Steel Structure Designs Most Important MCQs

1 - A butt weld is specified by__________________?

A. effective throat thickness

B. plate thickness

C. size of weld

D. penetration thickness

effective throat thickness

2 - A circular column section is generally not used in actual practice because________________?

A. it is uneconomical

B. it cannot carry the load safely

C. it is difficult to connect beams to the round sections

D. all of the above

it is difficult to connect beams to the round sections

3 - A steel beam supporting loads from the floor slab as well as from wall is termed as________________?

A. stringer beam

B. lintel beam

C. spandrel beam

D. header beam

spandrel beam

4 - According to IS Specifications, the effective length of a column effectively held in position at both ends and restrained in direction at one end is taken as________________?

A. 0.67 L

B. 0.8 L

C. L

D. 1.5 L

0.8 L

5 - According to IS Specifications, the maximum pitch of rivets in compression is_____________________?

A. lesser of 200 mm and 12 t

B. lesser of 200 mm and 161

C. lesser of 300 mm and 32 t

D. lesser of 3 00 mm and 24 t where t is thickness of thinnest outside plate or angle

lesser of 200 mm and 12 t

6 - According to IS:800, in the Merchant Rankine formula the value of imperfection index (n) is_______________?

A. 1

B. 1.4

C. 1.8

D. 2

1.4

7 - Angle of inclination of the lacing bar with the longitudinal axis of the column should preferably be between____________________?

A. 10° to 30°

B. 30° to 40°

C. 40° to 70°

D. 90°

40° to 70°

8 - Area of openings for buildings of large permeability is more than_________________?

A. 10% of wall area

B. 20% of wall area

C. 30% of wall area

D. 50% of wall area

20% of wall area

9 - As compared to field rivets, the shop rivets are________________?

A. stronger

B. weaker

C. equally strong

D. any of the above

stronger

10 - As per IS : 800, for compression flange, the outstand of flange plates should not exceed________________?

A. 121

B. 161

C. 201

D. 251

161

11 - As per IS : 875, for the purposes of specifying basic wind velocity, the country has been divided into_____________________?

A. 4 zones

B. 5 zones

C. 6 zones

D. 7 zones

6 zones

12 - Bearing stiffener in a plate girder is used to__________________?

A. transfer the load from the top flange to the bottom one

B. prevent buckling of web

C. decrease the effective depth of web

D. prevent excessive deflection

prevent buckling of web

13 - Bending compressive and tensile stresses respectively are calculated based on_________________?

A. net area and gross area

B. gross area and net area

C. net area in both cases

D. gross area in both cases

gross area and net area

14 - Bolts are most suitable to carry_________________?

A. shear

B. bending

C. axial tension

D. shear and bending

axial tension

15 - By providing sufficient edge distance, which of the following failures of riveted joint can be avoided ?

A. tension failure of the plate

B. shear failure of the rivet

C. shear failure of the plate

D. crushing failure of the rivet

shear failure of the plate

16 - compression force in two end posts The pin of a rocker bearing in a bridge is designed for_________________?

A. bearing and shear

B. bending and shear

C. bearing and bending

D. bearing, shear and bending

bearing, shear and bending

17 - Efficiency of a riveted joint, having the minimum pitch as per IS : 800, is_________________?

A. 0.4

B. 0.5

C. 0.6

D. 0.7

0.6

18 - For a compression member with double angle section, which of the following section will give larger value of minimum radius of gyration?

A. equal angles back to back

B. unqual legged angles with long legs back to back

C. unequal legged angles with short legs back to back

D. both (B) or (C)

unqual legged angles with long legs back to back

19 - For a standard 45° fillet, the ratio of size of fillet to throat thickness is_______________?

A. 0.042361111111

B. 1 : V2

C. V2 : 1

D. 0.084027777778

V2 : 1

20 - For rivets in tension with counter-sunk heads, the tensile value shall be____________________?

A. reduced by 25 %

B. reduced by 33.3%

C. increased by 25 %

D. increased by 33.3 %

reduced by 33.3%

21 - For the buildings having a low permeability, the internal wind pressure acting normal to the wall and roof surfaces is taken as__________________?

A. zero

B. ±0.2p

C. ± 0.5 p

D. ±0.7p where p is basic wind pressure

±0.2p

22 - Gantry girders are designed to resist_________________?

A. lateral loads

B. longitudinal loads and vertical loads

C. lateral, longitudinal and vertical loads

D. lateral and longitudinal loads

lateral, longitudinal and vertical loads

23 - Generally the purlins are placed at the panel points so as to avoid__________________?

A. axial force in rafter

B. shear force in rafter

C. deflection of rafter

D. bending moment in rafter

bending moment in rafter

24 - Hudson's formula gives the dead weight of a truss bridge as a function of_________________?

A. bottom chord area

B. top chord area

C. effective span of bridge

D. heaviest axle load of engine

bottom chord area

25 - If the floor is supported at or near the bottom but top chords of a bridge are not braced, then the bridge is called________________?

A. deck type

B. through type

C. half through type

D. double deck type

half through type

26 - If the loaded length of span in meters of a railway steel bridge carrying a single track is 6 m, then impact factor is taken as_________________?

A. 0

B. 0.5

C. between 0.5 and 1.0

D. 1

between 0.5 and 1.0

27 - If the thickness of plate to be connected by a rivet is 16 mm, then suitable size of rivet as per Unwin's formula will be__________________?

A. 16 mm

B. 20 mm

C. 24 mm

D. 27 mm

24 mm

28 - If the thickness of thinnest outside plate is 10 mm, then the maximum pitch of rivets in tension will be taken as______________?

A. 120 mm

B. 160 mm

C. 200 mm

D. 300 mm

160 mm

29 - In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to base plate__________________?

A. fully by direct bearing

B. fully through fastenings

C. 50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings

D. 75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings

50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings

30 - In case of plastic design, the calculated maximum shear capacity of a beam as per IS:800 shall be________________?

A. 0.55 Awfy

B. 0.65 Awfy

C. 0.75 Awfy

D. 0.85 Awfy where, Aw = effective cross-sectional area resisting shear fy = yield stress of the steel

0.55 Awfy

31 - In case of timber structures, the form factor for solid circular cross-section is taken as_________________?

A. 1.18

B. 1.414

C. 1.67

D. 1.81

1.18

32 - In case of timber structures, the simple bending formula M = fz may be applied for________________?

A. rectangular beams up to 300 mm depth

B. all rectangular beams

C. solid circular beams only

D. all square cross-section beams

rectangular beams up to 300 mm depth

33 - In moment resistant connections, the moment resistance of riveted connection depends upon________________?

A. shear in rivets

B. compression in rivets

C. tension in rivets

D. strength of rivets in bearing

tension in rivets

34 - In the virtual work method, the virtual quantity is_________________?

A. displacement

B. load

C. slope

D. moment

displacement

35 - Largest percentage of material in the rail is in its__________________?

A. head

B. web

C. foot

D. head and foot both

head

36 - Load factor is____________________?

A. always equal to factor of safety

B. always less than factor of safety

C. always greater than factor of safety

D. sometimes greater than factor of safety

always greater than factor of safety

37 - Lug angles_________________?

A. are used to reduce the length of connection.

B. are unequal angles.

C. increases shear lag.

D. all the above

are used to reduce the length of connection.

38 - Maximum pitch of rivets, used in steel stacks, is limited to_______________?

A. 6t

B. 101

C. 121

D. 161 where t is thickness of thinner plate being connected

101

39 - Minimum pitch provided in riveted steel tanks is________________?

A. 1.5 d

B. 2.0 d

C. 2.5 d

D. 3.0 d

3.0 d

40 - Minimum thickness of web in a plate girder, when the plate is accessible and also exposed to weather, is______________?

A. 5 mm

B. 6 mm

C. 8 mm

D. 10 mm

6 mm

41 - Normally, the angle of roof truss with asbestos sheets should not be less than_______________?

A. 26'/2°

B. 30°

C. 35°

D. 40°

30°

42 - Other conditions being same, the load factor in indeterminate structures is_______________?

A. equal to load factor in determinate structures

B. more than the load factor in determinate structures

C. less than the load factor in determinate structures

D. unpredictable

more than the load factor in determinate structures

43 - Pitch of tacking rivets, when double angles connected back to back and acting as tension members should not be more than_________________?

A. 500 mm

B. 600 mm

C. 1000 mm

D. 300 mm

1000 mm

44 - Shape factor is a property which depends________________?

A. only on the ultimate stress of the material

B. only on the yield stress of the material

C. only on the geometry of the section

D. both on the yield stress and ultimate stress of material

only on the geometry of the section

45 - Shear buckling of web in a plate girder is prevented by using________________?

A. vertical intermediate stiffener

B. horizontal stiffener at neutral axis

C. bearing stiffener

D. none of the above

vertical intermediate stiffener

46 - Steel tanks are mainly designed for_______________________?

A. weight of tank

B. wind pressure

C. water pressure

D. earthquake forces

water pressure

47 - The actual thickness of butt weld as compared to the thickness of plate is usually________________?

A. more

B. less

C. equal

D. none of the above

48 - The allowable shear stress in the web of mild steel beams decreases with__________________?

A. decrease in h/t ratio

B. increase in h/t ratio

C. decrease in thickness

D. increase in height where 'h' is height and t is thickness

increase in h/t ratio

49 - The allowable tensile stress in structural mild steel plates for steel tank is assumed as________________?

A. 95.0 MPa on net area

B. 105.5 MPa on net area

C. 105.5 MPa on gross area

D. 150.0 MPa on gross area

105.5 MPa on net area

50 - The basic wind speed is specified at a height 'h' above mean ground level in an open terrain. The value of'h' is__________________?

A. 10 m

B. 20 m

C. 25 m

D. 50 m

10 m

51 - The best arrangement to provide unified behaviour in built up steel columns is by______________?

A. lacing

B. battening

C. tie plates

D. perforated cover plates

lacing

52 - The bracing between two columns of a steel tank will be designed to resist_________________?

A. horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake only

B. horizontal, shear due to wind or earthquake + 2.5% of column loads

C. column loads + 2.5% of horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake

D. column loads + full horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake

horizontal, shear due to wind or earthquake + 2.5% of column loads

53 - The bracing provided in the plane of end posts is called__________________?

A. sway bracing

B. portal bracing

C. top lateral bracing

D. bottom lateral bracing

portal bracing

54 - The capacity of the smallest pressed steel tank is__________________?

A. 1000 litre

B. 1650 litre

C. 1950 litre

D. 2450 litre

1950 litre

55 - The centrifugal force due to curvature of track is assumed to act on the bridge at a height of___________________?

A. 1.23 m above the rail level

B. 1.50 m above the rail level

C. 1.83 m above the rail level

D. 2.13 m above the rail level

1.83 m above the rail level

56 - The connection of intermediate vertical stiffeners to the web, not subjected to external loads, shall be designed for a minimum shear force (kN/m) of___________________?

A. 75 t2/h

B. 125 t3/h2

C. 125 t2/h

D. 175 t2/h

125 t2/h

57 - The cross-sectional area of 52 kg flat footed rail is_________________?

A. 6155 mm2

B. 6615 mm2

C. 7235 mm2

D. 7825 mm2

6615 mm2

58 - The diameter of base of conical flare of a steel stack is_____________________?

A. less than d

B. equal to d

C. more than d

D. any of the above

more than d

59 - The difference between gross diameter and nominal diameter for the rivets up to 25 mm diameter is__________________?

A. 1.0 mm

B. 1.5 mm

C. 2.0 mm

D. 2.5 mm

1.5 mm

60 - The effective length of a battened column is increased by_________________?

A. 0.05

B. 0.1

C. 0.15

D. 0.2

0.1

61 - The effective length of a battened strut effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained in direction is taken as________________?

A. 1.8 L

B. L

C. 1.1 L

D. 1.5 L

1.1 L

62 - The effective length of a fillet weld should not be less than___________________?

A. two times the weld size

B. four times the weld size

C. six times the weld size

D. weld size

four times the weld size

63 - The elastic strain for steel is about_________________?

A. 1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/120 of maxi-mum strain

B. 1/2 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/12 of maxi-mum strain

C. 1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and 1/200 of maximum strain

D. 1/24 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/200 of maximum strain

1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and 1/200 of maximum strain

64 - The external wind pressure acting on a roof depends on__________________?

A. degree of permeability of roof

B. slope of roof

C. both (A) and (B)

D. none of the above

slope of roof

65 - The heaviest I-section for same depth is_________________?

A. ISMB

B. ISLB

C. ISHB

D. ISWB

ISHB

66 - The internal pressure coefficient on walls for buildings with large permeability is taken as_______________?

A. ± 0.2

B. ±0.5

C. ± 0.7

D. 0

± 0.7

67 - The least dimension in case of a circular column of diameter D is taken as_______________?

A. 0.5 D

B. 0.68 D

C. 0.88 D

D. D

0.88 D

68 - The live load for a sloping roof with slope 15°, where access is not provided to roof, is taken as_______________?

A. 0.65 kN/m2

B. 0.75 kN/m2

C. 1.35 kN/m2

D. 1.50 kN/m2

0.65 kN/m2

69 - The maximum permissible span of asbestos cement sheets is______________________?

A. 650 mm

B. 810 mm

C. 1250 mm

D. 1680 mm

1680 mm

70 - The maximum slenderness ratio of a compression member carrying both dead and superimposed load is___________________?

A. 180

B. 200

C. 250

D. 350

180

71 - The maximum slenderness ratio of a steel column, the design of which is governed by wind or seismic forces is________________?

A. 150

B. 180

C. 250

D. 350

250

72 - The maximum spacing of vertical stiffeners is_________________?

A. 1.33 d

B. 1.25 d

C. 1.5 d

D. 1.75 d

1.5 d

73 - The mechanism method and the statical method give__________________?

A. lower and upper bounds respectively on the strength of structure

B. upper and lower bounds respectively on the strength of structure

C. lower bound on the strength of structure

D. upper bound on the strength of structure

upper and lower bounds respectively on the strength of structure

74 - The mechanism method of plastic analysis satisfies___________________?

A. equilibrium and mechanism conditions

B. equilibrium and plastic moment conditions

C. mechanism and plastic moment conditions

D. equilibrium condition only

equilibrium and mechanism conditions

75 - The minimum thickness of a steel plate, which is directly exposed to weather and is not accessible for cleaning and repainting, should be___________________?

A. 4.5 mm

B. 6 mm

C. 8 mm

D. 10 mm

8 mm

76 - The minimum thickness of plates in a steel stack should be___________________?

A. 4 mm

B. 5 mm

C. 6 mm

D. 8 mm

6 mm

77 - The moment of inertia of the pair of vertical stiffeners about the center line of the web should not be less than__________________?

A. 1.5dV/C

B. 1.5d¥/C

C. 1.5d¥/C2

D. 1.5dY/C3

1.5d¥/C2

78 - The moment-curvature relation at a plastic hinge is________________?

A. linear

B. parabolic

C. constant moment for all curvatures

D. constant curvature for all moments

constant moment for all curvatures

79 - The number of seismic zones in which the country has been divided are_________________?

A. 3

B. 5

C. 6

D. 7

80 - The portal bracing in a truss bridge is used to_____________________?

A. transfer load from top of end posts to bearings

B. keep the rectangular shape of the bridge cross-section

C. stiffen the structure laterally

D. prevent the sidesway buckling of top chord

transfer load from top of end posts to bearings

81 - The rail is designated by its__________________?

A. length

B. weight

C. cross-section

D. weight per unit length

weight per unit length

82 - The range of economical spacing of trusses varies from________________?

A. L/3 to L/5

B. L/4to2L/5

C. L/3 to L/2

D. 2L/5 to 3L/5 where L is span

L/3 to L/5

83 - The ratio of plastic section modulus to elastic section modulus__________________?

A. is equal to 1

B. is always less than 1

C. is always greater than 1

D. can be less than 1

is always greater than 1

84 - The relation between intensity of wind pressure p and velocity of wind V is taken as_______________?

A. pa V

B. paV2

C. p a (1/V)

D. paV”2

paV2

85 - The risk coefficient k, depends on__________________?

A. mean probable design life of structures

B. basic wind speed

C. both (A) and (B)

D. none of the above

both (A) and (B)

86 - The shape factor of an isosceles triangle for bending about the axis parallel to the base is________________?

A. 1.5

B. 1.7

C. 2

D. 2.34

2.34

87 - The slenderness ratio of a column supported throughout its length by a masonry wall is________________?

A. zero

B. 10

C. 100

D. infinity

zero

88 - The slenderness ratio of lacing bars should not exceed________________?

A. 100

B. 120

C. 145

D. 180

145

89 - The standard length of rail for Broad Gauge and Meter Gauge are respectively __________________?

A. 12 m and 12 m

B. 12 m and 13 m

C. 13 m and 12 m

D. 13 m and 13 m

13 m and 12 m

90 - The statical method of plastic analysis satisfies_______________?

A. equilibrium and mechanism conditions

B. equilibrium and plastic moment conditions

C. mechanism and plastic moment conditions

D. equilibrium condition only

equilibrium and plastic moment conditions

91 - The sway bracing is designed to transfer____________________?

A. 2Vi % of the top panel wind load to bottom bracing

B. 10% of the top panel wind load to bottom bracing

C. 25% of the top panel wind load to bottom bracing

D. 50% of the top panel wind load to bottom bracing

50% of the top panel wind load to bottom bracing

92 - The use of tie plates in laced columns is_________________?

A. prohibited

B. not prohibited

C. permitted at start and end of lacing system only

D. permitted between two parts of the lacing

permitted at start and end of lacing system only

93 - To minimize the total cost of a roof truss, the ratio of the cost of truss to the cost of purlins shall be_______________?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

94 - Two important constituents in the com-position of steel used for rail are_________________?

A. carbon and silicon

B. manganese and phosphorous

C. carbon and manganese

D. carbon and sulfur

carbon and manganese

95 - When the axis of load lies in the plane of rivet group, then the most heavily loaded rivet will be the one which________________?

A. is at the maximum distance from CG of the rivet group

B. is at the minimum distance from CG of the rivet group

C. gives the maximum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm

D. gives the minimum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm

gives the minimum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm

96 - When the axis of load lies in the plane of rivet group, then the rivets are subjected to________________?

A. only shear stresses

B. only tensile stresses

C. both (A) and (B)

D. none of the above

only shear stresses

97 - When the bolts are subjected to reversal of stresses, the most suitable type of bolt is________________?

A. black bolt

B. ordinary unfinished bolt

C. turned and fitted bolt

D. high strength bolt

high strength bolt

98 - Which of the following conditions is to be satisfied both in elastic and plastic analysis ?

A. equilibrium condition

B. yield condition

C. plastic moment condition

D. mechanism condition

equilibrium condition

99 - Which of the following sections should preferably be used at places where torsion occurs ?

A. angle section

B. channel section

C. box type section

D. any of the above

box type section

100 - Which of the following types of riveted joint is free from bending stresses ?

A. lap joint

B. butt joint with single cover plate

C. butt joint with double cover plates

D. none of the above

butt joint with double cover plates

Pages

Subject Wise MCQs

Post Wise MCQs

Past Papers

Pages

Steel Structure Designs Most Important MCQs

1 - A butt weld is specified by__________________?

2 - A circular column section is generally not used in actual practice because________________?

3 - A steel beam supporting loads from the floor slab as well as from wall is termed as________________?

4 - According to IS Specifications, the effective length of a column effectively held in position at both ends and restrained in direction at one end is taken as________________?

5 - According to IS Specifications, the maximum pitch of rivets in compression is_____________________?

6 - According to IS:800, in the Merchant Rankine formula the value of imperfection index (n) is_______________?

7 - Angle of inclination of the lacing bar with the longitudinal axis of the column should preferably be between____________________?

8 - Area of openings for buildings of large permeability is more than_________________?

9 - As compared to field rivets, the shop rivets are________________?

10 - As per IS : 800, for compression flange, the outstand of flange plates should not exceed________________?

11 - As per IS : 875, for the purposes of specifying basic wind velocity, the country has been divided into_____________________?

12 - Bearing stiffener in a plate girder is used to__________________?

13 - Bending compressive and tensile stresses respectively are calculated based on_________________?

14 - Bolts are most suitable to carry_________________?

15 - By providing sufficient edge distance, which of the following failures of riveted joint can be avoided ?

16 - compression force in two end posts The pin of a rocker bearing in a bridge is designed for_________________?

17 - Efficiency of a riveted joint, having the minimum pitch as per IS : 800, is_________________?

18 - For a compression member with double angle section, which of the following section will give larger value of minimum radius of gyration?

19 - For a standard 45° fillet, the ratio of size of fillet to throat thickness is_______________?

20 - For rivets in tension with counter-sunk heads, the tensile value shall be____________________?

21 - For the buildings having a low permeability, the internal wind pressure acting normal to the wall and roof surfaces is taken as__________________?

22 - Gantry girders are designed to resist_________________?

23 - Generally the purlins are placed at the panel points so as to avoid__________________?

24 - Hudson's formula gives the dead weight of a truss bridge as a function of_________________?

25 - If the floor is supported at or near the bottom but top chords of a bridge are not braced, then the bridge is called________________?

26 - If the loaded length of span in meters of a railway steel bridge carrying a single track is 6 m, then impact factor is taken as_________________?

27 - If the thickness of plate to be connected by a rivet is 16 mm, then suitable size of rivet as per Unwin's formula will be__________________?

28 - If the thickness of thinnest outside plate is 10 mm, then the maximum pitch of rivets in tension will be taken as______________?

29 - In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to base plate__________________?

30 - In case of plastic design, the calculated maximum shear capacity of a beam as per IS:800 shall be________________?

31 - In case of timber structures, the form factor for solid circular cross-section is taken as_________________?

32 - In case of timber structures, the simple bending formula M = fz may be applied for________________?

33 - In moment resistant connections, the moment resistance of riveted connection depends upon________________?

34 - In the virtual work method, the virtual quantity is_________________?

35 - Largest percentage of material in the rail is in its__________________?

36 - Load factor is____________________?

37 - Lug angles_________________?

38 - Maximum pitch of rivets, used in steel stacks, is limited to_______________?

39 - Minimum pitch provided in riveted steel tanks is________________?

40 - Minimum thickness of web in a plate girder, when the plate is accessible and also exposed to weather, is______________?

41 - Normally, the angle of roof truss with asbestos sheets should not be less than_______________?

42 - Other conditions being same, the load factor in indeterminate structures is_______________?

43 - Pitch of tacking rivets, when double angles connected back to back and acting as tension members should not be more than_________________?

44 - Shape factor is a property which depends________________?

45 - Shear buckling of web in a plate girder is prevented by using________________?

46 - Steel tanks are mainly designed for_______________________?

47 - The actual thickness of butt weld as compared to the thickness of plate is usually________________?

48 - The allowable shear stress in the web of mild steel beams decreases with__________________?

49 - The allowable tensile stress in structural mild steel plates for steel tank is assumed as________________?

50 - The basic wind speed is specified at a height 'h' above mean ground level in an open terrain. The value of'h' is__________________?

51 - The best arrangement to provide unified behaviour in built up steel columns is by______________?

52 - The bracing between two columns of a steel tank will be designed to resist_________________?

53 - The bracing provided in the plane of end posts is called__________________?

54 - The capacity of the smallest pressed steel tank is__________________?

55 - The centrifugal force due to curvature of track is assumed to act on the bridge at a height of___________________?

56 - The connection of intermediate vertical stiffeners to the web, not subjected to external loads, shall be designed for a minimum shear force (kN/m) of___________________?

57 - The cross-sectional area of 52 kg flat footed rail is_________________?

58 - The diameter of base of conical flare of a steel stack is_____________________?

59 - The difference between gross diameter and nominal diameter for the rivets up to 25 mm diameter is__________________?

60 - The effective length of a battened column is increased by_________________?

61 - The effective length of a battened strut effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained in direction is taken as________________?

62 - The effective length of a fillet weld should not be less than___________________?

63 - The elastic strain for steel is about_________________?

64 - The external wind pressure acting on a roof depends on__________________?

65 - The heaviest I-section for same depth is_________________?

66 - The internal pressure coefficient on walls for buildings with large permeability is taken as_______________?

67 - The least dimension in case of a circular column of diameter D is taken as_______________?

68 - The live load for a sloping roof with slope 15°, where access is not provided to roof, is taken as_______________?

69 - The maximum permissible span of asbestos cement sheets is______________________?

70 - The maximum slenderness ratio of a compression member carrying both dead and superimposed load is___________________?

71 - The maximum slenderness ratio of a steel column, the design of which is governed by wind or seismic forces is________________?

72 - The maximum spacing of vertical stiffeners is_________________?

73 - The mechanism method and the statical method give__________________?

74 - The mechanism method of plastic analysis satisfies___________________?

75 - The minimum thickness of a steel plate, which is directly exposed to weather and is not accessible for cleaning and repainting, should be___________________?