1 - nearsightedness caused by a refractive error due to an abnormally long eye in which the retinal image is blurred because the focal point of one or both eyes lies in front of, rather than on, the retina.
Myopia
2 - Nearsightedness is a condition in which the:
Eyeball is longer than normal
3 - Neauropsychology deals with
Neurological changes
4 - Ned uses questionnaires to collect data. His method of data collection is :
Survey
5 - Nedra is a split-brain patient. As she fixates on a spot in the middle of her vision, a picture of a dog is flashed to her left visual field and a picture of a rabbit is flashed to her right visual field. Which of the following will she be able to do?
Verbally report that she saw a rabbit.
6 - Need, drive and incentive deleted to?
Motivation
7 - Need, drive and incentive related to?
Motivation
8 - Needs ..... is crucial if the hospital is to deliver effective health care.
assessment
9 - needs having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding
cognitive
10 - Needs relating to confidence and self-image. Can only be meet after physiological, safety, and love & belonging needs are met.
Esteem needs
11 - negative behavior toward members of outgroups
discrimination
12 - Negative reinforcement ..... the rate of a response; punishment ..... the rate of a response.
Increases; decreases
13 - Negative reinforcement and punishment
have opposite effects on behavior.
14 - Negative reinforcement of unwanted behaviors or events
Punishments
15 - Nerve cells are also called what?
neurons
16 - NERVES LEADING TO AND FROM THE BRAIN
PNS
17 - Nerves that form the communication network between the Central Nervous System (CNS), and other areas throughout the body:
Peripheral Nervous System
18 - Neta cuts her arms when overwhelmed by emotion, abruptly changes from laughter to anger, and needs constant reassurance from others to feel any sense of self worth. She most likely has ..... disorder.
Borderline Personality
19 - Neural process involved when memories are recalled and then stored again for retrieval
Reconsolidation
20 - Neurogenesis
is the production of new nerve cells.
21 - Neurons are:
long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain.
22 - Neurons communicate across the synapse by means of neurotransmitters, which bind to special proteins on the postsynaptic membrane, like a key fitting into a lock. In this analogy, the neurotransmitter is the key and the ..... is the lock.
neural receptor
23 - Neurons generally cannot fire at rates exceeding 100 impulses per second. This maximum firing rate can be largely attributed to ____________?
absolute refractory periods
24 - Neurons have some similarities with other cells in the human body. Which of the following characteristics is seen in neurons, but not in most other cells?
The ability to transmit signals to other cells
25 - Neurons that carry messages between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system
Interneuron
26 - Neurons that carry signals from Central Nervous System to muscles
Motor Neuron
27 - Neurons that fire in response to specific edges, lines, angles, and movements are called what?
feature detectors
28 - Neurons that send signals from the brain to glands and muscles
efferent
29 - Neuroscience deals with how the body and brain enable
emotions
30 - neurotransmitter that promotes (gas pedal) action potentials. Arousing or accelerating physiological
excitatory
31 - Neurotransmitters are ..... that travel across the ..... to another cell.
chemicals; synapse
32 - Neutral stimulus is?
a stimulus that does not naturally cause a response in the organism
33 - Never Eat Soggy Waffles is a good technique for remembering North, South, East and West. What is this technique called?
mnemonic
34 - New workers at McDonald's are required to complete an employee-training program to improve the work efficiency and compete for healthy competitions. This program may have been implemented by which type of psychologist?
Industrial/Organization psychologist
35 - New workers at McDonald's are required to complete an employee-training program. This program may have been designed and implemented by which type of psychologist?
educational psychologist
36 - Nick wanted to see how high an ice cube would float in different temperatures of water. Identify the dependent variable.
height of ice cube
37 - Nick, being a gentleman, helped an old lady cross a busy street. She gave Nick \$10.00 for his helpThis is an example of:
Operant Conditioning (positive reinforcement)
38 - Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on ....., while daylight and color vision depend mainly on .....
rods, cones
39 - Nils, watching a gruesome horror film, protects himself from feeling stress by blocking out the feelings associated with the scenes. This is an example of the coping strategy called
intellectualization
40 - Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by
an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules.
41 - Noam Chomsky posited that humans have a unique, inborn ability to understand the structure of language and to apply this to language learning. Chomsky called this the _______________?
language acquisition device
42 - Noam Chomsky's language theory included the idea that:
Children have an innate mental grammar
43 - Noam Chomsky's theory of language acquisition holds that people have an inborn universal grammar that makes learning of language easy for children. Which of the following statements is used as support for this theory?
Regardless of the language learned, children tend to make similar errors of grammar when they first begin to learn language.
44 - Norm Triplett, an early social psychologist to whom the origin of research and academics in sport and exercise psychology is traced back to, tested his hypothesis with children and what task?
reeling in a fishing line
45 - Normal development of the human brain involves the birth and death of brain cells.
Correct
46 - Normal Distribution/Curve
A special frequency polygon, shaped like a bell, in which the scores are symmetrically distributed around the mean, and the mean, median, and mode are all located on the same point on the curve with scores decreasing as the curve extends from the mean
47 - Norms are
implicit or explicit rules that apply to all members of the group that govern acceptable behavior and attitudes.
48 - Norms are influenced by __________?
All of the above
49 - Norms can best be described as _________________________?
standard and expectations shared by the members of a society
50 - Not a Goal of Psychological enquiry
Discussion
51 - Not a monocular cue for depth is _________________?
convergence
52 - NOT a primary taste sensation
peppery
53 - Not actually experiencing an event but creating an idea in your mind of how it may have happened.
Confabulation
54 - Not among stimulus cues that can aid perception of depth is ___________________?
convergence
55 - Not among the major brain division is ____________?
reticular activating system
56 - Not being able to recall events
Amnesia
57 - Not being able to remember an old phone number because you can only remember the new one is an example of:
Reteroactive interference
58 - Not being able to remember new information from short-term to long-term memory is called .....
Consolidation
59 - Not being able to remember your new boyfriend's name and you keeping calling them by your old boyfriend's name is an example of:
Proactive interference
60 - Not being able to remember your new postcode because you always think of your last one is an example of.....?
Proactive interference
61 - Not having to do the dishes if you take out the trash is an example of what?
Negative Reinforcement
62 - Not having to worry about your health, job, or being attacked are related to this level of needs.
Safety and Security
63 - Not helping someone in a crowded area because you assume someone else is more qualified is best described as:
diffusion of responsibility
64 - Not throwing away your dog leash and dog collar after your dog died, because you are hoping he comes back is an example of which defense mechanism?
Denial
65 - Nothing about our conscious experience is influenced by our unconscious thoughts and processes.
Incorrect
66 - Noticing a stimulus at least 50% of the time is which of the following?
absolute threshold
67 - Noting what an individual does every 5 minutes for 30 seconds is an example of.....?
Time Sampling
68 - Nowadays, teaching is becoming more and more
Learner-centred
69 - numerical data that allow one to generalize- to infer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population
inferential statistics
70 - Numerical data that allows one to generalize the probability of something being true of a population
inferential statistics
71 - Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups
desriptive statistics
72 - numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation.
descriptive statistics
73 - Nurture/Environments can influence IQs by as much as 25 points. This is called the
Reaction Range of Intelligence
74 - Nurture's influences on brain development include:
Infections
75 - Obedience involves
following the commands of someone in authority
76 - Obedience refers to:
a person following a direct command.
77 - Object assembly, picture arrangement, and block design are three performance subtests of the
WAIS
78 - Object permanence can be defined as:
Objects continuing to exist even after they have left our perception.
79 - Object permanenceMoving objectsSenses world through images and motion
Sensormotor
80 - Objective data is.....
Only (A) & (B)
81 - objectivity
the quality of being based on or influenced by reason and facts
82 - Objects far away appear small. You are not confused by this because your brain perceives
Constancy
83 - Observable behavior is ..... .
Anything that you can see, hear, or experience with the senses
84 - Observation or perspective
Perception
85 - Observation where observer joins the group being observed.
Participant
86 - Observation where person is aware of being observed.
Overt
87 - Observation where the person is studied in a natural situation, and everything is left as it is.....
Natural
88 - Observational learning consists of
All of the Above
89 - Observational learning with the Bobo doll study
Albert Bandura
90 - Observations like one in Schachter & Singer's study may contain observer's .....
subjectivity
91 - Observations, like measurements, are ..... observations
quantitiative
92 - Observations, like the color or texture of an object, are ..... observations.
qualitative
93 - Observed the behavior of individuals and began taking notes and finding patterns.
Aristotle
94 - Observing a small selection of an interaction (5 minutes or less) and being able to accurately determine emotions and attitudes of the people/person
thin slicing
95 - observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Natural Observation
96 - Observing one person over a long period of time is called a(n) ..... This type of study is not always the best choice to draw conclusions, as it is not representative of the larger population.
case study
97 - Observing the way people eat ina restaurants is an example of
naturalistic observation
98 - Observing users interacting within the situation and making notes
Primary Research
99 - Obsessive-compulsive behavior, panic, and phobias are formally classified as ..... disorders.
Anxiety
100 - Occipital lobe is located in ___________?
none of these
101 - Occupies 40-60% of total sleep time; the "baseline of sleep"
Stage 2
102 - occurs when a strong stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioined stimulus
higher-order conditioing
103 - Occurs when an individual's old response becomes attached to a new stimulus.
Classical Conditioning
104 - Occurs when misleading information is incorporated into one's memory after an event. For example a police officers leading question could alter your memory.
Misinformation Effect
105 - Occurs when participants show some kind of change although they have not received active treatment
Placebo Effect
106 - Occurs when people think carefully about a message & are influenced because they find the arguments compelling
central route persuasion
107 - occurs when the brain computes information step-by-step in a methodical and linear matter
serial processing
108 - Odd one out - which one of these was not one of the games played?
football
109 - Odd uses of language, make up own words, string together series of nonsense words that rhyme.
Disorganized Schizophrenia
110 - Odors are detected by the ..... membrane in each nostril.
Olfactory
111 - Of the following one is not a measure of retention ?
Recall
112 - Of the following psychologists, who described the identity crisis as a major problem faced by the adolescent?
Erikson
113 - Of the following schools of thought, which emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes?
psychoanalytic
114 - Of the following tests, the most suitable for determining the IQ of most 12-year-old is the ___________________?
WISC
115 - Of the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the strongest relationship between the two variables being measured is
-0.89
116 - Of the following, which is possible cause of dementia?
all of the above
117 - Of the following, which test is the most widely used intelligence test today?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
118 - Of the following, who is a humanistic psychologist?
Abraham Maslow
119 - Of the following, who is associated with the Behaviorist school of psychology?
Watson
120 - Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?
Max Wertheimer
121 - Of the following, who was a behaviorist?
F Skinner
122 - Of the following, who was a functionalist?
William James
123 - Of the following, who was a structuralist?
Wilhelm Wundt
124 - Of the four distinct skin senses, the only one that has definable receptors is:
Pressure
125 - Of the four memory codes, this method involves the use of encoding stimuli by movement.
Kinesthetic
126 - Of which school of human behavior, Abraham Maslow is a chief proponent?
humanist
127 - Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypothesis. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence
discuss
128 - Often referred to as the Father of Psychology
Wilhem Wundt
129 - Often we see studies that have sampling bias. In that case, we can say that the study has poor
Population validity
130 - Old pattern of problem solving is applied to a new problem. It predisposes how we think
mental set
131 - Old theories can be replaced by new theories without greater explanatory power.
FALSE
132 - 'Older people will spend significantly more time doing sporting activities in a week than younger people.' What sort of hypothesis is this?
One-tailed alternative
133 - Olfaction refers to which sense?
Smell
134 - Olfactory nerve is a part of the
Smell sense
135 - Oliver asks his girlfriend Melody if she doesn't mind that Sarah, his ex girlfriend attends their movie date together. Melody was hoping for some "alone time" but agrees to have her along because she doesn't want to upset her boyfriend. This can be best d
Conformity
136 - Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Omar is paid \$1.00 for every 5 calls he makes, while Patrick is paid \$1.00 for every subscription he sells. Omar is paid on a ..... schedule while Patrick is paid on a ..... schedule.
fixed ratio; variable ratio
137 - On a ..... schedule , reinforcements are provided only after a certain number of correct responses have been made.
Fixed - ratio
138 - On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any lines or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line an
Functional fixedness
139 - On a hot summer day in July, Rob was fueling up his new car with gas. He reflected on the hot summer day two years ago in which he ran out of gas on the highway. What type of memory is this for Rob?
Episodic; Hippocampus; Explicit
140 - On a MRI, the area of the brain that shows activity during an insightful moment occurs in the .....
right parietal lobe
141 - On a normal distribution, if the mean is 80, and the standard deviation is 20, what is the range of scores that will fall within one standard deviation of the mean?
60 - 100
142 - On a plane, the gentleman sitting next to you asks a number of questions about exercise, nutrition, and health. He says that he does not currently exercise, but he has been thinking about joining a gym and asks you for recommendations. Basked on this info
Contemplation
143 - On a recent visit to the doctor, Jasmine was given a painful injection. Since then, Jasmine not only refuses to go to the same doctor, but also will not go to see any doctor or dentist. Jasmine's refusal behaviour is an example of
stimulus generalisation
144 - On a scale of 1-10, how brutal is Mr. Bell for being a monster with you at musical practice?
10
145 - On an IQ test, how many test takers will fall within one standard deviation of the mean?
0.68
146 - On average how many decisions a day does a person make?
35, 000
147 - On average, your short term memory can hold how many "chunks" of information?
3 to 9
148 - On Monday, Tonya asked her teacher to postpone Tuesday's test until Friday. After her teacher flatly refused Tonya asked the teacher to push the test back one day, to Wednesday. Tonya is using the compliance strategy known as
door in the face
149 - On most intelligence tests today, a score of 120 would be:
above the mean score.
150 - On one day at the mall, Dr. Miele conducted a survey that measured the eating habits of people who were 20, 30, 40 and 50, with 10 people in each group. The study was attempting to determine if a high protein diet led to increased muscle mass. Which of th
a cross-sectional study
151 - On the first day of class, Mr. Sharma divides his class into 4 competing groups. On the 5th day of school, Mohit was sent to the principal for kicking members of the other groups. Mr. Sharma can be faulted for encouraging the creation of
out group bias
152 - On the first day of class, Mr. Simpson divides his class into 4 competing groups. On the 5th day of school, Matt was sent to the principal for kicking members of the other groups. Mr. Simpson can be faulted for encouraging the creation of
out group bias
153 - On the first day of Introductory Philosophy class, Nora asks her students to provide a definition of the term critical thinking. Having aced Introductory Psychology last semester, Cassie knows that critical thinking is
the process of assessing claims and making judgments on the basis of well-supported evidence.
154 - On the first day of term, the Australian Politics teacher gave the students a test to assess their prior knowledge. Students had to circle all the previous Australian prime ministers from a group of faces provided. On the last day of term, the teacher gav
recognition and recall
155 - On the mental health continuum, mentally healthy is on the ..... and mental disorder is on the .....
left; right
156 - On their second date, Mary confides in Frank that she still loves to watch Rugrats. He in turn, tells her that he still cries when he watches Bambi. These 2 young lovers will be brought closer together through this process of
self disclosure
157 - On this kind of schedule, reinforcement is available at predetermined times.
fixed interval
158 - On this kind of schedule, reinforcement occurs after a specified quantity of responses
fixed ratio
159 - On this type of schedule, reinforcement occurs after a random number of responses.
variable ratio
160 - On what kind of a reinforcement schedule does a slot machine work?
variable-ratio schedule
161 - On which day did the Ice Cream shop sell the greatest amount of Ice Creams?
Sunday
162 - On which occasion would a researcher use a more stringent level of significance?
Study cannot be repeated
163 - Once a sensory receptor detects a change in the environment, the next step in a reflex is.....
a sensory neuron transmits the nerve impulse to the CNS
164 - Once light enters the eye, the physical energy is not converted into a neural message until it reaches the sensory receptors located on the
retina
165 - Once Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a bell, the bell was a(n)
conditioned stimulus
166 - Once Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of the bell, the bell was a?
conditioned stimulus
167 - Once social change has occured its origins are forgotten by the majority in a process called:
Social cryptomnesia
168 - Once social change has occurred, its origins are forgotten by the process called:
Social cryptomnesia
169 - Once you've reached your full potential in life, Maslow believed you have accomplished the last stage in his Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid. What is the last stage/top of the pyramid called?
Self Actualization
170 - One advantage of a teacher-centred approach is
classroom management is easier
171 - One advantage of a teacher-centred approach is .....
classroom management is easier
172 - One advantage of using an MRI is:
that it produces highly detailed 3D images of the brain
173 - One analysis revealed that pitchers were more likely to hit batters when the previous batter had hit a home run. This best illustrates
the frustration-aggression principle.
174 - One attribute seems to be characteristic of outstanding teachers: intentionality. What do intentional teachers do?
Intentional teachers are those who are constantly thinking about the outcomes they want for their students and about how each decision they make moves children toward those outcomes.
175 - One boy has brown eyes. His twin brother has blue eyes. This information enables a person to conclude that the two ______________?
are fraternal twins
176 - One chicken is injected with a growth hormone while another chicken is not injected with a growth hormone. After one year, both chickens are weighed. What is the dependent variable?
The weight of the chicken
177 - One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ..... personality disorder.
schizoid
178 - One function of the brain stem is:
Autonomic activities
179 - One fundamental assumption of the perception research is that the values of the errors over number of trials will be ..... distributed.
normally
180 - One hallmark of projective tests is that they ____________?
Are multiphase
181 - One individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
case study
182 - One is a bun. Two is a shoe. Three is a tree. Four is a door. This is part of the _____________ method of improving memory?
peg-word
183 - One major issue with the Milgram obedience study and with Watson's early conditioning experiments is that ..... would not have been required because the APA Code of Ethics did not exist.
informed consent
184 - One major objection to early Skinnerian (B.F. Skinner) approach to psychology is that it
Did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings
185 - One of Dr Baressi's patients had damage to the medial temporal lobes in both hemispheres, including both hippocampi. Despite the damage, this person should be able to continue to form new
procedural memories.
186 - One of the "Rules of Netiquette" are to.....
Only (A) & (B)
187 - One of the benefits of ethnography includes:
giving a voice to a culture to express their views, which might not otherwise be heard.
188 - One of the best ways to show you are listening is
using an appropriate amount of eye contact
189 - One of the compliance strategies used when people think they ought to do something nice for someone who had done something nice for them.
compliance strategy/norms of reciprocity
190 - One of the concequences of prejudice is that people may be denied access to resources, this is called.....
Disadvantage
191 - One of the Darwin’s key ideas is that, because of natural selection, animals have an inborn tendency to behave in ways that ____________?
help them to survive and reproduce
192 - One of the earliest and most important color vision theories was formulated by _________________?
Young and Helmholtz
193 - One of the errors of reconstructive memory is an inability to determine where a specific memory originated. This is called .....
source amnesia
194 - One of the first outstandingtheorists to recognize the importanceof the early years was
Freud.
195 - One of the first ways in which infants demonstrate that they have different personalities is in their ....., the behavioral and emotional characteristics that are fairly well established at birth.
Temperament
196 - One of the following is not a method of measuring retention?
Reminiscence
197 - One of the following is not a monocular depth cue ______________?
Relative moment
198 - One of the issues of this academic year is the changing in modality of teaching. A lot of students protested that online class is an option anti-poor.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
199 - one of the main theorists involved was.....
Gordon Allport
200 - One of the major goals of humanistic therapy is to aid the individual in developing ____________?
positive self-concepts
201 - One of the most common ways to study the possible correlation of genetic inheritance and behaviour is through .....
twin research
202 - One of the most effective ways to remember information is to make personal sense of it. This process is called ________________?
elaboration
203 - One of the most famous Humanistic Perspective Psychologists.
Abraham Maslow
204 - One of the most famous of the humanistic psychologists, he came up with the idea of self-actualization.
Abraham Maslow
205 - One of the most important attributes an athlete can have
self-confidence
206 - One of the older areas of the brain.
pons
207 - One of the pioneers of the psychology of perception was ________________?
Helmholtz
208 - One of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia includes .....
hallucinations
209 - One of the three basic memory tasks that involves identifying objects or events that have been encountered before.
Recognition
210 - One of these events was the introduction of a new technology that suggested a new way of describing the operation of the mind. That new technology was the .....
DIgital Computer
211 - One of Wilhelm Wundt's great contributions to Psychology is the idea that this is a universal possession.
Consciousness
212 - One of your friends drinks several martinis while eating pepperoni pizza. After becoming sick, she refuses to eat pepperoni pizza. Type of learning?
Classical Conditioning
213 - One plant is given sunlight every day. Another plant of the same type is not given any sunlight. After 3 weeks, the height of each plant is measured. What is the dependent variable?
How tall the plants are
214 - One principle of research ethics is that researchers must weigh up the potential dangers of the research to participants and ensure that the best interests of participants have the highest priority. This is an explanation of.....
beneficence.
215 - One problem with an independent measures design is that the internal validity can be hindered by.....
participant variables
216 - One problem with the match pairs design is.....
time consuming to set up
217 - One psychological perspective in psychology assumes that perceptions and thoughts influence behavior is
Cognitive
218 - One strategy that you can use to determine if your test has internal reliability is the
split-halves test
219 - One study showed that students do better on tests when they study for a test in the room where the test will be given. What concepts is this an example of?
context-dependent memory
220 - One subject partially blocks your view of a second object and, therefore, the first object is seen as being closer to you than the second object. This is an example of ________________?
interposition
221 - One test to determine if you test has external reliability is the:
test-retest method
222 - One the the key assumptions of this psychological perspective is that adaptive organisms survive and transmit genes to future generations.
evolutionary
223 - One trial learning, Taste Aversion
John Garcia
224 - One way of encoding information to your memory is by mentally taking a picture of the information. This is called:
visual codes
225 - One way to check reliability is by testing the same group of people twice on two separate occasions. This method is called .....
test-retest
226 - One way to reduce inter-group conflict is to establish
superordinate goals.
227 - One would expect an action potential to travel most quickly in _____________?
a long, thick myelinated fiber
228 - One would need at least a(n) ..... degree to serve as a school psychologist.
masters
229 - One's experience or image of oneself, developed through interaction with others:
Self
230 - One's heartbeat is controlled by the
autonomic nervous system
231 - One's heartbeat, breathing, and digestive system is controlled by the
Autonomic NS
232 - only part of the target population.
sample
233 - Open ended questions are which type of data?
Qualitative
234 - Opened 1st Lab to study behavior in scientific way in Leipzig, Germany in 1879?
Wilhelm Wundt
235 - opening in middle of iris where light passes through
pupil
236 - Openness to accept new evidence and admit when we were wrong
humility
237 - Openness to help others like being part of community?
Kagandahang Loob
238 - Operant Conditioning
Skinner
239 - Operant conditioning and reinforcement are the more modern versions of
behaviorism
240 - Operant conditioning focuses on how reinforcement affects this type of behavior
voluntary
241 - Operant conditioning is a learning method that has to do with
Only (A) & (B)
242 - Operant conditioning is also known as
instrumental conditioning
243 - Operant conditioning is associated with
Skinner
244 - Operant Conditioning is under .....
Behavioral Learning Theory
245 - Operant conditioning was studied by
F. Skinner.
246 - Operant conditioning would suggest that a criminal commits crimes because:
they have been rewarded for criminal behaviour in the past
247 - Operational Definition
Very specific definition of a variable, and the process of measurement.
248 - Operational definitions
Clearly lay out the details of our research
249 - Operational definitions are used for which of the following reasons?
They enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing the variables and how they are used.
250 - Operationalization of a construct
means expressing it in terms of observable behaviour
251 - Opinions based on critical thinking are.....
Supported by evidence
252 - Opportunity sampling is.....
Finding people that are most convenient
253 - Opposites attract
FALSE
254 - Optical illusions result from distortion in __________________?
perception
255 - Orange correlates with which feeling?
Optimism
256 - Order effect is one of the limitations of which of the designs:
repeated measures
257 - Order of magnitude calculations is another way of saying:
Make an estimate
258 - Organising the features of a visual scene to perceive a whole, complete form
Gestalt Principles
259 - Organization of items into familiar or manageable units
Chunking
260 - Organization of people's needs based off what needs must be met first.
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
261 - Organization that establishes ethical guidelines to be used in research
APA
262 - organized presentation of information to interpret new information
Schema
263 - organizing bits of information into familiar units
Chunking
264 - Organizing info into smaller units that are easy to recall
Chunking
265 - Organizing information into larger units as a way of improving the efficiency of short-term memory is called
Chunking
266 - Organizing information into meaningful experiences is called which of the following
perception
267 - Organizing information into smaller units that are easy to recall
Chunking
268 - Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.
chunking
269 - organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.
chunking
270 - Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
Chunking
271 - Organizing pieces of information into a smaller number ofmeaningful unites.
Chunking
272 - Organizing the string of letters B-B-C-T-V-C-A-B into BBC-TV-CAB to increase capacity of STM is an example of what?
Chunking
273 - original theory in which Pavlov stated that classical conditioing occured because the conditioned stimulus because the similatr stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus
stimulus substitution
274 - Oscar was lying in bed when he suddenly realized he might deal with a fast approaching deadline at work when his coworker asked how he came up with his idea he said it just came to me out of nowhere psychologist would refer to this as
Insight learning
275 - Other research findings suggest that adolescent character strengths contribute to .....
Well-Being
276 - Other ways to help reduce stress include (choose all that apply)
All of the above
277 - Our ability to fully entrust our heart to god and within wise boundaries to others
Basic trust
278 - Our ability to perceive objects as the same size no matter how far away they are from us is:
Size Constancy
279 - Our ability to perceive spatial relationships in three-dimensional (3-D) space is known as
Depth perception
280 - Our ability to see in three dimensions is known as
depth perception
281 - Our approach to the collection and interpretation of data should be systematic, objective and rational. This is a manifestation of .....
Good thinking
282 - Our average short term memory span is ..... items, plus or minus two.
7
283 - Our awareness of ourselves and our environment is called
Consciousness
284 - Our behavior is a direct result of how we feel about ourselves.
Humanistic perspective
285 - Our behavior is a direct result of the choice s we make
Humanistic perspective
286 - Our consciousness helps us to .....
All of the above
287 - Our expectations, preconceived ideas formed through taste experience on flavour is known as what?
Perceptual set
288 - Our experience of our world is not as simple as the sum total of all of the sensory information together
sensations
289 - Our eyes ability of the lens to buldge to focus on objects close up and then flatten to focus on objects further away is known as the monocular depth cue called.....
Accomodation
290 - Our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fell asleep is most likely due to ____________________?
encoding failure
291 - Our interpretation of an event is called .....
cognitive appraisal.
292 - Our long-term memory capacity is
Essentially limitless
293 - Our memory for facts, such as psych vocabulary.
explicit memory
294 - Our memory for skills, such as riding a bike.
procedural memory
295 - Our mental image that best represents a category is called a.....
Prototype
296 - Our mouth, tongue and throat contains around 10, 000 taste buds. How many taste receptor cells are on each taste bud?
between 10 and 50
297 - our recollections about our last birthday is stored in
episodic memory
298 - Our sense of balance is primarily dependent on activity in ..... in the vestibular system.
Semicircular canals
299 - Our sense of hearing is known as
audition.
300 - Our sense of smell may be a powerful trigger for memories because:
The nerve connecting the olfactory bulb sends impulses directly to the limbic system
301 - Our sense of the position and movement of individual body parts is called
kinethesis
302 - Our short-term memory span is approximately ..... items.
7
303 - Our short-term memory span is approximately ________________ items?
7
304 - Our sleep hormone
Melatonin
305 - Our spoken, written or gestured works and combining them to communicate.
Language
306 - Our tendency to perceive a problem by using past experiences to frame the problem in a certain way is called
Mental sets
307 - our tendency to recall best the first and last items on a list
serial-position effect
308 - Our tendency to see faces in clouds and other ambiguous stimuli is partly based on what perception principle?
Perceptual Set
309 - Out of 40 subjects, ..... obeyed the orders of the experimenter to the end, proceeding to punish the victim.
26
310 - Out of psychology or social work, which career requires a higher level of study to gain a deeper understanding of how the human mind works?
Psychology
311 - outbreak of irrational behavior that is spread by social contagion
mass hysteria
312 - Outcome: Usually, testing yields a test score or series of test scores
Testing
313 - Outcome:It usually entails a logical problem-solving approach that is designed to answer the chief complaint/referral question
Assessment
314 - Outgroup members were more likely to seen as
smart alecs and stinkers
315 - Outliers
Extreme values in a set of data that may throw off the accuracy of the data set as a whole
316 - Outlined the laws of associationism, which are still at the heart of learning theory
Aristotle
317 - Over the summer Mr. Fuller had to do a spinning bat challenge. After spinning around the bat 20 times he lost his balance and fell down right away because his ..... sense was not working.
Vestibular
318 - Overall brain size does not seem to correlate with greater intelligence, but
some brains do have more space devoted to certain regions
319 - overt behaviour means
visible
320 - Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates:
functional fixedness.
321 - Paid participants \$1 or \$20 to lie about their experience, to show effects of cognitive dissonance
Festinger 1957
322 - Pain tolerance is largely a result of the effects of endorphins and other neurochemicals.
Biological
323 - Paloma failed her physics exam! her tells her parents that it's because her teacher does not like her. What is this an example of?
External Attribution
324 - Pam, a wellness professional, allows her client to have one scoop of ice cream for every week that the client sticks to the designed nutrition program. This is an example of:
positive reinforcement.
325 - Panic, sweating, screaming, rapid pulse are all characteristics of.....
Hysteria
326 - Papa Bear comes home angry from a long day at work at the Honey factory and begins to sadly eat his porridge. The porridge is too hot so he screams at Mama Bear who prepared it for him. Baby bear has a friend over, Goldilocks, who witnesses this. Goldiloc
the situation
327 - parallel streams of Psychology
natural and social science
328 - Parasympathetic nervous system symptoms include
Increase in Saliva
329 - Parenting style were the child and parents work together on setting boundaries and rules
Democratic/Authoritative
330 - Parenting style where the child is in charge and parents set few boundaries for the child.
Permissive/Laissez
331 - Parenting style where the child is in control and parents have difficulty setting boundaries.
Permissive/Laisse-faire
332 - Parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive)
Diana Baumrind
333 - Parent-led activities during the "new normal" shows great time for the parents to teach their children to .....
all of the choice s
334 - Parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct
Authoritarian
335 - parents attempting to control and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct is an example of which of the following parenting styles?
Authoritarian
336 - Parents say, "I'm taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry." Parents are using
negative punishment
337 - Parents that allow children and adolescents to participate in decisions affecting their lives are practicing which parenting style?
Democratic/Authoritative
338 - Parents who discourage their children to play sepak takraw, sungka, latsug, and patintero are at what stage of cultural domination?
Denial and withdrawal
339 - Park it is a technique we use to acknowledge a mistake, let it go and then come back to it at the right time. Why is this useful?
Mistakes could frustrate us and move us out of the present moment. As a result, we lose focus and performance goes down. Park it allows us to shift attention to what is most important right now.
340 - Parking inspecters have this type of power
Coercive
341 - Parkinson's disease is characterised by
decreased dopamine production and impaired muscle movements
342 - Part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons
dendrites
343 - part of a stimulus is perceived to stand out as an object, against a less prominent background
figure and ground
344 - part of autonomic nervous, calms you down
Parasympathetic
345 - part of ear that provides equilibrium
semicircular canals
346 - Part of LTM that stores memories of how things are done.
Procedural memory
347 - Part of the limbic system in each hemisphere that is responsible for fear responses and memory of fear.
Amygdala
348 - Part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
349 - Part of the peripheral that controls conscious activities
somatic
350 - Participant bias is otherwise called
demand characteristics
351 - Participants and the data gained from them must be kept anonymous unless they give their full consent. No names must be used in a lab report. Which ethical guideline is this?
confidentiality
352 - Participants are are arranged in pairs. Each pair is similar in many ways and each member of the pair perform in two different levels of IV.
matched pairs measures
353 - Participants are selected based on naturally occurring groups.
Opportunity sampling
354 - Participants counted backwards in.....
Only (A) & (B)
355 - participants from a diving club were used in one study to research if the accuracy of memories can be influenced by
Context
356 - Participants have a complete right to ..... and ..... and no participant should be identifiable by name or any other distinguishing detail.
Only (A) & (B)
357 - Participants in a study were how many times better at completing a maze if they dreamed about the maze after attempting to complete it?
10x
358 - Participants in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable are called the ..... group.
experimental
359 - Participants in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable make up the ..... group.
Experimental
360 - Participants in Barlett's study transformed the story to make it:
More familiar
361 - Participants in Bartlett's study into Reconstructive Memory transformed the story to make it:
More familiar
362 - Participants in Milgram's (1963) experiment on obedience were told that they were taking part in a study investigating the effect of punishment on learning. The above statement ..... true; this was an example of .....
is; deception
363 - Participants' ratings and picture emotional valence will be negatively correlated. This is an example of .....
one-tailed hypothesis
364 - Participants recruit other participants for a study.
Snowball sampling
365 - Participants variables can affect the
internal validity
366 - Participants volunteer - usually in response to an advertisement in the local community or over the Internet.
Self-selected sampling
367 - Participating in a study more than once can cause changes in performance between different conditions that are not due to the IV.
order effect
368 - Particular way of mentally responding to or thinking about information or an event
Cognitive process
369 - Parts of ..... include medulla, pons, midbrain, and diencephalon (which consists of thalamus and hypothalamus).
brain stem
370 - Patient D has grandiose feelings. He thinks his ideals are superior to all others. He has started his own cult and convinced his followers he is a prophet. Patient B may be suffering from?
Narcissism
371 - Patients discussing their problems on the couch while a psychologist/psychiatrist pieces thoughts together is called.....
Psychoanalysis
372 - Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their experience of pain after the operation. Their past experiences with surgery and expectations about how painful their recovery will be affects how they interpret p
top-down processing.
373 - Patients with schizophrenia will most likely display ..... in their brains.
enlarged ventricles
374 - Paul Broca studied a case study named "Tan." Tan was interesting because
damage to his brain limited him to only say Tan
375 - Paul is late for class and cannot find his friend Magda amongst hundreds of people. Luckily somebody coughs next to Magda and Paul immediately finds her. How can this scenario best be explained?
The cough automatically attracts the spotlight to Magda's location.
376 - Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is
an aptitude test.
377 - Paulesu et al., (1993) used PET scans and found that the supramarginal gyrus was activated when what component of the WMM was used?
Phonological Store
378 - Pavlov did experiment on-
Dogs
379 - Pavlov did his Experiment on which animal
Dog
380 - Pavlov found that his dogs began to salivate automatically to a bell that was presented prior to feeding. In this study, the dog's salivation to the bell is an example of a(n)
conditioned response
381 - Pavlov is famous for conducting experiments with what animal?
Dogs
382 - Pavlov was most noted for his work with
Classic Conditioning
383 - Pavlov’s initial discovery of what is now called classical conditioning emerged from his earlier studies of __________________?
digestive reflexes in dogs
384 - Pavlov's Dog experiment is an example of what type of learning?
Classical Conditioning
385 - PAVLOV'S DOG SALIVATING EXPERIMENT IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT TYPE OF CONDITIONING?
CLASSICAL
386 - Pavlov's experiment is an example of what type of conditioning?
Classical
387 - Pavlov's experiments demonstrated .....
classical conditioning
388 - Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about which of the following?
classical conditioning
389 - Pavlov's initial interest in classical conditioning was stimulated when he observed his research dogs salivating at the sight of
The attendants / sound of the bell
390 - Paying a fine for speeding is an example of what type of learning?
Punishment
391 - Peek-a-boo works on children in what stage?
Sensorimotor
392 - Penfield contributed significantly to our understanding of the brain. He used a probe that delivered a weak electrical charge that he applied to different locations on the surface of the brain of his patients undergoing surgery. Which of the following str
primary somatosensory and primary motor cortices
393 - People ..... what they see in a first encounter.
often make mistakes about
394 - People accept personality feedback about themselves because it is supposedly derived from personality assessment procedures refer to
The Barnum Effect
395 - People and animals learn to do certain things-and not to do others- because of the results of what they do.
operant conditioning
396 - People are concerned with punishment during this stage of moral development.
Preconventional
397 - People are concerned with the greater good for most people and are willing to break the law.
Post Conventional
398 - People are less likely to help if:
all of the above.
399 - People are more honest when.....
They are tired
400 - People are more inclined to fear heights and spiders compared to butterflies and flowers. This is due to.....
biological preparedness
401 - people are not simply either Fixed or Growth Mindset. instead they are on a
Continuum
402 - People are they way they are based on their environment
Behaviorism
403 - People are.....
a product of their environment and the traits they were born with
404 - People assume that their first impressions tell them about ..... person.
the whole
405 - People behave certain ways because of their ..... state.
cognitive
406 - people behave differently when they know they are being watched which could impact the results (Hawthorne effect)
Naturalistic Observation
407 - People can heal from traumatic incidents because their brains produce less ..... when they dream about the incident.
cortisol
408 - People evidence a bias toward thinking that bad things happen to bad people
just world bias
409 - People evolve through 8 socioemotional stages
Erik Erikson
410 - People frequently credit or blame either internal dispositions or external situations for others' behavior. This is called:
attribution.
411 - People have developed a false association between mental illness and violence. This is an example of
a vivid case.
412 - People have little or no conscious impact on when or how sensory process occur. This feature is sometimes referred to as .....
cognitive impenetrability
413 - People living in different countries often have different customs. Studying these behaviors would fall under which perspective?
Social Cultural
414 - People make free and conscious choice s based on their unique experiences.
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
415 - People make up their minds within ..... seconds of interaction with websites or products.
90
416 - People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrates the subtle nature of
implicit prejudice.
417 - People must not be pressured or forced to participate in a research study. This follows the ethical consideration of:
Voluntary participation
418 - People need to be informed of a study in order to agree to it
informed consent
419 - People of this intelligence can talk to anyone, anywhere, at any time.
interpersonal intelligence
420 - People overestimate the number of people who agree with their opinions
false consensus
421 - People pay attention to and seek out information that supports their beliefs and opinions and ignore (or discount) information that contradicts them.
confirmation bias
422 - People perceive their world as one image instead of two (despite having the use of 2 eyes) through the process of
Binocular Fusion
423 - People perform tasks better in front of an audience than they do when they are along.
social facilitation
424 - People taking part in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable are members of the ..... group.
experimental
425 - people that define themselves as aspects of groups, to give priority to in-group goals, to focus on context more than the content in making attributions and in communicating, to pay less attention to internal than to external processes as determinants of
collectivism
426 - People that have an ability to recognize and manipulate large-scale and fine-grained spatial images, such as Frank Llyod, are people with good ..... intelligence.
Spatial
427 - People viewing the Ames room tend to maintain ( ) constancy but cannot maintain ( ) constancy
Shape, Size
428 - People want to change the law to make it better for everyone, but will work within the law.
Post Conventional
429 - People wear me around his or her wrist
Bracelet
430 - People wear me when it is cold and they want to practise and outdoor sport.
Hoodie
431 - People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their
cones
432 - People who assume that their own actions and decisions directly affect the consequences they experience are said to be ..... in locus of control, whereas people who assume that their lives are more controlled by powerful others, luck, or fate are ..... in
Internal; External
433 - People who believe in the ....., such as Abraham Maslow, wanted psychology to focus on the things that make people uniquely human, such as subjective emotions and the freedom to choose one's own destiny.
Humanistic Perspective
434 - People who believe that their own ethnic group is the most superior could be called .....
ethnocentric
435 - People who cannot give their own consent to participate in an experiment
Minors and cognitively disabled
436 - People who exert less effort on a task when working in a group than they do when working individually are engaging in .....
social loafing
437 - People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to
make and carry out plans
438 - People who prefer to 'process information from graphs and diagrams' are called:
Visualisers
439 - People who score high in ..... are characterized as anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable.
neuroticism
440 - People who score high in ..... are characterized as outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, and assertive.
extraversion
441 - People who score high in ..... tend to be sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, and modest.
agreeableness
442 - People who set goals for themselves that are often unrealistic are:
Perfectionists
443 - people who volunteer for research may have a different outlook than people who volunteer.
volunteer bias
444 - People who volunteer to participate in a survey may skew the results of a study because of.....
volunteer bias
445 - People who volunteer to participate in studies may bring with them a different outlook than those who choose not to participate. What is this called?
volunteer bias
446 - People who watch a lot of violence on T.V. are more likely to be violent in part because of
Observational learning
447 - People who watch a lot of violence on television are more likely to be violent in part because of
observational learning.
448 - People with an authoritarian personality are very preoccupied with social status so they:
Are servile and obedient towards those of higher status
449 - People with an authoritarian personality scored highly on which scale?
F-Scale
450 - People with authoritarian personality are very preoccupied with social status. Therefore they:
Are servile and obedient to those of higher status
451 - People with damage to Broca's area will have difficulty in
speech production
452 - People with high EQs would be likely to
find jobs well suited to their individual strengths.
453 - People with high self-esteem
choose more unconventional jobs.
454 - People working in this field are fully qualified medical practitioners
Psychiatry
455 - People working in this field can perform medical procedures such as an ECT or EEG.
Psychiatry
456 - People working in this field have a university degree
All of the above
457 - People working in this field have completed a medical degree, a 2 year internship and five years of a supervised specialist program.
Psychiatry
458 - People working in this field help individuals find solutions to their everyday problems and can only offer NON-MEDICAL approaches.
Psychology
459 - People working in this field help people cope with problems related to poverty, legal issues, mental health or human rights.
Social Work
460 - People working in this field specialise in mental health disorders
Psychiatry
461 - People working in this field study human behaviour and how the human mind works
Psychology
462 - People working in this field work within the social service system
Social Work
463 - PEOPLE WORKS BEST .....
UNDER LITTLE PRESSURE
464 - People's memories of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. are best described as:
flashbulb memories.
465 - Pepperberg: Which of the following best describes the psychology being investigated
the abstract skill of conceptual categorization
466 - perceived shape of object remains constant despite changes in the shape of the retinal image
shape constancy
467 - perceived size of object remains constant despite changes in the size of the retinal image
size constancy
468 - Perceiving a relationship where none exists, or perceiving a stronger than actual relationship
illusory correlation
469 - Perceiving an object as being whole, despite it actually being incomplete is which perception principle?
closure
470 - perceiving an object as unchanging even when the immediate sensation of the object changes.
perceptual constancy
471 - Perceiving the whole rather than parts
Gestalt
472 - Perception ca be defined as-
how we interpret the information from the external world
473 - Perception is
how we comprehend objects and events in the world around us
474 - Perception is based on a complex sequence of:
receiving, converting, transmitting and interpreting stimuli
475 - Perception is impacted by learning expectations attitude memories all of the above
all of the above
476 - Perception is the focus of which psychological school?
Gestalt
477 - Perception is the process by which __________________?
sensory input is selected, organized and interpreted
478 - Perception is.....
Interpretation of sensory information
479 - Perception that misrepresent stimuli
illusions
480 - Perception, attention, thinking, language, memory
Cognitive perspective
481 - Perception, memory, thinking, language, and attitudes all operate on two levels
dual processing
482 - Perceptual constancies are primarily a function of _______________?
learning
483 - Perceptual constancy is
the ability to recognize an object without being deceived by changes in its shape, brightness, size, or color
484 - Perceptual Constancy refers to
perception remaining stable despite changes in sensory info
485 - Perceptual distortions can be said to occur in the
the brain
486 - Perceptual experience in which stimulation of one sense involuntarily produces additional unusual experiences in another sense
Synaesthesia
487 - Perceptual phenomenon have been most prominently explored within ________________?
gestalt
488 - Perceptual set is.....
a predisposition to perceive something in accordance with our expectations
489 - Perceptual set is:
The brain's preference for certain aspects of the sensory environment
490 - Perceptual set refers to a predisposition to interpret sensory stimuli in a certain way and
affects both visual and taste perception
491 - Perceptual sets (schema):
All of the above
492 - Perfection is a problem that is most associated with the ___________?
Superego
493 - Performance of an earlier task is interfered with by the learning of a second, more recent task in _________________?
retroactive inhibition
494 - Performing a behaviour in response to an order given by someone in a position of power or authority is a definition of.....
obedience.
495 - Performing a task better in the presence of others is called:
social facilitation.
496 - Person associated with the Law of Effect
Edward Thorndike
497 - Person perception is:
the process of forming ideas about others.
498 - Personal experiences and reinforcement guide individual development.
Learning Perspective
499 - Personal experiences throughout an individual's life, including everything that is learned intentionally and unintentionally through experience
Past Experience
500 - Personality development is determined by unconscious experiences in very early childhood, so early that we often don't remember.
Psychodynamic
501 - Personality has . Dimensions?
4
502 - Personality inventories are ____________?
Objectively scored
503 - Personality is :
The way you think, act and feel
504 - Personality is best defined as an individual's
characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
505 - Personality is defined as.....
a unique set of characteristics
506 - Personality is derived from a ..... word.
Latin
507 - Personality may be viewed as consisting of ..... characteristics that explain why a person behaves in a particular way.
stable
508 - Personality primarily depends upon.....
Heredity
509 - Personality psychology
focuses on how differences in people's personality may explain their behaviours and thinking
510 - Personality Psychology analyzes how many factors?
5
511 - personality that assesses the extent to which people's behavior reflects their true feelings and attitudes
self-monitoring
512 - Personality traits can be categorized by an individual's
actions, habits, feelings, and thoughts
513 - Person-Centered Therapy. Unconditional Positive Regard to become a fully-functioning person
Carl Rogers
514 - Person's sense of who they are based on their group membership, proposed that the groups?
Social identity
515 - Perspective explains behavior as result of how we interpret/view our experiences.
cognitive perspective/approach
516 - Perspective focuses on how cultural factors.....ethnicity, religion, gender, socioeconomic state influence behavior
sociocultural perspective/approac
517 - Perspective that asserts biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individuals health
Biopsychosocial model
518 - Perspective that emphasized human growth potential.
humanistic
519 - Perspective that explains behavior as a result of unconscious desires/conflicts that are unresolved.
psychoanalytical/psychodynamic perspective/approach
520 - Perspective that focuses on possible physiological causes for behavior.
biological perspective/approach
521 - Perspective that focuses on the role society and culture play on behavior and mental processes
sociocultural
522 - Perspective that focuses on the role thoughts play in behavior
cognitive
523 - Perspective that focuses on the role unconscious forces play on behavior
psychoanalytic
524 - Perspective which believes almost all behavior is learned through observation or consequences (rewards/punishment)
behavioral perspective/approach
525 - Perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
Humanism
526 - Persuasion depends on:
All of the above
527 - persuasive involving making a small request before making a bigger one
foot-in-the-door technique
528 - persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts by quoting a low sales price and then mentions all of the "add-on" costs once the customer has agreed to purchase the product
low-ball technique
529 - persuasive technique involving making an unreasonably large request before making the small request we're hoping to have granted
door-in-the-face technique
530 - PET work on the basis of:
tracking radioactive glucose that is injected into the patient to show which areas of the brain are active during mental processes
531 - Peter is having difficulty producing speech which part of his body is likely to be damaged?
Broca's area
532 - Peter is teased for having a disablity. This has had an impact on how he feels about himself. This is known as
Low self-esteem
533 - Peter really enjoys checking out the new art at the local coffee shop. He is often trying out new drinks at the same shop. He is also thinking about changing up his hair style and getting his ears pierced.
openness
534 - Peterson & Peterson studied the duration of STM using what sample?
24 university students
535 - Peterson and Peterson 1959
conducted a lab experiment to investigate the duration of short term memory
536 - Peterson and Peterson investigated what?
The duration of STM
537 - Peterson and Peterson investigated:
The duration of STM
538 - Petra has learned that if she jumps up and down in her crib, her father will come and pick her up. This is an example of
operant conditioning.
539 - Petria is recovering from brain injury caused by a stroke. She now finds it difficult to speak and, when she does talk, her speech is slow and poorly articulated. What is Petria likely to be suffering from?
Broca's Aphasia
540 - PhD is.....
A post graduate or doctoral degree
541 - phenomenon whereby individuals become less productive in groups
social loafing
542 - Phenotype refers to
That which is observable in genes
543 - Philip was watching a Michael Jordan commercial about his 'Hanes' underwear. James felt that if he wore some 'Hanes' underwear he would be able to play basketball as good as Michael.This is an example of:
Social Learning
544 - Philip Zimbardo researched
all of the above
545 - Philippe Pinel's efforts led to .....
More humane treatment of the mentally ill
546 - Phillip Zimbardo's key interest was in investigating.....
how being ascribed a particular role, whether powerful or powerless, affects people's behaviour in a prison setting.
547 - Philosopher that proposed that a link existed between mind and body and that they influence each other to create a person's experiences.
Rene Descartes
548 - Philosopher that proposed that the mind and body were separate and distinct from each other.
Rene Descartes
549 - Philosopher who stressed the importance of instrospection
Socrates
550 - Philosophy translates from Greek as.....?
The Love of Wisdom
551 - Phineas Gage is an example of a ....., which is the study of one individual in great detail.
Case Study
552 - Phineas Gage the railroad worker that ended up with a rod piercing his skull an lived was and is still studied. This is an example of a?
case study
553 - Phobia is a/an .....
Anxiety Disorder
554 - Phobias are maintained through.....
Only (A) & (B)
555 - Phobias as treated through
Only (A) & (B)
556 - Phonemes
the smallest units of sound that make up language
557 - Phonemes are ___________________?
the smallest units of sound
558 - Phonemes are best defined as:
The basic sounds of consonants and vowels
559 - Phonemes are the basic units of ..... in language.
Sound
560 - Photographic memory is also called
eidetic memory
561 - Photographs of people were rated more positively if the photos immediately followed a briefly flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of
priming.
562 - photoreceptor cells that are used to detect color & finer details; used during the day
Cones
563 - Photoreceptor cells that help you in the dark and help you see black, white and grey
Rods
564 - Phrenology was originally referred to as:
cranioscopy
565 - Physical activity is basically a .....
Biological necessity
566 - Physical effects of stress include
all of the above
567 - Physiological causes of behavior. Examine the relationship of the brain and nervous system with behavior and related areas (cognitive processes and emotions)
Biological Domain
568 - Physiological means
consistent with the normal functioning of an organism
569 - Physiological Psychology covers
All of the above
570 - Piaget believed that children form mental concepts or ..... as they experience new situations and events. For example, if Sandy points to a picture of an apple and tells her child, "that's an apple, " the child forms a ..... for "apple" that looks somethi
Schemes
571 - Piaget categorised maturational changes to cognitive development into how many stages?
4
572 - Piaget contented that the initial forms of thought are _____________?
early action schemes
573 - Piaget developed a theory for cognitive development by observing and working primarily with:
Children
574 - Piaget developed a theory for the role of
Cognitive development
575 - Piaget focuses on what type of development?
cognitive
576 - Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of _________________ development?
cognitive
577 - Piaget is to cognitive development as Kohlberg is to ______________ development?
moral
578 - Piaget rejected the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as what?
A process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment.
579 - Piaget used the term 'assimilation to refer to how a child?
Understand new information in terms of exiting schemas
580 - Piaget viewed intellectual growth as a process of
ADAPTATION TO THE WORLD
581 - Piaget was concerned with what type of development?
Cognitive
582 - Piaget’s concept of scheme is ___________________?
a mental blueprint for an organized pattern of action
583 - Piaget's concept of readiness is related to what?
The child's maturation
584 - Piaget's experiment involving coins demonstrated:
Conservation
585 - Piaget's stage for infancy is:
Sensory motor thoughts
586 - Piaget's theory is useful in education because
all of the above
587 - Piaget's theory of development focuses on predictable ..... stages.
cognitive
588 - Piaget's third stage of cognitive development is called:
Concrete operational
589 - Piaget's work relates to:
Cognitive development
590 - Picking up slang from a TV show.
Observational
591 - Picture indicates what?
Perception
592 - Picture is an example example of
A & B
593 - Pictures of people rated more positive if they immediately followed an image of kittens.
Priming
594 - Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to form
concepts
595 - Piglet runs away every time he sees a horse. Which of the following, according to behavior therapists, is likely to explain his behavior?
The running behavior is reinforced by the reduction of anxiety
596 - Pink is not which of these things?
Rugged
597 - Pinna is part of the _____________?
outer ear
598 - Pioneer of Classical Conditioning was-
Pavlov
599 - Placebo effect
A real response, positive or negative, to an action or substance based solely on expectations, not on the actual properties of the action or substance.
600 - Placebos have such a strong effect on people because
they alter people's expectations.
601 - placing or storing information such as images, events, or sounds in memory by making mental representations so the nervous system can process
encoding
602 - Placing participants in experimental and control conditions by chance , thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
Random Assignment
603 - planning, evaluating, and monitoring mental activities - "thinking about thinking"
metacognition
604 - Plants/animals incorporate natural mutations to successfully reproduce and thrive.
Natural Selection
605 - Plasticity of the brain is thought to occur:
Throughout life
606 - Plateau refered as
no further gains in skills
607 - Plato was a student to which philosopher?
Socrates
608 - Playing a game for the enjoyment of it is considered which type of motivation?
Intrinsic
609 - Plays a role in memories that are highly emotional, especially fearful memories.
Amygdala
610 - Pleasant memories are most likely to be evoked by exposure to
fragrant odors.
611 - Please tick ALL of the statements that are true for random sampling:
Only (A) & (B)
612 - Please tick ALL of the statements that are true for stratified sampling:
All of the above
613 - Please tick ALL of the statements that are true for systematic sampling:
Only (A) & (B)
614 - Please tick ALL the statements below that refer to 'opportunity sampling':
All of the above
615 - Please, excuse my deranged aardvark Sammy. Luke can still remember the order of operations because of this saying from his middle-school math teacher. This is an example of:
A mnemonic device
616 - Pleasure obtained from stimulation is overlooked by which theory?
drive-reduction theory
617 - PM Modi called the nation
lets play , promoting culture of sports
618 - Pointillism is an art style that uses only dots to create a picture. Which Gestalt principle allows this to work?
Proximity
619 - Polyanna Principle suggests that there is a general tendency to use or accept positive words or feedback more frequently than negative words of feedback.
TRUE
620 - poor group decision making that occurs as a result of a group emphasizing unity over critical thinking
groupthink
621 - Pop quizzes reinforce reading and studying on a ..... schedule.
variable interval
622 - Popular topics, such as handwriting analysis and astrology, are not considered psychology since they cannot be proven or disproven. They fall into the category of:
pseudopsychology
623 - Population
The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.
624 - Population refers to the larger group from which the participants being studied are taken
TRUE
625 - Positive or negative correlation?
Positive
626 - Positive or negative correlation?The longer the movie, the more popcorn people eat
positive correlation
627 - Positive or negative correlation?The more shoes a person buys, the less money they have
negative correlation
628 - Positive or negative correlation?The more tv a child watches, the fewer chores they complete
negative correlation
629 - Positive or negative correlation?The taller a person is, the more likely they are to hit their head on a door frame
positive correlation
630 - Positive psychology is a field that looks at what?
What is going right.
631 - Positive Psychology Research on Human strenghts can function as buffers against:
Mental illness
632 - Positive reinforcement result in..... in the target behavior and negative reinforcement results in..... in the target behavior
An increase ;an increase
633 - Positively Skewed
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the low end of the distribution
634 - Possesses the Motor Cortex
Frontal Lobe
635 - Possesses the Primary Motor Cortex
Frontal Lobe
636 - Possesses the Somatosensory Cortex
Parietal Lobe
637 - Possesses the somotoensory Cortex
Parietal Lobe
638 - Possible factors for relatively permanent change in behavior in learning:
Exercise
639 - Post experimental explanation of a study
debriefing
640 - Practical aspects of communication (Reminds me of Denotation)
Pragmatics
641 - Practice in which holes were drilled into the skull in an attempt to release evil spirits is called .....
Trephining
642 - Practice: Carla got the opportunity to meet Kanye West. She fell madly in love with him and could think of nothing else. Now, if she sees a picture of him or anyone who resembles him, her heart begins to race. WHAT IS THE CS in this scenario?
Picture of anyone resembling Kanye West
643 - Practice: When Katie saw the scary movie HALLOWEEN for the first time, the slasher scenes made her tremble with fear. Now when she hears the HALLOWEEN movie theme song, she gets the same awful, trembling feeling. WHAT ARE THE UCR & CR in this scenario?
Fear
644 - Practicing a piece of information over and over to keep it in your short term memory longer.
Maintenance Rehearsal
645 - Praising effort rather than performance is beneficial because:
We can control how much effort we make
646 - Pre Competition psychological training is responsible for
all the above
647 - Preattentive process is
automatic processing of stimuli
648 - Prediction about behavior tested through research
hypothesis
649 - predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable, but the direction of the effect is not specified
non-directional (two-tailed)
650 - Predicts the result of a theory
Hypothesis
651 - predisposition to action (the prejudiced beliefs may influence such acts) -unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members
discrimination
652 - Preferential or disadvantageous behavior toward an individual or group.
Discrimination
653 - Prejudice is ....., while discrimination is .....
an attitude; a behaviour
654 - Prejudice is a(n) ....., whereas discrimination is a(n) .....
attitude; behavior
655 - Prejudice is a/an .....; whereas discrimination is a/an .....
attitude; behaviour
656 - Prepares athletes for unforeseen situations
goal setting
657 - Preparing the body ‘for fight or fight’ is the function of the _____________?
adrenal medulla
658 - Pre-scientific scholars believed the ..... was responsible for human behavior.
heart
659 - Prescription medications can sometimes have unwanted effects on the functioning of the body and the brain with consequential effects on thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Which level of explanation does this scenario most relate to?
Biological
660 - Presence of others may interfere with performance due to___________?
All of these
661 - Present finding is that both ..... contribute jointly to the determination of behaviour.
Heredity and Environment
662 - Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
Sensory Memory
663 - Preserves recently perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
Working memory
664 - Primary and secondary reinforcers are important in
operant conditioning
665 - Primary and secondary reinforcers are important in which of the following?
Operant conditioning
666 - Primary auditory Cortex
temporal lobe
667 - Primary drives are
influenced by stimuli within the body.
668 - Primary emotions.....
are fairly simple to understand. They are your reactions to external events.
669 - Primary Visual Cortex:
occipital lobe
670 - primeval
extremely ancient; of earliest time
671 - Priming in memory is
an introduction of a cue that help a person to retrieve better.
672 - Priming mainly takes place at the ..... level
Unconcious
673 - Priming refers to:
the activation of associations in memory.
674 - principles of perception was taken from
gestalt
675 - Principles of this type of conditioning are very useful in helping people overcome their fears.
classical
676 - Prison also acts as a deterrent to potential offenders so is a form of .....; people will avoid prison by abiding by the law.
negative reinforcement
677 - Prison is based on the principles of operant conditioning. Prison is a form of ..... given to an offender that should prevent them from reoffending.
positive punishment
678 - Prisoners were referred to by
Prisoner number
679 - private, unmeasurable mental processes such as dreams, perceptions, thoughts, and memories
cognitive activities
680 - Proactive interference is
occurs when past memories inhibit the recall of newer memories.
681 - Proactive interference is when.....
Old information interferes with new
682 - Proactive interference occurs when.....?
Old info interferes with new info
683 - Probability (p) is measured between:
0 to 1
684 - Probably the most insidious form of defense mechanism is ___________?
Withdrawal
685 - Problem solving and ..... are developed during the fourth stage, formal operational.
reasoning
686 - Problem solving depends on the use of specific methods for approaching problems, which are called:
strategies
687 - Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage. Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?
confirmation bias
688 - Problem that have more than one correct solution require ____________________?
divergent thinking
689 - Problem-solving is the act of moving .....
from a given state to a goal state
690 - Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome
Algorithm
691 - procedure - participant sample
123 American male student volunteers
692 - procedure - task
compare lines A B and C to a stimulus line, 12 out of 18 answers from each confederate was critical
693 - process by which a stimulus increases the chance that the preceding behavior will occur again.
reinforcement
694 - process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its own component parts
Introspection
695 - process of assigning causes to behavior
attribution
696 - PROCESS OF DETERMINING WHETHER THE PARTICULAR PROBLEM AFFLICTING THE INDIVIDUAL MEETS ALL CRITERIA FOR A PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORCER
DIAGNOSIS
697 - Process of finding information previously stored in memory
Retrieval
698 - Process of influencing behavior by means of unpleasant stimuli
aversive control (punishment)
699 - process of learning the rules of behavior of a culture within which an individual is born and will live.
socialization
700 - Process of putting new information into memory
Storage
701 - Process of reminding learners of things they already know relative to a new topic
Prior Knowledge activation
702 - Process of training needs analysis that determines the organizational factors that will either facilitate or inhibit training effectiveness:
Organizational Analysis
703 - Process used by Wundt that asked patients to describe their emotional experiences/conscious experiences
introspection
704 - Process, store, and retrieve information. How information is used to reason and solve problems
Cognitive
705 - Process:May be individual or group in nature.
Testing
706 - Process:Typically individualized; focuses on how the individual processes rather than simply the results of that processing
Assessment
707 - processes that extend outward from the soma and branch several times ; receives information
dendrite
708 - Processes that organize sensory impulses into meaningful patterns Introduction to senses
Perception
709 - Processes that you have memorized and know, but the details are not highly focused on
Implicit Memory
710 - Processes within an organism which activate behaviour that is directed towards achieving a particular goal
Motivation
711 - processing of releasing our Emotions
Catharsis
712 - Produces collective work products is characteristic for
Work Team
713 - Producing valuable and novel ideas best defines which of the following?
Creativity
714 - Professional organization representing psychologists in the United States.
American Psychological Association
715 - professionals (clinicians, counsellors, experimental psychologists, HR) qualified to use the test
Test User
716 - Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ..... perspective.
evolutionary
717 - Professor Ober carefully monitors and records the behaviors of children on school playgrounds to track the development of their physical skills. Professor Ober is engaged in:
naturalistic observation.
718 - Professor Schrute carefully monitors and records that behaviors of children on school playgrounds to track the development of their physical skills. Professor Schrute is engaged in:
naturalistic observation
719 - Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite his having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student's abilities?
cognitive dissonance theory
720 - Professor Vanstan wishes to use deception in an experiment, where participants would believe they were taking part in research that investigated their ability to solve visual puzzles on a computer, but in reality the computer would 'crash' nest the end of
would be ethical if no psychological or physical harm was caused to the subjects in the long term and debriefing procedures were carried out
721 - Professor Wenches approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes unconscious processes within the individual, such as inner forces or conflicts. What psychological approach does she most likely follow?
the psychodynamic approach
722 - Professor Wu wanted to know if his test had INTERNAL VALIDITY, so he gave one class of students the odd questions, and another class the even questions. He then compared the MEAN score for each class. He used the
split-halves reliability test
723 - Projective techniques are unlike other types of test-data because
they use a standard testing situation.
724 - Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, have been justifiably criticized as tools for assessing personality because
they have not been found to be reliable and valid.
725 - Prolonged exposure to sound over ..... decibels leads to hearing loss
85
726 - Prone to stress and increased risk of cardiovascular disease are characteristics of what persoanlity type?
Type A
727 - proponent of behaviorist perspective and pioneer in the field of operand conditioing
F. Skinner
728 - Proponent of Operant Conditioning
Skinner
729 - Propose a solution, hypothesis or other possible answer
suggest
730 - Propose people create knowledge from their observations and experiences. People combine what they learn into integrated bodies of knowlege and beliefs
Constructivism
731 - Proposed that intelligence consist of a single general factor called g.
Charles Spearman
732 - Proposed theory for color vision with cones that are differentially sensitive to different wavelengths of light.
trichromatic theory
733 - Proposed theory for color vision with opposing retinal process for red-green, yellow-blue, white-black.
opponent process theory
734 - Pro-social behaviour is:
intentional helpful, expecting not reward
735 - Protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger
leptin
736 - Prototypes.....
mental image or best example of a category
737 - Proudly wearing a boy scout badge fits with what stage of Maslow's hierarchy?
Love and belonging
738 - Provide an answer from a number of possibilities
identify
739 - Provided the first comprehensive classification of mental disorders.
Emil Kraepelin
740 - provides detailed information
Case Studies
741 - provides detailed information for each test listed, including test publisher, test author, test purpose, intended test population, and test administration time
reference volumes
742 - Provides reinforcers after an unpredictable number of responses
variable ratio schedule
743 - Provision for Mid-day meals may be made in the schools are under the satisfaction of ..... needs
Physiological Needs
744 - proximal development
a range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can accomplish with the help of more skilled partners.
745 - Proximity refers to
objects near each other are seen as a unit
746 - Pseudo-science refers to beliefs or practices that.....
have no basis in scientific fact
747 - Psyche is a Greek word meaning .....
soul
748 - Psychiatric nurse holds a master degree in _________?
M.S.N with C.S. in Psychiatric nursing
749 - Psychiatrist differ from clinical psychologists in that they
are medical doctors licensed to prescribe medication
750 - Psychiatrists are medical doctors, psychologists have a postgraduate Psychology Degree. Psychiatrists prescribe medication, psychologists can give therapy talks.
TRUE
751 - Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that psychiatrists
Are physicians with a specialisation in abnormal behaviour and psychotherapy
752 - Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that they
are medical doctors licensed to prescribe medicine
753 - Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that they .....
are medical doctors licensed to prescribe medicine
754 - Psychiatrists prescribe medication, psychologists can give therapy talks.
TRUE
755 - Psychiatry is a psychological field that
requires a medical degree.
756 - Psychiatry is a specialty in the field of what?
medicine
757 - Psycho dynamic therapists believe that maladaptive behavior stems from ___________?
Emotional trauma experienced in childhood
758 - psychoanalysis
emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts
759 - Psychoanalysis is associated with .....
Sigmund Freud
760 - Psychoanalysis was founded in the 1890s by which famous psychological therorist?
Sigmund Freud
761 - Psychoanalysis, Id, Ego, Superego, Stages of Psychosexual Development. One of the most influential figures in psychology
Sigmund Freud
762 - psychoanalytic perspective
stresses the influence of unconscious forces on human behavior
763 - Psychoanalytic Theories
Emphasize the importance of early childhood experiences, repressed thoughts, and conflicts between conscious and unconscious forces.
764 - Psychoanalytic theory that focuses on the unconscious (id, ego, superego, free association, psychosexual development)
Sigmund Freud
765 - Psychoanalytic Theory was developed by.....
Freud
766 - Psychodrama is one of the psychotherapeutic techniques which basically involve situations representing ____________?
All of the above
767 - Psychodynamic and unconsciousness are terms by
Freud
768 - Psychodynamic psychologists emphasize
unconscious rather than conscious causes of behavior
769 - Psychodynamic theories
Personality theories contending that behavior results from forces that interact within the individual
770 - Psychological ..... explain and predict what governs behavior and mental processes.
theories
771 - Psychological approach focused on how behavior helps organisms adapt to their environment
Functionalsim
772 - Psychological approach focused on the basic elements of consciousness
Structuralism
773 - Psychological approach focused on unconscious motives and internal conflict. The founder of this is Freud.
Psychoanalysis
774 - Psychological approach that focuses on an psychological event as a whole rather than broken down into parts
Gestalt
775 - Psychological approach that focuses on behavior and stimulus and response.
Behaviorism
776 - Psychological constructs are ..... theoretical concepts used to discuss something that cannot be observed, touched, or measured .....
complex, directly
777 - Psychological disorders, Kelly said, result from:
personal constructs that are too permeable or too inflexible.
778 - PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION WITHIN AN INDIVIDUAL ASSOCIATED WITH DISTRESS OR IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING AND A RESPONSE THAT IS NOT TYPICAL OR CULTURALLY EXPECTED
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
779 - Psychological perspective concerned with how cultural differences affect behavior.
socio-cultural
780 - Psychological perspective concerned with individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in growth toward one's potential.
humanistic
781 - Psychological perspective concerned with physiological and biochemical factors that determine behavior and mental processes.
biological
782 - psychological perspective that focuses on the interaction of biological processes, psychological dispositions, and social factors
biopsychosocial perspective
783 - Psychological perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human nature.
Psychoanalysis
784 - Psychological perspectives are
ways to explain behavior
785 - Psychological perspectives are .....
Ways to explain human behavior
786 - Psychological processes + Physiology. Mind-Body Phenomenon. Functions of brain + nervous systems
Biological
787 - Psychological science is the study of behavior that is observable and measurable.
Behavioral
788 - Psychological testing in its modern form originated roughly..... years ago.
100
789 - Psychological testing(ADHD, SAT, ACT, etc.)
Educational / School Psychologist
790 - Psychological tests must have two characteristics and they are:
valid and reliable
791 - Psychological tests show that 18-year-old Isaiah has an intelligence score of 65. Nevertheless, Isaiah can, with a few seconds of mental calculation, accurately tell the day of the week on which Christmas falls for any year in this century. It would be fa
Isaiah is a person with savant syndrome.
792 - Psychological theories ____________?
do all the above
793 - Psychologist B.F. Skinner believed all human actions were conditioned responses to their external environment. So he believed in this school of psychology?
Behaviorism
794 - Psychologist Charles Spearman believed that intelligence
was made up of two main factors
795 - Psychologist E.C. Tolman did experiments on rats that showed
That reinforcement is not always necessary for learning.
796 - Psychologist Elton Mayo psychological studies in human time management to help a factory become more productive. He would be classified as a ..... psychologist.
Applied
797 - Psychologist Jean Piaget believes that the way one thinks changes throughout their lifetimes. He would be classified as a ..... psychologist.
Developmental
798 - Psychologist now believe that our development in most areas is influenced by
Nature and Nurture
799 - Psychologist remembered for his research on the conditioning process, as well as the Little Albert experiment, in which he demonstrated that a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus. His research also revealed that this fear coul
John B. Watson
800 - Psychologist that studied the behavior of dogs and effects of hearing a bell before feeding
Pavlov
801 - Psychologist who introduced the concept of reinforcement
F Skinner
802 - Psychologist who studied the effect of segregation on children
Kenneth B. Clark
803 - Psychologist who studies how a person grows and changes cognitively, physically, emotionally and socially over their lifetime.
Developmental psychologist
804 - psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures
developmental psychologist
805 - Psychologists and psychiatrists use a reference manual known as the ..... (DSM) to diagnose mental and emotional disorders.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
806 - Psychologists are interested in a number of things, such as.....
Learning, memory, growth and development.
807 - Psychologists are interested in studying human and ..... behaviors.
animal
808 - Psychologists are interested in which of the following?
all of the above
809 - Psychologists are scientists who study behavior and mental processes through observation and measurement. What is this approach to understanding psych called?
empiricism
810 - Psychologists believe there may be several reasons why flashbulb memories are so vivid. What is one possible explanation?
It is attached to an emotionally significant event
811 - Psychologists believed that there are specifiable causes for the way people behave and that these causes can be discovered through research. This is an example of .....
Scientific Mentality
812 - Psychologists in the area of ..... concentrate on workplace design, man-machine interaction, and physical fatigue.
Human Factors Psychology
813 - Psychologists refer to the internally pre-programmed growth of a child.....
Maturation
814 - Psychologists started to believe that some psychological traits were hereditary after this man published his theory.....
Charles Darwin
815 - Psychologists study animals because _______________?
similar processes often underline animal and human behavior
816 - Psychologists study human ..... by observing and measuring how people act.
behavior
817 - Psychologists that help people adjust to changes, not severe disorders
Counseling
818 - Psychologists that help people with psychological disorders
Clinical
819 - Psychologists who accept the ..... perspective tend to look at the uniqueness of each individual.
humanistic
820 - Psychologists who are interested in the perception of the motion, part-whole relationships and in how people judge size were identified with what school of psychology?
gestalt
821 - Psychologists who attempted to explain everything, including mental events, in physical terms are known as:
Materialist
822 - Psychologists who believe that the the basis of human behavior TODAY, is a result of our adaptations and survival in the past would be classified as,
Evolutionary Psychologists
823 - Psychologists who belongs to Behaviorist School of Psychology
All of the above
824 - Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzees in the jungle are using research method known as ____________?
naturalistic observation
825 - Psychologists who specialize in the study of language are called ______________?
psycholinguists
826 - Psychologists who study ESP are called _________________?
parapsychologists
827 - Psychologists who teach and conduct research on the biological basis of behavior focus on this type of science.
Basic Science
828 - Psychologists who typically apply psychological principles to diagnose and treat emotional problems, including mental illness and martial and family conflict, are in the subfield called ____________?
clinical and counseling
829 - Psychologists who typically treat clients who have adjustment problems rather than serious psychological disorders
counseling psychology
830 - Psychologists who use the basic knowledge of psychology to work in helping people, organizations and communities reference this type of science.
Applied Science
831 - Psychologists with the Biological perspective try to relate behaviour to functions of _________?
Body
832 - Psychologists with this perspective feel that conditions and physical structure within one's body (brain, neurons, hormones, etc.) has the biggest influence on human behavior:
biological
833 - Psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers differ in Australia in that:
psychiatrists can prescribe medication, social workers and psychologists cannot.
834 - psychology
the study of mental processes and behavior
835 - Psychology arose in the nineteenth century from developmental in a number of area, primarily ____________?
science and philosophy
836 - Psychology as a ‘Science of Mind’ defined by__________ school of psychology?
Ancient Greek Philosophers
837 - Psychology as a ‘Science of Mind’, defined by____________ psychology?
Ancient Greek Philosophers
838 - Psychology as a 'Science of Mind', defined by ..... school of psychology.
Ancient Greek Philosophers
839 - Psychology as a whole does not involve:
Algorithms
840 - Psychology attempts to use ..... to explain our reality?
Measurable science
841 - Psychology became an official field of study in:
1879
842 - Psychology came for a ..... word " psyche" which means human soul, mind or spirit.
Greek
843 - Psychology came from a ..... word " psyche" which means human soul or mind.
Greek
844 - Psychology can be literally defined as the .....
Science of soul
845 - Psychology can be literally defined as the_____________?
Science of soul
846 - Psychology can best be defined as
the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
847 - PSYCHOLOGY COMES FROM THE GREEK WORDS.....CHECK THE CORRECT ANSWERS
Only (A) & (B)
848 - Psychology concerned with schools, teaching psychology, educational issues and student concerns?
Educational psychology
849 - Psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior?
Comparative psychology
850 - Psychology deals with_________________?
mental states of individual humans
851 - Psychology focuses on both thought and action
TRUE
852 - Psychology has 4 specific goals in understanding mental processes and human behavior. Which one does not belong?
use
853 - Psychology has been around since.....
Ancient Greece
854 - Psychology has been defined by psychologists as ___________?
The science that studies behavior and mental process
855 - Psychology has its roots in what two disciplines?
Only (A) & (B)
856 - Psychology has its roots in which of the following discipline?
Philosophy
857 - Psychology has roots in the ..... sciences, which attempt to explain the nature of the physical world through observation and experimentation
natural
858 - Psychology in the work place is the subject matter of__________?
Industrial and organisational Psychology
859 - psychology includes.....
all of the above
860 - Psychology involves the study of behavior in
animals and humans
861 - Psychology is
The science of mind and behaviour
862 - Psychology is ..... and .....
Only (A) & (B)
863 - Psychology is a .....
A social science
864 - Psychology is a science because if follows the scientific method of study. Select all of the following that apply to the scientific method.
All of the above
865 - Psychology is a science because.....
All of the above
866 - Psychology is a science primarily because
It utilizes the scientific method to study behavioral processes
867 - Psychology is a______________?
A social science
868 - Psychology is about ..... years old.
125
869 - Psychology is based on the study of philosophy and what?
Biology
870 - Psychology is best defined as the study of the
mental processes and behavior.
871 - Psychology is best described as:
the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes in humans.
872 - Psychology is build upon the ancient work of philosophers. Philosophy is the study of
truth and reason
873 - Psychology is considered a ..... science.
social
874 - Psychology is considered a(n) ..... science because it uses observation and experimentation to support its theories.
empirical
875 - Psychology is considered a.....
Social Science
876 - Psychology is defined as the
scientific study of behavior and mental process
877 - Psychology is defined as the scientific study of
Human and animal behaviour
878 - Psychology is defined as the scientific study of.....and mental processes.
Behavior
879 - Psychology is defined as:
study of behavior and mental processes
880 - Psychology is derived from a Greek work which means " mind or soul."
psyche
881 - Psychology is focused on the study of topics such as group behavior, perception, leadership, nonverbal behavior, conformity, aggression and prejudice?
Social Psychology
882 - Psychology is known as
the scientific study of mind and behavior
883 - Psychology is said to be study of
Human and animal thoughts, cognitions & behaviour
884 - PSYCHOLOGY IS SCIENCE OF
BEHAVIOR
885 - Psychology is the combination of two words: CHOOSE TWO
Only (A) & (B)
886 - Psychology is the science studying the behaviour of __________?
Living Organism
887 - Psychology is the scientific study of ..... and ..... processes.
Behavior and Mental
888 - Psychology is the scientific study of which of the following?
mental processes and behavior
889 - Psychology is the scientific study of which two?
behavior & mental processes
890 - Psychology is the scientific study of?
Behavior and Mental Processes
891 - Psychology is the study of
All of the above
892 - Psychology is the study of behavior and what?
cognitive activities
893 - Psychology is the study of behavior, cognitive processes, and:
emotions
894 - Psychology is the study of what?
Behavior
895 - Psychology is the study of.....
both mental activity and behavior
896 - Psychology is the.....
.....scientific study of individual human behaviour and cognition.
897 - Psychology is.....
the study of behavior and the mental processes behind it.
898 - Psychology of language
psycholinguistics
899 - Psychology refers to .....
the study of the mind and behavior
900 - Psychology researchers attempt to minimise or eliminate the impact of uncontrolled variables in experiments because the presence of these variables
make it difficult to isolate and evaluate the impact of the independant variable.
901 - Psychology Says?
Mentality, Mindset
902 - Psychology seeks to:Check all possible answers.
All of the above
903 - Psychology should be the scientific study of behavior which is observable and measurable.
Behavioral
904 - Psychology started as a "science of mental life" and is known today as a "....."
science of behavior and mental processes
905 - Psychology studies all except
Physical diseases
906 - Psychology that focuses on how people grow and change over the course of a lifetime?
Developmental psychology
907 - Psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior?
Cross-cultural psychology
908 - Psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research the brain and behavior?
Experimental psychology
909 - Psychology used to diagnose and treat mental illness
Clinical
910 - Psychology used to investigate criminal cases
Forensic
911 - Psychology uses a number of neuroimaging techniques. For example, fMRI shows:
highly detailed 3D images of the brain's structure and can track the flow of oxygen when a person is asked to perform a mental task such as recalling a song title
912 - Psychology was a branch of philosophy until .....
1870
913 - Psychology was formally established by ....., who believed in this type of psychology.
Wundt, structuralism
914 - Psychology's "big debate" concerning why people think, act and feel the way they do is best summed up by the following debate:
Nature v. Nurture
915 - Psychoneurosis tends to be___________?
Severe than the psychoses
916 - Psychophysics is the study of
Psychological perception of physical stimulus
917 - Psychophysics is the study of the relationship between ___________?
Perception and physiological process
918 - Psychosomatic disorders are best illustrated by ___________?
Neurotic anxiety
919 - Psyschologist George Miller discovered that short-term memory is limited to about
seven items
920 - Public conformity is known as?
compliance
921 - Public Law 94-142, ensures that all children with disabilities are entitled to
a free and appropriate education (FAPE).
922 - Publication bias in peer review is similar to:
File drawer problem
923 - Published results of the Stanford Prison Experiment
Haney, Banks & Zimbardo 1973
924 - Punishment is most effective in eliminating undesired behavior when the
Punishment is delivered soon after the behavior
925 - Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
basic research
926 - Purple is described as -
Royal
927 - Pushing unpleasant memories or thoughtsinto the subconscious.
repression
928 - Putting animals in puzzle boxes to study their intelligence was initially undertaken by _______________?
Thorndike
929 - Putting information into the long-term memory by putting it to a song and repeated singing.
elaborative rehearsal
930 - Putting smaller, easier tasks together to form a larger, more complex one.
Chaining
931 - Putting someone down and making them feel awful, when you really feel bad about yourself is an example of which defense mechanism?
Projection
932 - Putting the first letter of each item into a list/word that can be remembered
acronyms
933 - Putting up your middle finger as an example of a learned behavior is an example of what approach?
behaviorism
934 - Qualitative data and quantitative data refers to:
descriptions and numbers, respectively.
935 - Qualitative data can give
detailed and in-depth info
936 - Qualitative data is .....
Detailed and descriptive information about one individual or a small group.
937 - Qualitative data is information collected in the course of psychological research that is.....
Only (A) & (B)
938 - Qualitative research
Only (A) & (B)
939 - Quantitative data.....
Is expressed in numerical values
940 - Quantitive Research
Uses variables and gives you measurable results
941 - Quason was trying to learn the new plays his new basketball coach had devised for the team. Unfortunately, Quason found he was having trouble learning the new plays because he kept confusing them with the plays he had learned with his old coach last seaso
Proactive
942 - Quentin has been monitoring what his siblings do when his parents yell at them, and how their actions change. His approach is most in line with what school of psychological thought?
Behavioral
943 - Questionnaires and interviews that ask people directly about their experiences, attitudes, or opinions.
Surveys
944 - Questions 4-5 refer to the situation described below. In an experiment designed to determine whether scenes on television increase the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a vio
watched the nonviolent cartoon
945 - quick and easy to conduct
Cross-Sectional Studies
946 - r = 0.07 is an example of
a strong negative correlation
947 - R.B.Cattell made a personality test known as
16 PF
948 - Rachel loves rocks, minerals, and gems. What might she study in college?
Geology
949 - Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias our perceptions of other's behavior. This best illustrates the impact of:
top-down processing
950 - Railroad accident - demonstrated frontal lobes important for personality, reasoning, etc.
Phineas Gage
951 - Ralph, a white student who grew up in Maine, is about to enter the University of Southern California on an athletic scholarship. He is aware that many of his teammates will be black and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. Ralph's attitud
prejudice
952 - Random allocation improves validity in a
independent measures design
953 - Random sampling is to ..... as random assignment is to .....
surveys; experiments
954 - Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects.
representative sample
955 - Rank these scatter plots according to the intensity of the correlation represented, from weakest to strongest.
2, 4, 3, 1
956 - Rather than saying a person is "colorblind, " it would be more accurate to say that the person:
lacks red- or green-sensitive cones
957 - Rather than STM being a single inflexible store, what did Baddeley and Hitch 1974 suggest?
STM is made up of several subsystems each having a specialised function
958 - Rational Emotive Therapy - focuses on irrational thinking
Albert Ellis
959 - Rats associate best to the sense of taste. Similarly, so do humans. This is an example of.....
Biological Predisposition
960 - Ray smelled the aroma of the dinner rolls baking in the cafeteria from his classroom. Which type of memory is at work?
Sensory memory
961 - Raymond Cattellproposes the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence.
1963
962 - READ THE CAPTION BELOW THIS AND TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF PSYCHOLOGY IT BELONGS TO?
BEHAVIORISM
963 - Read the following description and select the defense mechanism it describes:When you use this defense mechanism, you might not admit to yourself that you are failing a class even though your last three tests were "F's".
Denial
964 - Real life studies of anxiety and EWT have found that:
High levels of anxiety are associated with high levels of recall
965 - Real life studies of anxiety and eyewitness testimonies have found that:
High levels of anxiety are associated with high levels of recall
966 - Real self vs. ideal self
Carl Rogers
967 - Realibility refers to
Consistency
968 - Realistic Conflict theory arises due to ..... between groups.
Competition
969 - Realistic Conflict Theory is different to social identity theory because .....
It suggests we need competition for a resource e.g. land/ water/ money or status in order to show out group hostility
970 - Realistic conflict theory is similar to social identity theory because .....
Only (A) & (B)
971 - Realistic conflict theory is supported by .....
Sherif - Eagles v's Rattlers
972 - Realistic Conflict theory is supported by what research?
Robber's Cave Study
973 - Rearranging elements of a problem in order to find a new solution is called
recombination
974 - reasons why people conformed - distortion of action
avoiding ridicule
975 - reasons why people conformed - distortion of judgement
self-doubt of their own ability to judge
976 - Recall can be described as
the ability to retrieve information that is not present
977 - Recall is:
the search for info you previously stored
978 - Recall, recognition, and relearning are all ways we measure.....
Memory
979 - Recalling childhood birthdays is an example of which type of memory?
episodic
980 - recalling information from LTM back into STM can also be referred to as
Retrieval
981 - Recalling something that you had once merely imagined happening as something you had directly experienced best illustrates
Source amnesia.
982 - Recalling things based on how they look
Visual Coding
983 - Recalling things based on their sounds.
Acoustic Coding
984 - Recalling things using language skills.
Semantic Coding
985 - Receive and process incoming information.
Dendrites
986 - Receive messages from other neurons, transmit to cell body
Dendrite
987 - Receives information about the world around us:
sensory
988 - Receives sensory information and relays it to the proper part of brain for further processing
Thalamus
989 - Receiving a detention for coming to class tardy too many times is an example of.....
positive punishment
990 - receiving end of a neuron
dendrites
991 - Receiving extra credit for winning a review game.
positive reinforcement
992 - Receiving messages below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
subliminal stimulation
993 - Receiving praise after a musical performance
Positive Reinforcement
994 - Receiving rewards for a good grade
positive reinforcement
995 - Receiving stimuli from the environment
Sensation
996 - Receptor cells in the human eye that are the most sensitive to fine detail are called
cones
997 - Receptors are generally referred to as chemicals are ___________?
gustation and olfaction
998 - Receptors for Visual Processing, Detect Black, white and gray, important in dim light
Rods
999 - Receptors that are responsible for transferring light into neural impulses.
Rods & Cones of Retina
1000 - Reciprocal determinism theory describes the mutual influences between:
personality and environmental factors
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