bias
269 - Ryan can remember quite vividly the first time his dad took him out to learn how to ride a bike, because he didn't use training wheels and took a nasty spill, scraping his knee badly. This would best be described as a(n) ..... memory.
Episodic
270 - Ryan's social phobia has led him to lose jobs and relationships. In this case, Ryan has a disorder because his behavior is:
dysfunctional.
271 - Sabrina does not remember her primary school teacher who taught her mathematics. This could be due to
information decay
272 - Sabrina's statistics instructor assigns math homework every week that requires Sabrina to solve problems using formulas. Sabrina is making use of what method of problem solving to complete her statistics homework?
algorithms
273 - Sadie believes that she is the Queen of England and that the CIA is out to get her. What type of psychologist would be most likely to treat her psychological disorder?
clinical
274 - Sadly, in the past, individuals who scored as mildly intellectually disabled on IQ tests, were given this label:
Moron
275 - Salahakararu?
0.03
276 - Sally conducted a correlational research study to test if prolonged parental substance abusecan affect the overall intelligence of children in adulthood. She utilised the record fromrehabilitation facilities to compile a data set for analysis. In her find
Moderate relationship
277 - Sally has been working hard stacking shelves on night fill, after two weeks she realizes she has stacked more shelves than anyone in her team. She feels taken advantage of so decides to slow down the pace. This effect of social loafing can be described as
The sucker effect
278 - Salmon swimming upstream to spawn are an example of
Instinct
279 - Sam has an early morning Introduction to Psychology class and always brings a cup of Dunkin Donuts coffee. On the day of the first major test, Sam doesn't have time to stop for coffee. Due to F/State Dependent Memory..... this will affect his retrieval of
State Dependent Memory
280 - Sam has been told that he must revise over the holidays by his headteacher. He therefore devises a revision timetable and revises consistently over the two week period. He has, therefore shifted to an ..... state
Autonomous State
281 - Sam is a healthy young boy who was involved in a car accident when he was three years old. In the accident he damaged both hippocampi. Since the accident, Sam is likely to have difficulty learning
the names of people he meets
282 - Sam is in a group but he believes the group is doing okay without his input so chooses not to contribute. This example of social loafing can best be described as?
Free-rider effect
283 - Sam is on holiday. He chooses to go to the shops rather than do his Psychology revision. According to Milgram, he is in the ..... state.
Autonomous state and therefore he is acting on his own free will.
284 - Sam likes to play computer games. His favorites are complex games that require him to use logic to solve problems and work through puzzles. In classes, Sam always asks questions, and he likes to participate in group discussions. Outside of class, he alway
Logical/Mathematical and Interpersonal
285 - Sam needs to buy treats for her dog. She repeats "treats, treats, treats....." in her head all the way until she reaches the grocery store. What type of encoding is this?
Auditory
286 - Samantha does really well managing her own emotions, as well as recognizing and understanding the feelings of others around her. Mayer's research would indicate that Samantha has a high level of .....
emotional intelligence
287 - Sammie always studies in her room. When she tries to complete class assignments on campus, she finds that she has a harder time concentrating and generally does a worse than average job. However, when she does them in her room, in the same spot that she s
The context effect
288 - Sample is
the small group of participants, out of the total number available, that a researcher studies
289 - Sample of Population: The entire Junior class at Spanish Fort High School
Either
290 - Sample of Population: You want to study the eating habits of doctors. You randomly send out a survey about eating habits to doctors in Mobile and Baldwin Counties.
Sample
291 - Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
random sample
292 - Sampling that's participants mimic proportions of groups in the target population
Only (A) & (B)
293 - Sam's Dad is a heart surgeon. Sam wants to be just like him. What should Sam plan to study in college?
Cardiology
294 - Sanguin, Phlegm, Choleric, and Melancholy are example of what?
Greek humors
295 - Santos is 8 years old and, according to the Stanford-Binet, he has a mental age of 10. What is his IQ?
125
296 - Sara and her co-workers are committed to their company and satisfied with their jobs. What is most likely true about Sara's company?
low rates of turnover and absenteeism
297 - Sara take away her attention to let her dog stop jumping around. This is an example of .....
Negative punishment
298 - Sarah draws 10 names out of a bowl containing the names of all the students at her school to determine which students she will interview for a study on the school's computer usage. This is an example of a
random sample
299 - Sarah is 12; her mental age is 15. What is her IQ?
125
300 - Sarah is always open to trying to new things and visiting new locations. What dimension of the Five Factor Model does she rank high in?
Openness
301 - Sarah is given one 100-oz bottle and one 99-oz bottle. She says that they feel the same weight. Then, she is given a 100-oz bottle and a 97-oz bottle. This time, she notices a difference. This is an example of what?
Weber's Law
302 - Sarah is going through a relationship dilemma. Who should she go to?
counselling pyshcologist
303 - Sarah is suspicious that her boyfriend is keeping a secret from her, after a conversation with him which he explains that he is not keeping a secret she becomes even more convinced that he is lying to her. The tendency to hold a more extreme view after th
Group Polarisation
304 - Sarah just goes with the flow. She rarely has much input in group decisions and is usually just happy with riding along with what everyone else is doing.
agreeableness
305 - Sarah knew that she could steal the supplies from work and no one would know about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take anything even though she would probably never get caught. What is this an example of?
Superego
306 - Sasha didn't invite her uncle to her birthday because she believes he is racist. Not inviting her uncle is an example of which aspect of her attitude toward him?
behavioural
307 - Scales of measurement in increasing order of precision are:
nominal scale, ordinal scale, interval scale and ratio scale.
308 - SCAT is used for
anxiety
309 - SCAT stands for?
Sinha comprehensive anxiety test
310 - Schedule of reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement
fixed-interval schedule
311 - Schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of correct responses is required before reinforcement can be obtained
fixed-ratio schedule
312 - Schedule of reinforcement in which changing amounts of time must elapse before a response will obtain reinforcement
variable-interval schedule
313 - schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is different for each trial or event
variable interval
314 - schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is different for each trtial or event
variable ratio
315 - schedule of reinforcement on which the number of responses required for reinforcement is always the same
fixed ratio
316 - Schedule or reinforcement in which an unpredictable number of responses are required before reinforcement can be obtained
Variable-ratio schedule
317 - Schema that involves a predictable sequence of events related to a common activity.EX: "you can infer that I woke up, showered, etc. before coming to work)
Script
318 - Schemas are
'packets' of knowledge that correspond to frequently encountered people, objects or situations.
319 - Schemas are primarily based on direct (sensory) experiences and early physical (motor) reactions and responses. At this stage, thinking is very much doing;This stage belongs to.....
sensori -motor stage
320 - Schizophrenia is:
A mental disorder that causes serious disruptions in thoughts and behaviour.
321 - School comes in socialisation of a child
After family
322 - School learned concepts
Artificial Concept
323 - school of psychology that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experiences
Structuralism
324 - school of psychology that aimed to understand the adaptive purpose of psychological characteristics
Functionalism
325 - School of Psychology that believes learning is achieved through insight
Gestalt
326 - School of psychology that describes esperience as a whole rather than broken down into parts
Gestalt Psychology
327 - School of psychology that describes experience as a whole, rather than breaking it down into parts
Gestalt
328 - school of psychology that focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior
Behaviorism
329 - School of psychology that looks at how mental process work to help individuals adapt to their environments
Functionalism
330 - School of psychology that looks at the basic elements of conscious experience
structuralism
331 - school of psychology that proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior
Cognitive Psychology
332 - school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud that focuses on internal psychological processes of which we're unaware
Psychoanalysis
333 - School of thought founded by Sigmund Freud
psychoanalysis
334 - School of thought founded by Werheimer, Koffka, and Kohler.
Gestalt
335 - Schools spearhead a Feeding Program for students who were assessed as malnourished.
Hierarchy of Needs
336 - Schools who impose English-only policy are at what phase of cultural domination?
Denial and withdrawal
337 - Science aimed at solving problems or improvement:
Applied Science
338 - Scientific hypotheses are ..... and falsifiable.
testable
339 - Scientific knowledge generated by psychology often runs against common sense. One such example is a study performed by .....She was concerned with children who gave up too easily when faced with a difficult problem or failure.
Dweck
340 - Scientific knowledge is .....
emperical
341 - Scientific Method
A process of systematic observation, measurement, and experiment to formulate and test hypotheses.
342 - Scientific method is a systematic observation used to test hypotheses about behaviour and mental event. What are the SIX (6) elements of scientific method?
Empirical evidence, sample, operational definitions, theories, hypothesis and replication
343 - Scientific processes are said to be "standardized" around the world. What does this imply? (best answer)
The expectations or criteria for evaluation of data are the same for everyone
344 - Scientific research that aims to solve practical problems
applied research
345 - Scientific study of behavior and mental process?
Psychology
346 - Scientific study of development across a lifespan
Developmental psychology
347 - Scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
social psychology
348 - Scientific study of human functioning and flourishing
Positive Domain
349 - Scientific study of observable behavior.
Behaviorism
350 - SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
351 - Scientific study of the links between genes, hormones, and neurons and psychological processes
biological psychology
352 - Scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
psychometrics
353 - Scientific study of the mind and behavior
Psychology
354 - Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
applied research
355 - Scientist, natural selection and evolution
Charles Darwin
356 - Scientists are cautious about making generalizations from case studies because
case studies cannot always be replicated.
357 - Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce
confirmation bias.
358 - Scientists are very particular that their conclusions are based on facts and not on feelings or prejudice.....THIS CHARACTERISTIC OF SCIENCE IS
objective
359 - Scientists who are most likely to study the relationship between the stress levels and an individual's likelihood of contracting a disease are ..... psychologists.
Health
360 - Scores in AQ and Eyes test are negatively correlated. This means .....
Only (A) & (B)
361 - Scores in rank order. Very often data from a rating scale
Ordinal
362 - Scores pile up at the low end of the scale in
a positively skewed distribution
363 - Scott Bolzan, a former NFL player, slipped and fell on spilled cleaning oil and landed on the back of his head. By the time paramedics got him to the emergency room, he had lost 46 years of his life. What type of amnesia does Scott have?
Retrograde Amnesia
364 - Sean is very sensitive and often worries about a lot of things. He experiences negative emotions fairly often and is easily triggered into episodes of anger and anxiety.
neuroticism
365 - Sean made an 'A' on his report and received a 'smiley face' on his paper.This is an example of:
Operant Conditioning(Positive Reinforcement)
366 - Secondary emotions.....
are when you feel something about the feeling itself. Example: You may feel anger about being hurt or shame about your anxiety.
367 - Secreted by fat cells, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger.
Leptin
368 - secreted by pancreas, controls blood glucose
Insulin
369 - Secreted by the STOMACH sends a message to the brain saying Im full.
Obestatin
370 - Section 504 encompasses which of the the following:
Accommodations are made to make sure individuals with disabilities are not discriminated against
371 - Seeing a candle flame 30 miles away on a clear night.
Absolute threshold
372 - Seeing a red octagon with a long, linear grey attachments at its base is a process of ....., whereas, understanding that the shape is a stop sign is a process of .....
sensation.....perceptiion
373 - Seeing a spray bottle shortly before getting sprayed in the face is an example of what?
delayed conditioning
374 - Seeking another opinion, voting on ballets/public voting, being held for decisions are all examples of [ ].
Groupthink
375 - Segmenting is a mental skill to break the day down to smaller parts. Additionally, we can use this in breaking practice, games or classes down. Why is this helpful?
This helps us be present in the moment with what we are doing. Many times we get "stuck" in our head in previous moments we were just in. This helps us make good transitions: example- from class to a practice session.
376 - Select (2) the statements that are true about the AXON
Only (A) & (B)
377 - Select all of the basic tastes
All of the above
378 - Select all of the organs of the nervous system:
All of the above
379 - Select all that apply for the Kinesthetic intelligence.
All of the above
380 - Select all that occur in the Frontal Lobe.....
All of the above
381 - Select all the answers showing one or more of the 5 higher cognitive processes:
All of the above
382 - Select all the types of behvior we studied about in class?
All of the above
383 - Select each correct answer below.In Nideffer's model of attention, a person's attention can be either
Only (A) & (B)
384 - Select only the verbs that appeared in Loftus & Palmer's study.
Only (A) & (B)
385 - Select the educational psychologist from the following name list-
All of the above
386 - Select the emotional words by analysing above grid?
Only (A) & (B)
387 - Select the incorrect answer. A psychiatrist.....
is not a medical doctor.
388 - Select the key term for the definition: interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
Assimilation
389 - Select the key term for the definition: when you create a new schema for the new incoming information
Accommodation
390 - Select the oldest method of brain study from the 3 following options.
Brain Ablation
391 - Select the TWO (2) options that correctly complete the sentence: Psychology as a formal study had its roots in ..... and .....
Only (A) & (B)
392 - Select three (3) examples of Altered states of consciousness:
All of the above
393 - Select two things involved in informational social influence
Only (A) & (B)
394 - Select two things that internalization involves
Only (A) & (B)
395 - Selective attention determines what information moves from
sensory memory to short-term memory.
396 - Selective attention is BEST illustrated by:
change blindness.
397 - Selectivity is a component of attention to
both
398 - Self actualisation is proposed by ____________?
Abraham Mashlow
399 - self actualization can be reach by the feeling of
passing traditions on to grandchildren
400 - Self Actualization is a concept that was developed by .....
Abraham Maslow
401 - Self efficacy refers to:
Your beliefs about your own capacities
402 - Self-actualization is part of which perspective?
Humanistic
403 - Self-assertive behavior is an example primarily of _____________?
A survival motive
404 - Self-care is the deliberate practice of activities that takes care of . . . (tick as many possible answers)
All of the above
405 - Self-concept is
other personal knowledge
406 - Self-deceptive techniques for reducing anxiety and guilt are called?
Defense mechanisms
407 - Self-efficacy might transfer to new situations when you believe that these same skills
will produce success
408 - Self-fulfilling expectations are most likely to be triggered by
stereotype threat
409 - self-fulfilling prophecy
a situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participant's behavior
410 - Self-reflective introspection about the elements of experience best describes a technique used by which school of psychology?
Structuralists
411 - self-serving bias refers to a person's tendency to attribute their success to ..... and their failures to .....
internal factors; external factors
412 - self-sufficient
independent
413 - Selyes 'GAS' model is a ..... model of stress
Biological
414 - Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ..... is to .....
meaning; imagery
415 - Semantic memory
general knowledge that people remember, like counting by 10s
416 - Semantic memory and episodic memory are classes of _________________?
explicit memory
417 - Semantics
the system of using words to create meaning
418 - Sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate (activate) it?
ESB
419 - sending end of a neuron
axon terminals
420 - Sensation
what occurs when a stimulus activates a receptor
421 - Sensation and intuition were regarded by Jung as :
irrational functions
422 - Sensation differs from perception in that
sensation is not able to bring sensory information to conscious awareness
423 - Sensation is
the information we pick up through our senses
424 - Sensation is the ..... by which our senses, like vision, hearing and smell, receive and relay outside information.
bottom up process
425 - Sensation is the process that allows our brains to take in information through the Senses. How many senses are in the human body?
Five
426 - Sensation is to ..... as perception is to .....
detection; interpretation
427 - Sensations have a minimum constant required to detect a change
Webers Law
428 - Sensations like sight, taste were seen as accurately representing the outside world is what type of experience.
Objective
429 - Sensing the position and movement of individual body parts is an example of which sense?
kinesthetic
430 - sensitive to light levels (perceived as brightness)
rods
431 - Sensory ..... is the process by which sensory receptors convert stimuli into neural impulses.
transduction
432 - Sensory adaptation is why you.....
Don't constantly feel your clothes on you
433 - Sensory adaptation refers to
diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
434 - Sensory Memory is the.....
Shortest type of memory
435 - Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses from the sense organs and internal organs (like your stomach) to the
central nervous system (CNS)
436 - Sensory neurons in your toes are part of which nervous system?
peripheral
437 - Sensory receptor that detects the chemical molecules that enable taste; sometimes called gustatory cells
Taste receptors
438 - sensory receptors sensitive to cool, warm, or hot stimuli (temperature)
thermal
439 - Sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals are called
nociceptors.
440 - Sensory receptors transduce information about pressure and temperature. Nerves send this information to the thalamus and somatosensory cortex for perception. What sense is this?
Touch
441 - Sensory-motor responses that are rapid and autonomic are called ____________?
reflexes
442 - serious; sharp
acute
443 - Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate:
sleep, moods/emotions
444 - set of assumptions about people in a given category summarizing our experience and beliefs about groups of people
stereotype
445 - Set of emotional, mental, and behavioral elements about an object, person, thing, or evident.
Attitude
446 - several receptor types sensitive to limb position & movement; muscle length, stretch, & contraction; joint angle, and excess stretch or force on muscle, tendons, ligaments & membranes (kinesthesia and proprioception)How we detect bodily sensations: Transd
musculo-skeletal
447 - Severe anoxia at birth will result in damage to the ______________?
brain
448 - severe corpus callosum
lateralization
449 - Severe memory loss caused by injury to the brain
Amnesia
450 - Shana was sitting in class when the teacher began talking about water and oceans. Erin began to feel the need to go to the bathroom suddenly.This is an example of:
Classical Conditioning (unconditioned stimulus-response)
451 - Shawna suffered an accident the left a small piece of metal in her left frontal lobe. After the accident she could not express herself at all - she could only utter one or two words. What part of her brain was most likely damaged?
Broca's area
452 - She believed Kohlberg's work on morality overlooked gender differences
Carol Gilligan
453 - She charged thatpsychoanalytic theory asdeveloped by Freud wasmale-biased and proposed amore social-culturalapproach to balance themasculine view ofpsychology of the time
Karen Horney
454 - She conducted an experiment wherein she presented participants with two auditory messages, one to the left ear and one to the right ear, and told them to focus their attention on one of the messages (the attended message) and to ignore the other one (the
Colin Cherry
455 - She has a child-like ..... which I really love.
innocence
456 - She was an American activist on behalf of the insane whocreated the first American mental generation ofasylums.
Dorthea Dix
457 - She was the first woman to form a experimental psychology lab at Wellesley College.
Mary Whiton Calkins
458 - Sheila yells at her little sister when she is actually angry with her mom. This defense mechanism is called?
Displacement
459 - Sheppard et al. (2005) examined drawing accuracy in children by looking at which 2 factors?
dimensionality and meaningfulness
460 - Sherif 1954
Competitive situation create negative outgroup attribution
461 - Sherif wanted to know whether ..... would increase prejudice and discrimination
competition
462 - Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as
chunking
463 - She's very ..... She always has hopes that things will work out in the end.
optimistic
464 - Shift work disorder is least likely to occur when:
the roster rotates slowly from one shift type to another
465 - Short - term memory last
20 to 30 seconds
466 - Short Phrases can help people to remember more complicated information, such as using DR ABC in First Aid or the DASH diet.What does DASH stand for?
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
467 - Short Term Memory
the part of the memory system where information is stored for roughly 30 seconds
468 - short term memory is limited to ..... items
7
469 - Short term memory is limited to about ..... items
7
470 - Short term memory mostly processes information using what kind of processing?
Semantic
471 - Shortly after birth, Terrell could not even hold his head up, but, just a few months later, he can hold his head up and roll over from his back to his stomach. These advances in Terrell's muscles are due to
physical development.
472 - Short-term memory
has a limited capacity
473 - Short-term memory has
a smaller capacity than sensory memory and a shorter duration than long-term memory
474 - Short-term memory has the capacity of storing about ..... items for its average duration of time.
7
475 - Should encourage children to play multiple sports
parents
476 - Should you undertake any research without ethical approval
no
477 - Should you undertake any research without informed consent
no
478 - Showed that in classical conditioning, pairing two stimuli doesn't always produce the same level of conditioning. Conditioning works better if the conditioned stimulus acts as a reliable signal that predicts the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus.
Robert Rescoria
479 - Showed that visual perception processes were influenced by culture
Deregowski 1972
480 - Shows brain function by using a radioactive glucose solution (active neurons love glucose)
PET Scan
481 - Shows hotspots of the brain consumption of glucose
PET
482 - Siffre was isolated and would not have ..... for six months.
zeitgebers
483 - Siffre's study was conducted in what kind of environment?
Cave
484 - Sigmund Freud
Defense Mechanisms
485 - Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for
gaining insight into unconscious motives
486 - Sigmund Freud believed that we intentionally block past traumatic, scary or embarrassing memories known as:
Repression
487 - Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): .....
case study
488 - Sigmund Freud developed this psychological perspective.
Psychodynamic
489 - Sigmund Freud emphasized the role of childhood events and the unconscious in one's life. Which of the following theoretical approaches does Freud represent?
psychoanalytic
490 - Sigmund Freud is associated with which school of thought?
Psychodynamic Approach
491 - Sigmund Freud is founder of which school of thought?
Psychoanalysis
492 - Sigmund Freud is most associated with the ..... mind.
unconscious
493 - Sigmund Freud is regarded as the father of __________ in psychology.
Psychoanalytic school
494 - Sigmund Freud reflected on case study notes from interviews with clients (patients) to help develop his psychoanalytic theory of personality. Which design did Freud use to collect data?
Qualitative
495 - Sigmund Freud tried to find the cause of his patient's emotional problems by learning more about their.....
unconscious mind
496 - Sigmund Freud was the founder of .....
Psychoanalysis
497 - Sigmund Freud wrote a book called "....." in an attempt to explain Psychology to the masses.
Interpretation of Dreams
498 - Signal detection theory is most closely associated with which perception process?
Absolute thresholds
499 - similar to a survey, but instead the conductor gathers information face-to-face
interview
500 - Similarity is to difference as generalization is to __________________?
discrimination
501 - Simple or complex behavior? Falling in love
Complex
502 - Simple rules used in problem-solving that do not guarantee a solution, but offer a likely short-cut to it are called .....
heuristics
503 - simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
heuristic
504 - Simplicity is
the brain's tendency to organize elements in the simplest way possible
505 - Simultaneously recognize color, shape, size, speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates
Parallel Processing
506 - Since Adrian dyed his hair orange last month, he knew he did not need new instructions to dye his hair red this month.This is an example of:
Cognitive Learning
507 - Since ancient times, the nature of the mind was mainly considered by?
Philosophers
508 - Since ancient times, the workings of the human body were mainly considered by?
Physicians
509 - Since most psychological research deals with humans,
researchers must protect their subjects from harm.
510 - Since Psychology is the study of mental processes and human behavior which statement is true?
It is the study of the mind and soul.
511 - Since the image of a person approaching grows larger in our eyes, why do we not perceive that person turning into a giant?
We perceive that distance is decreasing.
512 - Since tracking data on intelligence testing, there has been a strong upward/positive trend in intelligence scores. This has been named the
Flynn Effect
513 - Singing different lyrics to the national anthem may increase the chances of someone else messing up the lyrics to the song due to ..... interference
Retroactive interference
514 - single-blind experiment is
an experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment
515 - Single-blind procedures control for ....., while double-blind procedures also control for .....
the placebo effect; the experimenter effect
516 - Single-Blind Study
Study in which the subject do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.
517 - Sir Francis Galton contributed to the development of the
Personality Test
518 - Sir Francis Galton greatly contributed to the field of psychology by developing the __________________?
first sensory-motor psychological tests
519 - Sir Francis Galton was responsible for pioneering the
personality test.
520 - SIT Theory suggested that the groups that we identify with.....
provide us with a source of self-esteem
521 - Six weeks ago Jacob ate a chicken sandwich that was contaminated with bacteria. It gave him food poisoining and he was very ill for several days afterwards. The contaminated chicken sandwich that Jacob ate six weeks ago and that made him feel sick was
An unconditioned stimulus
522 - Six weeks ago Jacob ate a chicken sandwich that was contaminated with bacteria. It gave him food poisoining and he was very ill for several days afterwards. The illness that Jacob suffered six weeks ago when he ate the contaminated chicken sandwich was
An unconditioned response
523 - Six weeks ago Jacob ate a chicken sandwich that was contaminated with bacteria. It gave him food poisoining and he was very ill for several days afterwards. The thought of a chicken sandwich when someone offered Jacob one yesterday was
A conditioned stimulus
524 - Six weeks ago Jacob ate a chicken sandwich that was contaminated with bacteria. It gave him food poisoining and he was very ill for several days afterwards. Yesterday, someone offered Jacob a chicken sandwich at a party, and when he saw it he felt ill aga
A conditioned response
525 - Size constancy is
the ability to retain the size of an object regardless of where it is located
526 - Size constancy refers to our perception of an object’s size as the same even though its image on the retina_____________ as the distance between us and the object _____________?
decreases, increases
527 - Skill of Evaluator:Requires an educated selection of tools of evaluation, skill in evaluation, and thoughtful organization and integration of data.
Assessment
528 - Skill of Evaluator:Technician-like skills in terms of administering and scoring a test, and interpreting a test result
Testing
529 - Skinner (1948)
Operant conditioning
530 - Skinner and other behaviorists have argued that language development is the result of
all options
531 - Sleep comes with slow rolling delta waves
NREM-3
532 - Sleep disorders are often found in this stage of sleep?
Stage 4
533 - Sleep hallucinations (i.e. "falling") happen in this stage?
Stage 1
534 - Sleep inertia is most likely to be experienced during:
awakening
535 - Sleep Spindles happen ONLY in this stage of sleep?
Stage 2
536 - Sleeping disorder patterns - insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
537 - Slipping off topic, gibberish, going off on tangent. answering a question in a way that doesn't make sense to the other person are examples of?
Disorganised speech
538 - Slot machines are an example of ..... schedule of reinforcement. (You don't know how many attempts it will take)
variable ratio
539 - Slot machines work on a ..... reinforcement schedule
variable ratio
540 - small bones in the ear that amplify sound wave energy
auditory ossicles
541 - Small bumps on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds
Papillae
542 - Small bumps on the tongue that hold taste buds.
PAPILLAE
543 - Small cells that engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in the CNS
microglia
544 - small steps in behavior one after the other, theat lead to a particular goal behavior
successive approximation
545 - Small successive step taken in which to get an organism to learn a behavior is called .....
Shaping
546 - smallest possible stimulus strength that can be detected
absolute threshold
547 - SMART Goal
All of the above
548 - Smell is transmitted to the brain via the.....
Olfactory Nerve
549 - Smell receptors send messages o the brain via the ..... nerve.
olfactory
550 - Smoking during pregnancy is associated with _____________?
Both B and C
551 - Social Cognitive Theory of Bandura tells us why a child became aggressive to the bobo doll after observing an adult do the same. What goal of psychology is described?
Explain
552 - Social development is shaped by .....
how babies and adults affect each other
553 - Social effects of stress include
all of the above
554 - Social Facilitation is
The tendency of an actor to increase in performance when the actor is in the presence of a co-actor or an audience
555 - Social facilitation is.....
When you perform better because other people are watching you.
556 - Social groups that are considered unworthy, different, or competitors are known as:
out groups
557 - Social groups that fit in vs. social groups that don't fit in is an example of?
In-group vs. out-group
558 - Social Identity is formed through.....
Membership of social groups
559 - Social identity theory is supported by ..... who found that .....
Jane Elliot who found that simply being placed in groups based on eye colour led to prejudice.
560 - Social identity theory suggests that prejudice is a result of .....
Simply being placed into groups.
561 - Social identity theory was created to help explain.....
All of these behaviours
562 - Social identity theory was proposed by.....
Tajfel and Turner
563 - Social impact theory differs from Milgram's agency theory because.....
Only (A) & (B)
564 - Social impact theory is similar to Milgram's Agency theory of obedience because?
Only (A) & (B)
565 - Social impact theory is supported by evidence. ..... showed that.....
Burger's model refusal condition showed that when targets dissent it leads to a reduction in obedience in the participants.
566 - Social influence is
The effects of the presence or actions of others on the way people think, feel and behave.
567 - Social inhibition is when.....
When the presence of others results in an impairment of performance.
568 - Social justice advocacy involves all of the following except.....
Taking down the establishment
569 - Social Learning Theories
Cognitive-personal factors, our behaviors, and environmental factors interact to shape our personalities.
570 - Social learning theory was first proposed by ___________________?
Miller and Dollard
571 - Social loafing is to social facilitation as
sitting quietly is to cheering.
572 - Social loafing refers to
an individual's tendency to slack off when working in a group more than when working alone.
573 - Social loafing refers to.....
an individual's tendency to slack off when working in a group rather than working alone.
574 - Social motives are called
secondary
575 - Social perception is influenced by:
all of the above
576 - Social Psychologists differ from personality psychologists in their focus on
external rather than internal influences
577 - Social psychologists study what factors increase the chance that people will like one another
attraction research
578 - Social Psychology and Cultural Psychology combine to form which perspective?
Sociocultural Perspective
579 - Social psychology deals with
Human behavior
580 - Social Psychology deals with _________?
Behaviour and experience in social situations
581 - Social Psychology includes
Conformity
582 - Social psychology is the study of __________?
how the behavior of individuals is influenced by others
583 - Social Psychology is the study of how we ..... one another.
think about, relate to, and influence
584 - Social Representations are
system of values, ideas and practices
585 - Social scripts refer to
culturally modeled guides for how to act in various situations.
586 - Social support helps people to resist social influence because:
All other options
587 - Socially the young child can only attend to one dimension at a time. In cognitive terms this is called ______________?
egocentrism
588 - Societies are in relative balance.
functionalism
589 - Sociocultural Psychology
Ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status influence our behavior.
590 - Sociology is a study of
the ways that people are affected by and affect society
591 - Sofia's teacher asks her a question in class. Which area of Sofia's brain would be activated?
Wernicke's area
592 - Solomon Asch 1951 - 55
Conformity with line length
593 - Solomon Asch tested
conformity
594 - Solomon Asch was interested in investigating.....
.....to what extent people are prepared to conform with the judgements of others in a group setting.
595 - Solomon Asch's findings on conformity might best be used to explain why
adolescents follow fads in dress and hairstyle
596 - Solve problems and arrive at a decision to answer referral problems
Psychological Assessment
597 - Soma
cell body
598 - Somanbulism is a sign of
hysteria
599 - Somatic stress is.....
the physiological response to stress
600 - Somatosensory Cortex
parietal lobe
601 - Some authors classify methods of educational psychology as
A and b are true.
602 - Some employers allow their employees to create their own schedules within set parameters. This is called ___________?
Flextime
603 - Some goals and structure but some autonomy and flexibility for interviewer refers to
Semi Structured Interview
604 - Some memories are stored in terms of their meaning. Which type of encoding is this?
Semantic
605 - Some of our most useful knowledge of human perception borrowed from _________?
Physics
606 - Some of the fibers from each eye cross over to the opposite brain hemisphere at the ______________?
optic chiasma
607 - Some of the most useful knowledge of human perception has borrowed from _________?
Physics
608 - Some people are questioning whether the state of Tennessee violated HIPAA privacy laws by sharing who has been diagnosed with COVID-10 with emergency responders. They are concerned this violates patient .....
confidentiality
609 - Some responsibilities include empirical research and regular publication in journals
Academical Pyschologist
610 - Some thinkers popularized ....., the idea that the mind and body are separate and distinct.
Dualism
611 - Someone asks u 2 give 5 hours of your time a week for the next year as a volunteer to a charity. After hearing this offer you think it's a huge request & instead of committing to all this volunteering time, u just donate a small amount of \$
This is door in the face
612 - Someone is classified a super taster if:
has more taste buds and gustatory receptor cells than others.
613 - Someone is playing a song on a piano that you have heard before. You are able to identify this song as one you have heard because of which process?
Recognition
614 - Someone knocks on your door & asks you to sign a petition. A week later they ask if they can put a sign in your lawn. This exemplifies:
foot in the door
615 - Someone planting a memory of an event that didn't take place is an example of.....
False memory
616 - Someone tries to convince you to buy their car, they start to describe the number of kilometers it has, that it is registered and that the air-conditioning works. This is an example of which route to persuasion?
central route
617 - Someone who behaves in an angry or violent way
aggressive
618 - Someone who believes that you cannot compare cultural groups as human behaviour can only be understood within a cultural context is a/an .....
relativist
619 - Someone who feels as though one must achieve satisfaction of their base needs before moving forward is using which perspective?
humanistic
620 - Someone who is identified as intellectually gifted has an IQ score of
130 and above
621 - someone who prefers to deal with information by hearing it has a(n)
auditory style of learning
622 - someone who prefers to deal with information by hearing it or reading it is a
Verbaliser
623 - Someone whose corpus callosum has been cut will experience difficulty in ___________?
Naming an object held in the right hand
624 - Someone with a fixed mindset sees failure as:
A sign they are not as clever as they thought
625 - Someone with a growth mindset
enjoys challenge and learns from failure by putting in more effort
626 - Someone with HIGH coping flexibility tends to
try a range of coping strategies depending on the situation
627 - Someone with LOW coping flexibility tends to
use the same coping straregy regardless of the stressor
628 - Someone with strong eidetic memory would have an edge to become a(n)
artist
629 - something about the person that is used to explain behavior
individual explanation
630 - something about the situation that is used to explain a behavior
situational explanation
631 - Something seen through the RIGHT eye goes to which hemisphere of the brain?
Left
632 - Something that can be directly seen and measured is
Behaviorism
633 - SOMETHING THAT CAUSES THE DIFFICULTY OR PROBLEM TO CONTINUE
PERPETUATING
634 - Something that increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated.
Reinforcement
635 - something that is stronger and controlling:
dominant
636 - Something that looks different from what it actually is is a(n) .....
illusion
637 - Something that produces a response is called a
Stimulus
638 - Something that stimulates interest or causes a person to act in a certain way.
Motivation
639 - Something which protects us from the consequence of our behaviour is known as?
Buffer
640 - Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) ..... to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment.
placebo
641 - Sorrow is ..... behavior, while crying is ..... behavior.
Cover, Overt
642 - Sound "loudness" is measured in the unit of .....
Decibels
643 - Sound vibrations in the ear create neural impulses received in which of the following cortex locations?
temporal lobe
644 - spatial memory; formation of new long-term memories
hippocampus
645 - Spatial neglect is most commonly associated with damage in the ..... lobe
parietal
646 - Speaking of Newcomer, which research design did the study use?
true experiment
647 - Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as
General Intelligence
648 - Spearman's g factor refers to
A general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks
649 - Spearman's G-Factor refers to
a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a variety of tasks
650 - Special circumstances in ethics are involved with children and people with limited cognitive abilities because .....
the participant must be able to give informed consent
651 - Special education in the early 1900's - 1960's involved.....
excluding students with disabilities from the traditional classroom.
652 - special receptors cells for night vision is called what?
rods
653 - Specialized cells of nervous system carry ___________?
Both (A. and (B.
654 - Specialized cells of nervous system carry ____________?
messages
655 - specialized cells that can receive and transmit chemical or electrical signals
neurons
656 - specialized neuron that converts physical energy into a neural signal
sensory receptor
657 - Specialized receptor cells responsible for night vision are called
rods
658 - Specialized receptor cells responsible for night vision are called .....
Rods
659 - Specialized study of how an individual's physical, social, emotional, moral, and intellectual development occur in sequential order as the individual matures
Developmental psychology
660 - Specific group of people whom they are interested in for their study
Target population
661 - SPECIFIES WHAT MAKES THE DISORDER DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL BEHAVIOR OR FROM OTHER DISORDERS. STATISTICAL DATA MAY ALSO BE RELEVANT
PREVALENCE
662 - Speech like but meaningless sound appear between 3 months to one year is termed as___________?
Babble
663 - Speech like but meaningless sounds appear between 3 months to one year is termed as _______________?
babble
664 - Speech that is jumbled and not understandable is a sign of:
Wernicke's Aphasia
665 - Spending time with a family dog decreases the amount of stress someone is feeling. What is the Dependent variabe?
Spending time with a family dog
666 - Sperling (1960) tested sensory memory. He presented 12 letters for 50 milliseconds. On average how many letters did participants remember?
3 or 4 letters
667 - Spinal nerves belong to the ___________?
peripheral nervous system
668 - Spirituality is not the only strength that let us appreciate the beauty and excellence, for not losing hope on humanity.
All of them
669 - Split brain operations are done to
help stop seizures
670 - Split brain surgery involves:
Cutting the corpus callosum so that the hemispheres can't communicate
671 - Split brain surgery is a rare but effective treatment for extreme.....
Epilepsy
672 - Spongebob is.....
Sad
673 - Spontaneous recovery can occur
When the conditioned stimulus starts again.
674 - Sport psychology is the study of.....
The mind
675 - Sports performance is the bi-product of
Total personality
676 - Sports psychology is concerned with _____________?
improving the players’ performance
677 - Sportsperson need sports psychologist for
Mentail Training
678 - Spranger's typology is based on the man's
interests
679 - S-R concept was first established by___________?
J.B Watson
680 - Stacey ran off the road and hit a mailbox. Her parents felt that she needed to learn a lesson so they took her car away, made her do dishes every night, and grounded her for two weeks.This is an example of:
Operant Conditioning (negative reinforcement)
681 - Stage 4 sleep includes which brain waves?
50% + Delta waves
682 - Stage IV sleep disorder that may cause you to wake up screaming or sweating.
Night Terrors
683 - Stage of sleeping in which your muscles and bonds recovers:
NREM 3
684 - Staged or developed theory of cognitive development
Jean Piaget
685 - Stages 1 & Stage 2 have these brain waves.
Theta waves
686 - Stages 3 & 4 have these brain waves.
Delta waves
687 - Stages of Cognitive Development is under .....
Cognitive Learning Theory
688 - Stages of Sleep starts it's cycle every:
90 minutes
689 - Standard Deviation
The square root of the average squared deviations from the mean of scores in a distribution; a measure of variability
690 - Standard deviation, variance, and .....tell how data are distributed.
Range
691 - standard deviaton
a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean
692 - Standardise, goal-driven, no autonomy for interviewer, based on strict job analysis refers to
Structured Interview
693 - Standardization also refers to the establishing of tables that specify how well average or normal people perform on a test. What is that called?
norm
694 - Standardized tests, such as the IQ test and the SAT test, only measure
verbal and mathematical abilities
695 - Standards for proper and responsible behavior are referred to as.....
Ethics
696 - Stanley Milgram focused his experiments on the theme of.....
obedience to authority
697 - Stanley Milgram tested
obedience to authority figures
698 - Stanley Milgram's key interest was in investigating.....
how people respond to the commands of a perceived authority figure.
699 - Stanley Milgram's study involving the "teacher", learner, & experimenter tested which of the following principles?
obedience
700 - Stanley was in an accident that damaged his brain. Now he has lost his memory for all eventsoccurring after his accident. Stanley accident has resulted in ..... amnesia.
anterograde
701 - Star shaped brain cell hypothesized to be involved in learning and memory
Astrocyte
702 - Star-shaped and connects neurons to blood vessels
astrocytes
703 - Started the first mental asylums in the U.S.
Dorothea Dix
704 - Starting-level employment, in a lower position which usually requires an ordinary level of education, training, and experience qualifications.
Entry level position
705 - Stated that dreams are just another kind of thinking that occurs when we sleep
Hobson
706 - Stated that dreams stem from conflicts that are buried in the unconscious mind
Freud
707 - Stated that humans have a collective unconscious or shared species memory
Jung
708 - Stated that hypnosis only works on the conscious mind while a "hidden observer" remains aware of what's going on
Hilgard
709 - Stated that people have basic traits which underlie our personality
Cattell
710 - States that high levels of dopamine seem to be associated with schizophrenia
Dopamine Hypothesis
711 - states that people tend to organize objects close to each other into a perceptual group and interpret them as a single entity.
Proximity
712 - states that people tend to organize objects with similar qualities into a perceptual group and interpret them as a whole
Similarity
713 - states that people tend to perceive incomplete forms (e.g., images, sounds) as complete, synthesizing the missing units so as to perceive the image or sound as a whole-in effect closing the gap in the incomplete forms to create complete forms.
Closure
714 - states the we are the product of learning and associations
behavioral approach
715 - Stationary lights on a neon sign blink sequentially and appear to move. This appearance is called the ________________?
phi-phenomenon
716 - Statistical index of the relationship between two things
correlation coefficient
717 - Statistical Significance proves that
results are not due to chance
718 - Statistical test - Nominal data, Independent groups design, Difference
Chi-square test
719 - Statistical test - Ordinal data, Repeated measures design, Difference
Wilcoxon test
720 - Statistical test - Ordinal data, Repeated measures, Relationship
Spearman's
721 - Statistically Significant
Referring to differences in data sets that are larger than chance variation would predict
722 - Statistically, for every dollar a white man earns, a white woman earns \$0.79, a Black woman earns \$0.62, and a Hispanic/Latina woman earns \$0.54.
intersectionality
723 - Statistician Sir Francis Galton believed that talents were passed down in families. So he would believe in this school of psychology?
Functionalist
724 - Statistics
Branch of mathematics that is concerned with the collection and interpretation of data from samples.
725 - Status refers to:
a person's position in the hierarchy of a group
726 - Staying up all night to read all the material for a big exam in the morning is an example of:
massed practice.
727 - Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on:
the circadian rhythm
728 - Steele (1997)
stereotyping threat
729 - Stem cells were first discovered from embryos where?
University of Wisconsin
730 - Stems from a groups' belief that they themselves are good people
in group bias
731 - Stephanie knows that many people believe that women are not as skilled at math as men. When she takes a math test, this awareness causes her to perform below her actual abilities due to
stereotype threat
732 - Stephen phoned out of the blue / black, I haven't spoken to him in over three months! I didn't expect that.
blue
733 - Stephen Wiltshire has a condition in which he has limited mental ability, but has one exceptional skill, such as computation or drawing. This condition is known as:
savant syndrome
734 - Stephen Wiltshire would score poorly on most all traditional intelligence tests, yet he possesses a superior memory that allows him to create amazing murals of cities. Stephen Wiltshire, most would say is an example of a(n)
savant
735 - Steps of Scientific Research
All of the above
736 - Stereotyping is.....
the process of putting people into groups that we assume share the same characteristics.
737 - Sternberg has identified three types of intelligence: practical, analytical, and .....
creative
738 - Sternberg identified three types of intelligences we all have to varying degrees. What are the three
practical, analytical, creative
739 - Sternberg proposed which of the following theories?
Triarchic Theory
740 - Sternberg's three part intelligence theory includes all of the following except:
Musical Thinking
741 - Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of intelligence identifies these three areas of intelligence:
practical, analytical, creativity
742 - Steve Buscemi lost his job during the recession and then lost his home. Now he has to hope that he can find a shelter to stay at each night until he gets back on his feet. What level on need is he lacking?
Safety and Security
743 - Steve shows symptoms of both ADHD and anxiety simultaneously. His conditions are.....
comorbid
744 - Stimulation at a point on which of the following may cause a person to report being touched on the knee?
somatosensory cortex
745 - Stimulation of the cheek will cause a newborn to begin making sucking responses. This illustrates the __________ reflex?
rooting
746 - Stimuli for the Somesthesis system:
All of the above
747 - stimuli that are near to each other tend to be perceived as group/unit
proximity/nearness
748 - stimuli that are similar in size, shape, color, or texture tend to be perceived as a group/unit
similarity
749 - Stimuli that is gathered by the senses and stored very briefly is placed in ..... memory.
Sensory memory
750 - stimuluis that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
751 - Stimulus is
event that activates behaviour
752 - Stimulus or event the follows a response and increased the likelihood that the response will be repeated
reinforcement
753 - Stimulus such as money that becomes reinforcing through its link with a primary reinforcer
Secondary reinforcer
754 - stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned.
Unconditioned Stimulus
755 - Stimulus that causes an automatic response
unconditioned stimulus
756 - Stimulus that encourages a behavior by meeting an organism's basic biological needs.
Primary reinforcer
757 - stimulus that has no effect on the desired response
neutral stimilus
758 - Stimulus that is naturally rewarding such as food or water
primary reinforcer
759 - Stimulus-response learning is a good example of.....
Environmental reductionism
760 - STM has a capacity of
5- 9 items
761 - Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates:
Overconfidence
762 - Storage capacity of .....memory is small: around 7 plus or minus 2 items. Zip codes, phone numbers, and most passwords are consistent with 7+/-2 items.(Member to feed your cat!)
working
763 - Storage is to encoding as ..... is to .....
retention; acquisition
764 - Storing information in a way that it can be stored in the Brain is know in Psychology as
Encoding
765 - Storing memories for ..... periods of time, such as your first day of school or recalling your favorite childhood movie is what type of memory?
Long-Term
766 - Strategies for encoding, storing, and retaining information
Mnemonics
767 - strategies for improving learning:
All of the above
768 - strategy for storing information in which broad concepts divided are subdivided into narrower concepts and facts
hierarchies
769 - strategy for storing information in which you organize items info into familiar or manageable units
chunking
770 - Stream of Conscious Thought
random thoughts as they come and go from our minds
771 - Stress at work is know as?
Occupational stress
772 - Stress can be caused by which of the following? (choose all that apply)
All of the above
773 - Stress is perceived imbalance between a persons?
physical and psychological demands
774 - Stresses human capacity for self-fulfillment, importance of consciousness, self-awareness, and capacity to make choice s.
Humanistic Perspective
775 - Stresses on the Importance of the Unconscious mind on the way persons acts or behave?
Psychoanalysis
776 - Stresses the human capacity for self-fulfillment and the importance of consciousness, self-awareness, and the capacity to make choice s.
Humanistic Perspective
777 - Strokes most commonly occur in the
right parietal lobe
778 - Strong Believer in Structuralism
Edward Titchener
779 - structuralism
concerned with discovering the basic elements of consciousness
780 - Structuralists called their method of self-observation?
Introspection
781 - Structure containing taste receptors
Taste buds
782 - Student of James, became the first female president of the APA. Earned a doctorate degree but Harvard refused to grant it because of her gender.
Mary Whiton Calkins
783 - Student that can be taught by encouraging them to say and see words and read books.
Verbal Linguistic
784 - student under William James who should have earned her Ph.D. from Harvard; Harvard denied her the degree she had earned, offering her a degree from Radcliffe College, which she refused the degree; she became a memory researcher and the American Psychologi
Mary Calkins
785 - Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Students quickly respond to the music in the same way they did to the
Acquisition
786 - Students are randomly designated by experimenters as likely to experience significant jumps in academic test scores in the coming semester, & this designation is communicated to their teachers. when actual test scores are examined at the end of the semest
self fulfilling prophecy
787 - Students are timed to complete 20 multiplication questions, then the teacher finds the mean time taken.What level of measurement is this?
Ratio
788 - Students get extra credit for every 10th time they raise their hand. What kind of schedule of reinforcement is this?
Fixed ratio
789 - Students stand in groups waiting for someone to unlock their classroom. The people in each group are able to attend to the voices in their own conversation group and screen out the voices in others. This is an example of ______________?
selective listening
790 - Students that can be taught by observing their surroundings, using a microscope, and sorting materials
Naturalist
791 - Students that can be taught by turning lessons/concepts into lyrics or rhythms.
Musical
792 - Students that can be taught through group activities, dialogues/debates, and class discussions
Interpersonal
793 - Students that can be taught through independent study and introspection.
Intrapersonal
794 - Students that can be taught through logic games, investigations, mysteries.
Logical Mathematical
795 - Students that can be taught using drawings, pictures, or other types of images
Visual Spatial
796 - Students watched a cartoon either alone or with others and then rated how funny they found the cartoon to be. What is the Dependent variables?
How funny the cartoon is
797 - Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of
a positive correlation
798 - Students who have high intelligence in in this way can be taught with role playing exercises, physical activity, and hands-on practice.
Bodily Kinesthetic
799 - Students who restudy course material at the end of a semester in order to pass the AP final exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of
the spacing effect
800 - Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass the AP Psychology Exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of
The spacing effect
801 - Studied consciousness using the technique of introspection, studying your own thoughts.
Wilhelm Wundt
802 - Studied flaws in memory reconstruction process including misinformation effect
Elizabeth Loftus
803 - Studied learned helplessness with dogs and the father of Positive Psychology
Martin Seligman
804 - Studied operant conditioning techniques
F. Skinner
805 - Studied operant conditioning techniques; behavior controlled by consequences and rewards
F. Skinner
806 - Studied rats in a maze and demonstrated latent learning- rats seemed to develop a cognitive map of the maze which only became apparent when there was an incentive to demonstrate the knowledge.
Edward Tolman
807 - Studied salivation responses in dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
808 - Studied the absolute threshold which is the lowest level of stimulation that a person can consciously detect 50% of the time
Fechner
809 - Studied theory of attachment in infant monkeys (contact comfort matters most!)
Harry Harlow
810 - Studies by Keller and Marian Breland found that many animals exhibit instinctive drift what does this mean
The animals studied would learn skills through reinforcement but eventually revert to their genetically controlled patterns of behavior
811 - Studies by Loftus, in which people were quizzed about a film of a car crash, indicate that
people's recall may easily be affected by misleading info
812 - Studies have shown ..... between exposure to media violence and aggression in children.
a correlation
813 - Studies have shown that high achievers prefer to be associated with
experts who help them achieve
814 - Studies have shown that musical ability may be linked to
spatial reasoning ability
815 - Studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
community psychology
816 - Studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
psychodynamic psychology
817 - Studies indicate that if a specific group of people have a negative stereotype reinforced before taking an assessment, it can have a negative impact on their performance.
Stereotype Threat
818 - Studies of crowding have found that crowding ____________?
Can intensify feelings
819 - Studies on maturation and learning have indicated ______________?
That environmental stimulation may effect growth
820 - Studies on obese individuals indicate
they respond to external cues to eat
821 - Studies show that an "authoritarian family" tends to produce an adolescent who is ___________?
Dependent and obedient
822 - Studies show that you are more likely to enhance (improve) a memory if you are retrieving it rather than simply re-reading it.
Testing Effect
823 - Studies suggest that there is a positive correlation between intelligence and the
neural processing speed in the brain.
824 - Studies that focus on participants' willingness to do what another asks them to do. Stanley Milgram's experiement is an example
obedience studies
825 - studies the behavior strongly influenced by rules and expectations of specific social groups and cultures
sociocultural approach
826 - Studies the changes that occur throughout a person's life span.
Developmental Psychologist
827 - Studies the influence of biology on behavior:
Biological Perspective
828 - Studies the influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior and mental processes
Sociocultural Perspective
829 - Studies the relative power and limits of genetic & environmental influences on behavior.
behavior genetics
830 - Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
clinical psychology
831 - Study human thinking, with a focus on such topics as perception, language, attention, problem-solving, memory, judgment and decision making, forgetting, and intelligence.
cognitive
832 - Study of abnormal behavior and psychopathology. This specialty area is focused on research and treatment of a variety of mental disorders and is linked to psychotherapy and clinical psychology
Abnormal psychology
833 - Study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality Domain
834 - Study of change
Developmental Psychology
835 - Study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
Cognitive psychology
836 - Study of gender difference is the subject matter of _________?
Developmental Psychology
837 - Study of how biology influences behavior
biopsychology
838 - Study of how people behave and why
Psychology
839 - study of how people influence others' behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes
social psychology
840 - Study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
educational psychology
841 - Study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
social-cultural psychology
842 - Study of how the mind processes information & focuses on how people think is which perspective?
Cognitive
843 - study of human and animal behavior
psychology
844 - Study of human and animal behavior and mental processes.
Psychology
845 - Study of one individual in great detail.
case study
846 - STUDY OF ORIGINS, HAS TO DO WITH WHY A DISORDER BEGINS AND INCLUDES BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
ETIOLOGY
847 - study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique
Personality psychology
848 - Study of people's tendencies to make correct judgments in detecting the presence of a stimuli
signal detection theory
849 - STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
ALL OF THE ABOVE
850 - Study of the biological bases of behavior
Physiological Psychology
851 - Study of the evolution of behavior and the mind
evolutionary psychology
852 - Study of the purpose that mental processes serve and how people adapt to their environment.
Functionalism
853 - Study on conformity (line judgment task)
Solomon Asch
854 - Study the human thought process. Examine how people process and store info. Language, decision-making, deductive reasoning, problem-solving
Cognitive Domain
855 - Study the math-related methods used to acquire psychological knowledge.
psychometric and quantitative psychologists
856 - Study the psychological factors that are influenced by, participation in sports and other physical activities.
Sports Psychologists
857 - Studying for a test in the same room in which it will be held may result in a better grade because of
context-dependent memory
858 - Studying for the psychology test to avoid getting a poor grade.
Negative Reinforcement
859 - Studying historical patient records is an example of which research method?
Archival Research
860 - Studying how people interact during a group project.
Basic Psychology
861 - Studying how people vary in levels of anxiety, self-esteem or appraisal represents a(n) ..... approach to study personality psychology.
individual differences
862 - Studying how the placement of dials and levers on a machine will best reduce worker fatigue and errors.
Applied Psychology
863 - Studying in small bursts over a period of time.
spacing effect
864 - studying salvation in dogs is .....
Classical conditioning
865 - Studying something regularly over several days
Distributed Learning
866 - Studying the road map before her trip, Colleen had no trouble following the route of the highway she planned to travel. Colleen's ability illustrates the principle of:
Continuity
867 - Studying the stories or personal accounts of people:
narrative analysis
868 - Studying to avoid bad grade is an example of __________________?
negative reinforcement
869 - Studying to avoid bad grade is an example of ___________________?
negative reinforcement
870 - Studying two variables and their relationship together is an example of:
Correlational Data
871 - subgroups in the population are represented equally in the sample.
stratified sampling
872 - Subjective data is ....., whereas objective data is ..... .
opinion based ; measurable against criteria
873 - Subjective data is.....
Mainly based on personal opinion
874 - subjectivity
the quality of being based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions
875 - Subjects that require no incentive because the children are already interested in the subject
Intrinsic motivation
876 - Subliminal means
below threshold
877 - Subliminal references which of the follwoing?
information processed ata subconscious level
878 - Sudden awareness solution to a problem
insight
879 - Sue ate her hamburger and salad rapidly, and entered the conversation at the table only once during the meal.
Observation
880 - Sue's dog smells really bad, everybody seems to notice but her. She is so used to the stench that she no longer notices it, this is called .....
Sensory adaptation
881 - Sufferers exhibit overly dramatic behavior
Histrionic Personality Disorder
882 - Sufferers feel constantly persecuted
Paranoid Personality Disorder
883 - Sufferers may be overly concerned with certain thoughts/performing certain behaviors
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
884 - Sufferers rely too much on the attention and help of others
Dependent Personality Disorder
885 - Sufferers see themselves as the center of the universe
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
886 - suffix that denotes "scientific study of"
887 - Suggested rules for acting responsible and morally when conducting research.
ethics
888 - suggestible
easily influenced; susceptible
889 - Suggests that if you can get people to agree to a small request, they will become more likely to agree to a follow up request that is larger
foot in the door strategy
890 - Superior memory for rap lyrics that include the most rhymes best illustrates the value of
acoustic encoding
891 - Supervisors should not shun opportunities to supervise because of fears of liability. Rather, the informed, conscientious supervisor is protected by knowledge of ethical standards and a process that allows standards to be met consistently. The sentence ab
Liability
892 - Suppose that psychosurgery is tried to remedy the incontrollable violent behavior of a convicted serial murderer. Which brain structure should probably be operated on?
amygdala
893 - Suppose that you are viewing two objects at different distances in the same line of vision. What can you determine about these objects by moving your head back and forth?
which object is closer
894 - Suppose that your psychology class meets after your biology class. When something you learn in your biology class disrupts your memory for something you learned in your psychology class, it is an example of:
proactive interference
895 - surpass
to exceed
896 - surplus theory denotes
surplus energy
897 - Survey
An inexpensive and quick method of gaining information about people's opinions, attitudes, and perceptions.
898 - Survey results are likely to be more reliable if they are given on the condition of .....
anonymity
899 - Susan and Lee were in a conflict. Susan claimed she would give up part of her interests if Lee gave up part of his. This is an example of what type of conflict management style?
Compromising
900 - Susie loves the new song, What do you Mean, by Justin Bieber. So much so, that she can't remember any of his previous hit songs. This type of interference is known as
Retroactive interference
901 - Suspending a basketball player for committing a flagrant foul. Type of learning?
Operant Conditioning
902 - Suzie is classically conditioned to be afraid of violins because every time they are presented, they are followed by a loud unpleasant noise. Then, a violin is presented ten times without the noise and she stops showing a fearful response. Of what concept
extinction
903 - Sven is a native to Sweden. He is having trouble learning English due to his tendency to apply Swedish words to his English. This type of interference is known as
Proactive Interference
904 - Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami
Five basic tastes
905 - Swiss psychologist who developed the inkblot test(projective test)
David Rorschach
906 - Swiss Psychologist, ....., theorized that you can predict differences in people's behavior if you know how they prefer to use their mind.
Carl Jung
907 - switch board operator in the brain for all senses except smell
thalamus
908 - Sydney sustained a head injury while playing a hockey game and had to be taken to the hospital. When questioned by the doctor, she could not remember anything about the game or the day before. This is an example of:
Retrograde amnesia
909 - Sydney's grandpa is 80. She is constantly amazed by his ability to remember past events, history facts, and his vocabulary is so vast. These things are an examples of
crystallized intelligence
910 - Symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data
normal curve
911 - Sympathetic nervous system responses include
Increased Heart Rate
912 - Symptoms of stress are (choose all that apply)
All of the above
913 - Synaesthesia is a type of:
perceptual abnormality
914 - Synaptogenesis
starts before birth
915 - Synesthesia is a phenomenon that has been estimated to occur in only a few people in a million. Because of its rarity, which is the most likely method researchers will use to study it?
Case study
916 - Syntax
the system of rules for putting words in order
917 - Syntax is
the form in which words are combined to make grammatical sentences
918 - System composed of hormones and glands that transmit chemical messages to control most bodily functions:
Endocrine System
919 - System in which individuals are paid to act appropriately.
Token Economy
920 - System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.
scientific method
921 - Systematic application of learning principles to change people's actions and feelings
behavior modification
922 - Systematic desensitization is used in treatment of ___________?
Phobias
923 - SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION AND MEASUREMNET OF PSYCHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS IN AN INDIVIDUAL PRESENTING WITH A POSSIBLE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER.
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
924 - Tabula Rasa was given by-
John Locke
925 - Tad lives in South Korea. He says his promotion was due to the excellent team is works with. When Tad lost a client last year, he blamed his inability to move the case quickly for this professional setback. What is this an example of?
Self-Effacing Bias
926 - takes pictures of soft tissues
MRI
927 - Takes place in the environment in which the target behavior normally occurs
Naturalistic Observation
928 - Taking a nap in the afternoon makes people more focused for the rest of the day. What is the Independent variable?
Time spent napping in the afternoon.
929 - taking a tally of how many times students check their phone during class and presenting it in a table would be an example of
a Frequency table
930 - Taking away a favorite game
negative punishment
931 - Taking brief photographic images for your memory
Iconic Memory
932 - Taking in new information and fitting it into existing schemas
Assimilation
933 - Taking into account the meaning of the colors in movies, what can you feel when you look at this picture?
Harmony
934 - Taking sensory information and turning it into meaningful patterns is referred to as.....
Information processing model
935 - Taking the first letter of each item into a list that can be remembered is a memory strategy known as:
acronyms
936 - Taking this quiz right now is an example of what?
Testing effect
937 - Taking your feelings out on someone or something else when unable to express those feelings on the one who is causing them.
displacement
938 - Taking your own thoughts and putting them on other people.
Projection
939 - Tamara normally feeds her cat canned cat food. She noticed that every time she uses her electric can opener, her cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus?
The sound of the electric can opener
940 - Tamika hates the bitter taste of her cough syrup. Which of the following would she find most helpful in minimizing the syrup's bad taste?
Holding her nose while taking the cough syrup
941 - Tamika learned how to ride a bike when she was 6 years old, but when asked to explain how she balances the bike she is unable to do so. All of the following explains why Tamika cannot explain this skill EXCEPT:
The skill of riding the bike is only accessed through conscious processing.
942 - Tanya is often late to work. She is not exhibiting the desired behavior; her manager will most likely use
shaping to guide the employee to learn the desired behavior.
943 - Target wants to describe the average amount spent by shoppers on holiday gifts. Which measure of central tendency are they most likely to use?
mean
944 - Tarot card reading, palm reading, astrology, and other phony or unscientific forms of psychology, which pretend to be the real thing:
Pseudo-psychology
945 - Taste & smell trigger
chemical receptors
946 - Taste and smell are both what kind of senses?
chemical
947 - Taste and smell produce flavor- this is
sensory interaction
948 - Taste depends __________?
Only on one’s taste buds
949 - Taste receptors renew every:
10 days.
950 - Taste, sight, hearing, touch, smell
our 5 senses and important to structuralism
951 - Taught the 1st Psychology Class in America (at Harvard)
William James
952 - Teacher can't always respond effectively to problem .....
behavior
953 - Teacher carefully monitors and records the behaviors of children on school playgrounds in order to track the developmental of their physical skills. He is most clearly engaged in ___________?
naturalistic observation
954 - Teachers must think about effective planning spaces in class. Horizontal raws are effective.....(mark the correct option).
In independent work time or in pairs
955 - Teachers will get students to study more by offering extra credit.
Behavioral perspective
956 - Teaching is based upon the mastery of
All of the above
957 - Team Cohesion is:
The degree of how much a team member wants to get involved with the team and care much about team outcomes.
958 - Technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group
survey
959 - Technique in which the desired behavior is molded by first rewarding any act similar to that behavior and then requiring closer approximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward
Shaping
960 - Technique, used by STRUCTURALISTS, that attempted to look inward at elements that made up the conscious experience.
Introspection
961 - techniques of memorizing information by forming vivid associations or images, which facilitate recall and decrease forgetting
mnemonic devices
962 - Techniques used to improve memory.
Mnemonic
963 - Ted is friendly and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. He loves to tell jokes at parties. Ted probably obtains high scores on ..... and ..... of the Big Five traits?
agreeableness; extraversion
964 - Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the __________________ stage of language development?
two-word
965 - Temporary decrease in sensitivity to a stimulus that occurs when stimulation is unchanging. (nose blindness - like when you don't notice a musty smell after a few minutes)
sensory adaptation
966 - tendency for an animal's behaviorto revert to genetically controlled patterns
instinctive drift
967 - Tendency for extreme or unusual scores or events to fall back toward the average
regression toward the mean
968 - tendency for individuals to thing that others are observing them more closely than they actually are
spotlight effect
969 - tendency for people who won't agree to a large task, but then agree when a smaller request is made
door-in-the-face phenomenon
970 - Tendency for some groups to make bad decisions. Occurs when group members suppress their reservations about the ideas supported by the group
group think
971 - tendency of people to alter their behavior as a result of group pressure
conformity
972 - tendency of people to engage uncharacteristic behavior when they are stripped of their usual identities
deindividuation
973 - Tendency of people to feel less responsibility for accomplishing a task when the task is shared by members of a group.
Diffusion of Responsibility
974 - tendency to attribute one's own behavior to outside causes but attribute the behavior of others to internal causes
actor-observer bias
975 - Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
hindsight bias
976 - Tendency to explain your behavior with external factors while explaining the behavior of others with internal factors
Actor-Observer Bias
977 - tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group
in-group bias
978 - tendency to group objects that appear to follow in the same direction as a single unit or figure
continuity
979 - tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other people's behavior
fundamental attribution error
980 - tendency to perceive reality from a particular frame of reference
perceptual sets (schema)
981 - Tendency to second guess a decision after the event has happened.
Hindsight Bias
982 - Tendency to seek information that confirms rather than discredits one's current beliefs
Confirmation bias
983 - tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypotheses and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them
Confirmation Bias
984 - tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them
Belief Perseverance
985 - Tendency to take more credit for good outcomes than the bad ones
self serving bias
986 - tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar
out-group homogeneity
987 - Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations.
hypothesis
988 - Teresa had some pizza with friends last night. She tried the pizza with olives even though she never has had them. The next morning she was feeling a little nauseated. She will most likely blame
the olives
989 - Term for the bodies internal biological clock
Circadian Rhythm
990 - Term for the general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized?
scientific method
991 - Term for when our eyes, ears, etc., create neural messages in the brain, and our initial experience of some stimulus (smell, taste, noise, etc.)
Sensation
992 - Term n-ach was introduced by_____________?
None of these
993 - Terman of Standford University brought out a revision of Binet's test in
1916
994 - Terman’s study of gifted children would be considered __________________?
latitudinal
995 - Test designed to assess our potential for /ability to learn
aptitude test
996 - Test is administered be it individual or groups
Psychological Testing
997 - Test that assesses how much we know about a topic/subject area
achievement test
998 - Test that provides separate verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed scores, as well as overall intelligence score
Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WAIS, WISC, etc)
999 - Testable prediction
hypothesis
1000 - testable prediction derived from a scientific theory
Hypothesis
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