1 - A 30 years old patient developed high fever of sudden onset. Peripheral blood smear showed cresent shaped gametocytes. Malaria pigment was dark brown in colour Which of the following malarial parasites is the causative agent ?
1 - A 30 years old patient developed high fever of sudden onset. Peripheral blood smear showed cresent shaped gametocytes. Malaria pigment was dark brown in colour Which of the following malarial parasites is the causative agent ?
Plasmodium falciparum
2 - A cerebrospinal fluid of a 2 years old child has been sent to the laboratory to detect the presence of capsulated yeast. The staining technique most commonly employed for the purpose is______________?
2 - A cerebrospinal fluid of a 2 years old child has been sent to the laboratory to detect the presence of capsulated yeast. The staining technique most commonly employed for the purpose is______________?
India ink preparation
3 - A child presents with infective skin lesions of the leg. Culture was done which showed gram positive cocci in chains and haemolytic colonies. Which of the following tests will best identify the organism ?
3 - A child presents with infective skin lesions of the leg. Culture was done which showed gram positive cocci in chains and haemolytic colonies. Which of the following tests will best identify the organism ?
Bacitracin sensitivity
4 - A darkfield microscope would be useful in examining blood for_______________?
4 - A darkfield microscope would be useful in examining blood for_______________?
Treponema
5 - A dentist suffred from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His laboratory tests are normal but he is not allowed by the medical board to do surgical practice. He is_____________?
5 - A dentist suffred from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His laboratory tests are normal but he is not allowed by the medical board to do surgical practice. He is_____________?
Convalscent carrier
6 - A mother donated a kidney to her daughter having chronic renal failure, which kind of graft it represents________________?
6 - A mother donated a kidney to her daughter having chronic renal failure, which kind of graft it represents________________?
Allo
7 - A person working in an abattoir presented with a papule on hand, which turned in to an ulcer. Which will best help in diagnosis______________?
7 - A person working in an abattoir presented with a papule on hand, which turned in to an ulcer. Which will best help in diagnosis______________?
Trichrome Methylene blue
8 - A rise in the anti-HBc immunoglobulin in a patient indicates________________?
8 - A rise in the anti-HBc immunoglobulin in a patient indicates________________?
Acute infection
9 - A sporangium contains_______________?
9 - A sporangium contains_______________?
porangiospores
10 - A type of immediately occuring reaction in which antigens combine with antibodies already attached to the surface of mast cells and basophils is called_____________?
10 - A type of immediately occuring reaction in which antigens combine with antibodies already attached to the surface of mast cells and basophils is called_____________?
Type I hypersensitivity
11 - A woman with infertility receives an ovary transplant from her sister who is an identical Twin. What type of graft it is ?
11 - A woman with infertility receives an ovary transplant from her sister who is an identical Twin. What type of graft it is ?
Isograft
12 - A young pregnant woman presents with fulminant hepatic failure. The most likely aetiological agent is_____________?
12 - A young pregnant woman presents with fulminant hepatic failure. The most likely aetiological agent is_____________?
Hepatitis E virus
13 - Active artificial immunization is induced by the administration of all of the following EXCEPT______________?
13 - Active artificial immunization is induced by the administration of all of the following EXCEPT______________?
Antitoxins
14 - Adjuvant given along with antigens are going to________________?
14 - Adjuvant given along with antigens are going to________________?
Increase antigenicity
15 - Aflatoxins are produced by________________?
15 - Aflatoxins are produced by________________?
Aspergillus flavus
16 - All are not true for cultivation of anaerobic organisms except_______________?
16 - All are not true for cultivation of anaerobic organisms except_______________?
anaerobic jar
17 - All are oncogenic except________________?
17 - All are oncogenic except________________?
Aedes
18 - All are oncogenic except________________?
18 - All are oncogenic except________________?
Herpes simplex virus
19 - All are seen in a cysts of E. histolytica except_____________?
19 - All are seen in a cysts of E. histolytica except_____________?
Refractile nucleus
20 - All are true about Entamoeba histolytica except________________?
20 - All are true about Entamoeba histolytica except________________?
Cysts are 8 nucleated
21 - All of the following infections may be transmitted be dental instruments except____________?
21 - All of the following infections may be transmitted be dental instruments except____________?
Hepatitis E
22 - All the following amoeba live in the large intestine except_________________?
22 - All the following amoeba live in the large intestine except_________________?
gingivalis
23 - Amoebic liver abscess can be diagnosed by demonstratig________________?
23 - Amoebic liver abscess can be diagnosed by demonstratig________________?
Trophozoites in the pus
24 - An example of naturally acquired passive immunity is__________________?
24 - An example of naturally acquired passive immunity is__________________?
Placental transfer of antibodies
25 - Anaerobic bacteria can be cultured in__________________?
25 - Anaerobic bacteria can be cultured in__________________?
Robertson cooked meat medium
26 - Anaphylaxis refers to the________________?
26 - Anaphylaxis refers to the________________?
Severe reaction following the injection of protein solution in a sensitized individual
27 - Anti HBsAB indicates______________?
27 - Anti HBsAB indicates______________?
Good prognosis
28 - Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of micro organisms is determined by________________?
28 - Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of micro organisms is determined by________________?
Culture
29 - Antibody to HSV will begin to appear_____________________?
29 - Antibody to HSV will begin to appear_____________________?
in a week and reach a peak in 3 weeks
30 - Antigen combining site of the antibody is____________________?
30 - Antigen combining site of the antibody is____________________?
Paratope
31 - Australia antigen is associated with________________?
31 - Australia antigen is associated with________________?
Hepatitis B surface antigen in acute hepatitis
32 - Australian antigen is_______________?
32 - Australian antigen is_______________?
HBs AG
33 - B.C.G untrue is_____________?
33 - B.C.G untrue is_____________?
Orally administered
34 - Babu, a 28 year old male comes with compaint of exposure 3 wks back, having cervical Lymphadenopathy, Hepatosplenomegaly. Diagnosis of HIV is done by____________?
34 - Babu, a 28 year old male comes with compaint of exposure 3 wks back, having cervical Lymphadenopathy, Hepatosplenomegaly. Diagnosis of HIV is done by____________?
P24 antigen
35 - Baby born to mother suffering from AIDS, all are true except________________?
35 - Baby born to mother suffering from AIDS, all are true except________________?
50% chances to have AIDS
36 - Bacteria with tuft of flagella at one end are called_______________?
36 - Bacteria with tuft of flagella at one end are called_______________?
Lophotrichate
37 - Bacterial cell does not possess___________________?
37 - Bacterial cell does not possess___________________?
Mitochondria
38 - Bacterial spores are destroyed by_______________?
38 - Bacterial spores are destroyed by_______________?
Autoclave
39 - Bacteriophage was discovered by_________________?
39 - Bacteriophage was discovered by_________________?
Twort and d'herelle
40 - Best method of sterilizing disposable syringes_______________?
40 - Best method of sterilizing disposable syringes_______________?
Gamma rays
41 - Black water fever is caused by______________?
41 - Black water fever is caused by______________?
Plasmodium falciparum
42 - Blood agar is________________?
42 - Blood agar is________________?
Enriched media
43 - Both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions are present in which of the following viruses_____________?
43 - Both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions are present in which of the following viruses_____________?
Measles virus
44 - By using phase contrast microscope_______________?
44 - By using phase contrast microscope_______________?
Internal structures are differentiated in living cells
45 - Candida albicans causes all of the following except______________?
45 - Candida albicans causes all of the following except______________?
Mycetoma
46 - Candida is most often implicated in causation___________________?
46 - Candida is most often implicated in causation___________________?
Thrush
47 - Candidal hyphae can be stained using_______________?
47 - Candidal hyphae can be stained using_______________?
Periodic acid schiff stain
48 - Causative organism of Kalahazar is_______________?
48 - Causative organism of Kalahazar is_______________?
Leishman donovani
49 - CD4 cells recognize the antigens in association with_____________?
49 - CD4 cells recognize the antigens in association with_____________?
MHC II
50 - CD4 count in normal healthy adult is_______________?
50 - CD4 count in normal healthy adult is_______________?
1000
51 - Cell wall deficient bacteria are_______________?
51 - Cell wall deficient bacteria are_______________?
Mycoplasma
52 - Certain viruses have been isolated in crytalline form and have been found to be_____________?
52 - Certain viruses have been isolated in crytalline form and have been found to be_____________?
Nucleoproteins
53 - Characteristic feature of retrovirus is_____________?
53 - Characteristic feature of retrovirus is_____________?
Reverse transcriptase
54 - Characters of exotoxin include all, except_______________?
54 - Characters of exotoxin include all, except_______________?
Protein polysaccharide complex
55 - Chemotactic cytokine is_________________?
55 - Chemotactic cytokine is_________________?
IL-8
56 - Cleavage of IgG molecule by Papin gives rise to:One Fc fragment and two Fab fragments_______________?
56 - Cleavage of IgG molecule by Papin gives rise to:One Fc fragment and two Fab fragments_______________?
One Fc fragment and two Fab fragments
57 - Cold sterilization refers to the process of sterilization by use of______________?
57 - Cold sterilization refers to the process of sterilization by use of______________?
Gamma rays
58 - Cold sterilization refers to the process of sterilization by use of____________________?
58 - Cold sterilization refers to the process of sterilization by use of____________________?
Gamma rays
59 - Common name for Trichuris trichura________________?
59 - Common name for Trichuris trichura________________?
Whip worm
60 - Commonest site of extra intestinal amoebiasis is___________________?
60 - Commonest site of extra intestinal amoebiasis is___________________?
Liver
61 - compared with autoclave, use of a dry heat over for sterilization has the following disadvantages______________?
61 - compared with autoclave, use of a dry heat over for sterilization has the following disadvantages______________?
Time-consuming
62 - Complement binding immunoglobin via the classical pathway is_______________?
62 - Complement binding immunoglobin via the classical pathway is_______________?
IgG & igM
63 - Complement factor through which common pathway begins___________________?
63 - Complement factor through which common pathway begins___________________?
C3
64 - Components of innate immunity that are active against viral cells includes______________?
64 - Components of innate immunity that are active against viral cells includes______________?
NK Cells
65 - Confirmatory test for HIV infection is a_______________?
65 - Confirmatory test for HIV infection is a_______________?
Western Blot
66 - Culture media of candida is_________________?
66 - Culture media of candida is_________________?
Saboraud's medium
67 - Culture medium for corynebacterium diphtheria_______________?
67 - Culture medium for corynebacterium diphtheria_______________?
Loefflers serum slope
68 - Cysticercosis celluosae is caused by_____________?
68 - Cysticercosis celluosae is caused by_____________?
T. Solium
69 - Cytopathic effect is shown by_____________?
69 - Cytopathic effect is shown by_____________?
Virus
70 - Dark ground microscopy is useful to identify______________?
70 - Dark ground microscopy is useful to identify______________?
Spirochaetes
71 - Delhi boil refer to_______________?
71 - Delhi boil refer to_______________?
L. Tropica sore
72 - Dematophytes are fungi infecting________________?
72 - Dematophytes are fungi infecting________________?
Nails, hair and skin
73 - Dengue Hemorrhagic fever is caused by_____________?
73 - Dengue Hemorrhagic fever is caused by_____________?
Virus
74 - Dengue virus belongs to______________?
74 - Dengue virus belongs to______________?
Flavi virus
75 - Detergents used to disinfect dental instruments in the office kill bacteria by interfering with functional of the cell______________?
75 - Detergents used to disinfect dental instruments in the office kill bacteria by interfering with functional of the cell______________?
membrane
76 - Disinfection frees the surface from______________?
76 - Disinfection frees the surface from______________?
Vegetative forms
77 - Disinfection of the rooms can be done by using_______________?
77 - Disinfection of the rooms can be done by using_______________?
40% formaldehyde vapour
78 - DNA covering material in a virus is called as________________?
78 - DNA covering material in a virus is called as________________?
Capsid
79 - Donovanosis, true is___________________?
79 - Donovanosis, true is___________________?
Caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
80 - Dorset's egg medium is used for cultivation of______________?
80 - Dorset's egg medium is used for cultivation of______________?
Mycobacterium
81 - Dry heat destroys microorganisms by_____________?
81 - Dry heat destroys microorganisms by_____________?
Oxidation
82 - During the Window period of patient with AIDS_______________?
82 - During the Window period of patient with AIDS_______________?
Both are – ve
83 - EBV causes all except_________________?
83 - EBV causes all except_________________?
Papilloma
84 - EBV is responsible for all except______________?
84 - EBV is responsible for all except______________?
Hepatoma
85 - ELISA test when compared to western blot technique is______________?
85 - ELISA test when compared to western blot technique is______________?
More sensitive, less specific
86 - Endoscopes are sterilized by using_______________?
86 - Endoscopes are sterilized by using_______________?
Boiling
87 - Endotoxins are produced by________________?
87 - Endotoxins are produced by________________?
Gram -ve bacteria
88 - Endotoxins differ from exotoxins in that endotoxins______________?
88 - Endotoxins differ from exotoxins in that endotoxins______________?
activate complement by the alternate pathway
89 - Enterically transmitted NANB hepatitis B_____________?
89 - Enterically transmitted NANB hepatitis B_____________?
Hepatitis E
90 - Exaltation is________________?
90 - Exaltation is________________?
Increased Virulence
91 - Example of immune complex hyper-sensitivity reaction is______________?
91 - Example of immune complex hyper-sensitivity reaction is______________?
Serum sickness
92 - Exotoxins are____________________?
92 - Exotoxins are____________________?
Protein compound
93 - First released immunoglobulin after primary immunization_______________?
93 - First released immunoglobulin after primary immunization_______________?
IgM
94 - Flash pasteurization of milk is done at what temperature______________?
94 - Flash pasteurization of milk is done at what temperature______________?
72° for 15 – 20 Sec
95 - Following are the characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans EXCEPT________________?
95 - Following are the characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans EXCEPT________________?
Noncapsulated fungus infecting man
96 - Following hepatitis B infection through blood transfusion disease manifests in_____________?
96 - Following hepatitis B infection through blood transfusion disease manifests in_____________?
1 week
97 - Following is a retrovirus_____________?
97 - Following is a retrovirus_____________?
Immunodeficiency virus
98 - Following reaction are produced by heterophil antigens except_____________?
98 - Following reaction are produced by heterophil antigens except_____________?
Widal reaction
99 - For the treatment of case of class III dog bite, all of the following are correct except_____________?
99 - For the treatment of case of class III dog bite, all of the following are correct except_____________?
Immediately stitch wound under antibiotic coverage
100 - Function of Ig A is________________?
100 - Function of Ig A is________________?
Acts as a mucosal barrier for infection
101 - Fungal infection of human beings is called as_____________?
101 - Fungal infection of human beings is called as_____________?
Mycosis
102 - Fungus capable to forming fungal ball is ________________?
102 - Fungus capable to forming fungal ball is ________________?
Aspergillus
103 - Germ tubes are formed mainly by_______________?
103 - Germ tubes are formed mainly by_______________?
Candida albicans
104 - Glutaraldehyde is preferred more than formaldehyde because______________?
104 - Glutaraldehyde is preferred more than formaldehyde because______________?
It has got no deleterious effect on the cement and lenses of instruments
105 - Graft versus host reaction is caused by_________________?
105 - Graft versus host reaction is caused by_________________?
T-lymphocytes
106 - Grave's disease is an example of type immunologic response_________________?
106 - Grave's disease is an example of type immunologic response_________________?
Type II
107 - Half-life of free HIV in plasma is________________?
107 - Half-life of free HIV in plasma is________________?
6 hours
108 - Hepatitis A virus is best diagnosed by______________?
108 - Hepatitis A virus is best diagnosed by______________?
IgM antibodies in serum
109 - Hepatitis C virus belongs to which one of the following virus groups ?
109 - Hepatitis C virus belongs to which one of the following virus groups ?
Flavi viruses
110 - Herpes virus_____________?
110 - Herpes virus_____________?
Acquires its envelope from nuclear membrane
111 - Highest incidence of anemia in the tropics is due to______________?
111 - Highest incidence of anemia in the tropics is due to______________?
Hook worm
112 - HIV is transmitted by all of the following routes except________________?
112 - HIV is transmitted by all of the following routes except________________?
Saliva
113 - Hot air oven cannot be used for sterlisling___________________?
113 - Hot air oven cannot be used for sterlisling___________________?
Culture media
114 - Hot air oven is used for sterilization of all EXCEPT__________________?
114 - Hot air oven is used for sterilization of all EXCEPT__________________?
Rubber tubes
115 - Human immune deficiency virus is ________________ virus?
115 - Human immune deficiency virus is ________________ virus?
Retro
116 - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affets_______________?
116 - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affets_______________?
Helper T lymphocytes (CD4)
117 - Human immunoglobulins are divided based on_____________?
117 - Human immunoglobulins are divided based on_____________?
Structural differences
118 - Hydatid cyst is__________________?
118 - Hydatid cyst is__________________?
Parasitic in nature
119 - IgG antibodies have a half-life of approximately_______________?
119 - IgG antibodies have a half-life of approximately_______________?
1 Month
120 - IgG has subclasses_______________?
120 - IgG has subclasses_______________?
4
121 - IL-1 and TNF a during inflammation are secreted by______________?
121 - IL-1 and TNF a during inflammation are secreted by______________?
Activated macrophages
122 - IL-1 is produced by_________________?
122 - IL-1 is produced by_________________?
Macrophages
123 - Immunity that is conferred to the foetus by transfer of IgG and IgA antibodies is called as______________?
123 - Immunity that is conferred to the foetus by transfer of IgG and IgA antibodies is called as______________?
Passive natural immunity
124 - Immunoglobulin crossing placenta is_________________?
124 - Immunoglobulin crossing placenta is_________________?
Ig G
125 - Immunoglobulin implicated in atopy and anaphylaxis is_______________?
125 - Immunoglobulin implicated in atopy and anaphylaxis is_______________?
IgE
126 - Immunoglobulins ar secreted by______________?
126 - Immunoglobulins ar secreted by______________?
Plasma cells
127 - In falciparum malaria, causes of anemia are due to all except__________________?
127 - In falciparum malaria, causes of anemia are due to all except__________________?
Malabsorption
128 - In HIV, gp 120, envelope glycoproteins bind specifically to______________?
128 - In HIV, gp 120, envelope glycoproteins bind specifically to______________?
CD4 T-cells
129 - In patients with asthma due to an allergic cause the serum levels of which immunoglobulin increase____________________?
129 - In patients with asthma due to an allergic cause the serum levels of which immunoglobulin increase____________________?
IgE
130 - In penicillin allergy, penicillin acts as a_______________?
130 - In penicillin allergy, penicillin acts as a_______________?
Hapten
131 - In transmission of malaria, mosquito bite transfers_______________?
131 - In transmission of malaria, mosquito bite transfers_______________?
Sporozoite
132 - In which of the following immunization is given after infection is started________________?
132 - In which of the following immunization is given after infection is started________________?
Rabies
133 - Incubation pariod of herpes zoster is________________?
133 - Incubation pariod of herpes zoster is________________?
7-14 days
134 - Influenza is caused by_____________?
134 - Influenza is caused by_____________?
Orthomyxo virus, which is a RNA virus
135 - Injection abscesses due to use of contaminated vaccines occurs in infections caused by_______________?
135 - Injection abscesses due to use of contaminated vaccines occurs in infections caused by_______________?
M. chelonae
136 - Interferon interferes with replication of virus at the time of_____________?
136 - Interferon interferes with replication of virus at the time of_____________?
Protein synthesis
137 - Investigation of choice for invasive amoebiasis is________________?
137 - Investigation of choice for invasive amoebiasis is________________?
ELISA
138 - Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) usually occurs when CD4 Lymphocyte counts are_____________?
138 - Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) usually occurs when CD4 Lymphocyte counts are_____________?
Below 200
139 - Killer and Helper cells are part of_______________?
139 - Killer and Helper cells are part of_______________?
T cells
140 - Kolmer test is a screening test done for_________________?
140 - Kolmer test is a screening test done for_________________?
Syphilis
141 - L.D bodies are seen in_______________?
141 - L.D bodies are seen in_______________?
Kalahazar
142 - Leishmania is cultured in ________________ media?
142 - Leishmania is cultured in ________________ media?
NNN
143 - Lesions caused by Entameoba histolytica predominantly involve________________?
143 - Lesions caused by Entameoba histolytica predominantly involve________________?
Caecum and large intestine
144 - Louis Pasteur is not associated with_______________?
144 - Louis Pasteur is not associated with_______________?
Discovery of M. Tuberculosis
145 - Madura mycosis produces______________?
145 - Madura mycosis produces______________?
White to yellow granules
146 - Malaria pigment is________________?
146 - Malaria pigment is________________?
Haematin-globin pigment
147 - Man is the only reservoir for_______________?
147 - Man is the only reservoir for_______________?
histolytica
148 - Mark true in following ?
148 - Mark true in following ?
Hanta virus pulmonary syndrome is caused by inhalation of rodent urine and faces
149 - Medusa lock appearance in X ray is seen in______________?
149 - Medusa lock appearance in X ray is seen in______________?
Ascariasis
150 - Megaloblastic anaemia is caused by_________________?
150 - Megaloblastic anaemia is caused by_________________?
Fish tapeworm
151 - Mesophilic organisms are those that grow best at temperature of______________?
151 - Mesophilic organisms are those that grow best at temperature of______________?
25°C to 40°C
152 - Methods for the diagnosis of superficial fungal infection________________?
152 - Methods for the diagnosis of superficial fungal infection________________?
All of the above
153 - Moist heat kills all of the following EXCEPT_______________?
153 - Moist heat kills all of the following EXCEPT_______________?
Coxiella burnetti
154 - Most antibodies are produced in the________________?
154 - Most antibodies are produced in the________________?
Spleen and the lymph nodes
155 - Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS is_____________?
155 - Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS is_____________?
Candidiasis
156 - Most common tumor associated with AIDS is______________?
156 - Most common tumor associated with AIDS is______________?
Kaposi's sarcoma
157 - Most fungi of medical importance belongs to__________________?
157 - Most fungi of medical importance belongs to__________________?
Deuteromycetes
158 - Most of the drug resistances occurs due to_____________?
158 - Most of the drug resistances occurs due to_____________?
conjugation
159 - Most sensitive test for antigen detection is_______________?
159 - Most sensitive test for antigen detection is_______________?
Radioimmuno Assay
160 - Multiple drug resistance of bacteria depends on which of the following_______________?
160 - Multiple drug resistance of bacteria depends on which of the following_______________?
Resistance transfer factor (RTF)
161 - Negative phase is seen in ________ immunity?
161 - Negative phase is seen in ________ immunity?
Active
162 - Noguchi's medium is used for________________?
162 - Noguchi's medium is used for________________?
Borrelia
163 - Normal ratio of CD4 (T4) : CD8 (T8) is_________________?
163 - Normal ratio of CD4 (T4) : CD8 (T8) is_________________?
0.084027777778
164 - Oil and Grease are sterilized by________________?
164 - Oil and Grease are sterilized by________________?
Hot air oven
165 - One of the following staining methods is an example of negative staining_______________?
165 - One of the following staining methods is an example of negative staining_______________?
India ink preparation
166 - One of the following statement about statements about sterilization is not true_______________?
166 - One of the following statement about statements about sterilization is not true_______________?
Vaccines → Ethylene oxide
167 - One virus particle prevents multiplication of 2nd virus. This phenomena is____________?
167 - One virus particle prevents multiplication of 2nd virus. This phenomena is____________?
Viral interference
168 - Opportunistic infection is caused by___________________?
168 - Opportunistic infection is caused by___________________?
All of the above
169 - Opsonisation is by_______________?
169 - Opsonisation is by_______________?
Both B & C
170 - Out of the following hypersensitivity reactions, in which type a single dose of the antigen can act as both the sensitizing and shocking dose_______________?
170 - Out of the following hypersensitivity reactions, in which type a single dose of the antigen can act as both the sensitizing and shocking dose_______________?
Serum sickness
171 - parasitic inflammation would show predominantly____________________?
171 - parasitic inflammation would show predominantly____________________?
Eosinophils
172 - patients with organ transplants are most frequently infected with______________?
172 - patients with organ transplants are most frequently infected with______________?
CMV
173 - Phase contrast microscopy is based on principle of__________________?
173 - Phase contrast microscopy is based on principle of__________________?
Different refractive indices of object
174 - Physical sterilization was discovered by__________________?
174 - Physical sterilization was discovered by__________________?
Joeph Lister
175 - Pigs are important source of_____________?
175 - Pigs are important source of_____________?
Japanese encephalitis
176 - Plaque test is used routinely in virology lab's for________________?
176 - Plaque test is used routinely in virology lab's for________________?
Identification of viral disease
177 - Portal of entry of poliovirus in mainly_______________?
177 - Portal of entry of poliovirus in mainly_______________?
Gastrointestinal tract
178 - Portion of immunoglobulin molecule with molecular weight to 50000_________________?
178 - Portion of immunoglobulin molecule with molecular weight to 50000_________________?
H chain
179 - Post streptococcal acute glomerulo nephritis is an example of________________?
179 - Post streptococcal acute glomerulo nephritis is an example of________________?
Type III hypersensitivity
180 - Presence of HBe Ag in patients with hepatitis indicates_____________?
180 - Presence of HBe Ag in patients with hepatitis indicates_____________?
High infectivity
181 - Presence of HBe Ag in Patients with hepatitis indicates_______________?
181 - Presence of HBe Ag in Patients with hepatitis indicates_______________?
High infectivity
182 - Prions true is____________?
182 - Prions true is____________?
Readily inactivated by autoclave at 121 C
183 - Probiotic organism used_________________?
183 - Probiotic organism used_________________?
Bifido bacteria
184 - Prozone phenomenon is due to______________?
184 - Prozone phenomenon is due to______________?
Excess antibody
185 - Pseudohphae are seen in____________?
185 - Pseudohphae are seen in____________?
Candida albicans
186 - Purpose of Sterilization is to eliminate________________?
186 - Purpose of Sterilization is to eliminate________________?
Spore formers
187 - Rabies virus________________?
187 - Rabies virus________________?
Neurotropic
188 - Rapid evaluation of fungal hyphae/spores can be achieved with_______________?
188 - Rapid evaluation of fungal hyphae/spores can be achieved with_______________?
KOH wet mount
189 - Reynolds Braude phenomenon is shown by ___________________?
189 - Reynolds Braude phenomenon is shown by ___________________?
Candida albicans
190 - Rh incompatibility is which type of hyper sensitivity reaction ?
190 - Rh incompatibility is which type of hyper sensitivity reaction ?
Type II
191 - Rideal Walker test is used to determine the efficiency of the_____________?
191 - Rideal Walker test is used to determine the efficiency of the_____________?
Disinfectant
192 - Robertsons cooked meat medium is best suited for cultivation of_______________?
192 - Robertsons cooked meat medium is best suited for cultivation of_______________?
Clostridia
193 - Salivary protein, which prevents transmission of human immunodeficiency virus via saliva, is____________?
193 - Salivary protein, which prevents transmission of human immunodeficiency virus via saliva, is____________?
Salivary leukocyte proteinase inhibitor
194 - Same or closely related antigens present in different biological species are known as________________?
194 - Same or closely related antigens present in different biological species are known as________________?
Heterophile antigens
195 - Schuffner's dots are seen in infection due to_______________?
195 - Schuffner's dots are seen in infection due to_______________?
Plasmodium vivax
196 - Sclerotic bodies measuring 3-5m in size, multi-septate, chestnut, brown color is characteristic of________________?
196 - Sclerotic bodies measuring 3-5m in size, multi-septate, chestnut, brown color is characteristic of________________?
Chromoblastomycosis
197 - Secondary response is mediated by_______________?
197 - Secondary response is mediated by_______________?
IgG
198 - Secretory Ig is_______________?
198 - Secretory Ig is_______________?
IgA
199 - Seroconversion in HIV infection takes place in______________?
199 - Seroconversion in HIV infection takes place in______________?
4 weeks
200 - Serological study for prevalence of Hepatitis B is best done by______________?
200 - Serological study for prevalence of Hepatitis B is best done by______________?
Surface antigen
201 - Serum sickness syndrome is an example of________________?
201 - Serum sickness syndrome is an example of________________?
Systemic arthus reaction
202 - Sleeping sickness is caused by_______________?
202 - Sleeping sickness is caused by_______________?
Reduvid bug
203 - Smith noguchi's media is used for_______________?
203 - Smith noguchi's media is used for_______________?
Spirochetes
204 - Spores are disinfected by_______________?
204 - Spores are disinfected by_______________?
Both A & C
205 - Sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum are shaped_______________?
205 - Sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum are shaped_______________?
Sickle
206 - Sporulation occurs in__________________?
206 - Sporulation occurs in__________________?
Stationary phase
207 - Stain used to make the wetted area of filter paper strip more visible is_____________?
207 - Stain used to make the wetted area of filter paper strip more visible is_____________?
Ninhydrin stain
208 - Steam under pressure in used in ________ sterilization?
208 - Steam under pressure in used in ________ sterilization?
Autoclave
209 - Sterilisation control for moist heat is “or" The efficacy of the moist heat sterilization technique commonly used to sterlilize laboratory ware and culture media is tested by using_______________?
209 - Sterilisation control for moist heat is “or" The efficacy of the moist heat sterilization technique commonly used to sterlilize laboratory ware and culture media is tested by using_______________?
using Bacillus stearo thermo philus
210 - Sterilisation is______________?
210 - Sterilisation is______________?
All pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms killed
211 - Sterilization is a process in which_________________?
211 - Sterilization is a process in which_________________?
Deactivate all spores and dill pathogenic organism
212 - Sterilization of liquid paraffin is done by______________?
212 - Sterilization of liquid paraffin is done by______________?
Hot air oven
213 - Sunlight acts as sterilizing agent because_________________?
213 - Sunlight acts as sterilizing agent because_________________?
short wave lenght
214 - Synthesis of antibodies in plasma cells occurs in_________________?
214 - Synthesis of antibodies in plasma cells occurs in_________________?
Endoplasmic reticulum
215 - T cell matures in______________?
215 - T cell matures in______________?
Thymus
216 - T cells multiplication is stimulated by_______________?
216 - T cells multiplication is stimulated by_______________?
Phytohaemagglutinin
217 - The anaphylaxis should be treated first with_____________?
217 - The anaphylaxis should be treated first with_____________?
Epinephrine
218 - The antigen used in Weil Felix test is obtained from________________?
218 - The antigen used in Weil Felix test is obtained from________________?
Proteus
219 - The best method of sterilization of dressing powder is_____________?
219 - The best method of sterilization of dressing powder is_____________?
Hot air oven
220 - The best skin disinfectant is________________?
220 - The best skin disinfectant is________________?
Chlorhexdine
221 - The best sterilization method for a hand-piece is________________?
221 - The best sterilization method for a hand-piece is________________?
Ethylene oxide gas
222 - The best way of detecting the presence of viruses in the infected cell – culture is____________?
222 - The best way of detecting the presence of viruses in the infected cell – culture is____________?
Cytopathic changes in culture cells
223 - The binding site for complement on the IgG molecule is in the________________?
223 - The binding site for complement on the IgG molecule is in the________________?
CH2 domian
224 - The cell wall deficient bacteria_______________?
224 - The cell wall deficient bacteria_______________?
Mycoplasma
225 - The chemotactic factor is______________?
225 - The chemotactic factor is______________?
C5a
226 - The classic opportunistic infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome is_____________?
226 - The classic opportunistic infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome is_____________?
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
227 - The component that sensitizes bacteria and virus to UV irradiation_______________?
227 - The component that sensitizes bacteria and virus to UV irradiation_______________?
Nucleic acids
228 - The culture media for fungus is__________________?
228 - The culture media for fungus is__________________?
Sabourauds medium
229 - The culture media used for cultivation of HSV is_____________?
229 - The culture media used for cultivation of HSV is_____________?
Chorio allantoic membrane
230 - The Dane particle is the______________?
230 - The Dane particle is the______________?
HBV
231 - The difference between sterilization and disinfection is that_______________?
231 - The difference between sterilization and disinfection is that_______________?
Sterilization kills all spores but disinfection does not
232 - The distinguishing characteristic of a positive delayed type hypersensitivity skin test is______________?
232 - The distinguishing characteristic of a positive delayed type hypersensitivity skin test is______________?
Erythema
233 - The earliest identifiable cells of T-Cell lineage during maturation are_______________?
233 - The earliest identifiable cells of T-Cell lineage during maturation are_______________?
CD7+ Pro-T-Cells
234 - The following hepatitis virus is transmitted by faeco-oral route________________?
234 - The following hepatitis virus is transmitted by faeco-oral route________________?
Hepatitis E virus
235 - The following immunoglobulin is not known to fix complement_________________?
235 - The following immunoglobulin is not known to fix complement_________________?
IgE
236 - The following is not true of Candida albicans______________?
236 - The following is not true of Candida albicans______________?
Blastomeres seen in isolates
237 - The following statement is true regarding fungal infection__________________?
237 - The following statement is true regarding fungal infection__________________?
Candida infection is usually endogenous
238 - The function of IgD is______________?
238 - The function of IgD is______________?
Antigen recognition by B cells
239 - The HIV virus can be destroyed invitro by which of the following_____________?
239 - The HIV virus can be destroyed invitro by which of the following_____________?
All of the above
240 - The Ig found in exocrine secretions is_____________?
240 - The Ig found in exocrine secretions is_____________?
IgA
241 - The immediate type of hypersensitivity in which histamine doses not play a major role is______________?
241 - The immediate type of hypersensitivity in which histamine doses not play a major role is______________?
Arthus reaction
242 - The inflammatory type of tinea capitis with superadded secondary bacterial infection leading to a painful, circumscribed, boggy, and indurated lesion, is called_____________?
242 - The inflammatory type of tinea capitis with superadded secondary bacterial infection leading to a painful, circumscribed, boggy, and indurated lesion, is called_____________?
Kerison
243 - The interaction of antigens with antibodies on the surface of a mast cel leads to degranulation and anaphylaxis. The mast cell granules produce anaphylaxis because they contain________________?
243 - The interaction of antigens with antibodies on the surface of a mast cel leads to degranulation and anaphylaxis. The mast cell granules produce anaphylaxis because they contain________________?
Vasoactive mediators
244 - The key cell types involved in the acquired immunity include all EXCEPT________________?
244 - The key cell types involved in the acquired immunity include all EXCEPT________________?
Erythrocytes
245 - The killer cells are associated with immunologic response___________________?
245 - The killer cells are associated with immunologic response___________________?
Type II
246 - The major antiseptic value of soap lies in its ability to_____________?
246 - The major antiseptic value of soap lies in its ability to_____________?
Remove microbes
247 - The Manufacturing unit of surgical needle & sutures are sterilized by ________________?
247 - The Manufacturing unit of surgical needle & sutures are sterilized by ________________?
Gamma-Rays
248 - The mechanism by which most fungi caused disease is ________________?
248 - The mechanism by which most fungi caused disease is ________________?
hypersensitivity
249 - The mechanism of genetic transfer where a phage serves as a vehicle is_______________?
249 - The mechanism of genetic transfer where a phage serves as a vehicle is_______________?
Lysogeny
250 - The medium of choice for culturing yeast from of dimorphic fungi is_________________?
250 - The medium of choice for culturing yeast from of dimorphic fungi is_________________?
Sabouraud's plus antibiotics
251 - The medium of choice for growing most fungi is_______________?
251 - The medium of choice for growing most fungi is_______________?
Sabouraud's agar
252 - The minimum time required for the sterilization of surgical instruments by moist heat at 134°C is__________________?
252 - The minimum time required for the sterilization of surgical instruments by moist heat at 134°C is__________________?
3 minutes
253 - The only virus, which has double stranded RNA, is______________?
253 - The only virus, which has double stranded RNA, is______________?
Reo virus
254 - The optimal time and temperature required for sterilization in an autoclave is___________________?
254 - The optimal time and temperature required for sterilization in an autoclave is___________________?
121°C 15 mts. x 15 lbs pr.
255 - The overall effect of HIV is to gradually impair the immune system by interference with______________?
255 - The overall effect of HIV is to gradually impair the immune system by interference with______________?
Helper T lymphocytes
256 - The predominant immunoglobulin in saliva is_______________?
256 - The predominant immunoglobulin in saliva is_______________?
IgA
257 - The presence of Which of the following factors in viruses makes protective vaccines a possibility ?
257 - The presence of Which of the following factors in viruses makes protective vaccines a possibility ?
Protein coat
258 - The Process of attenuation can be achieved by all except___________________?
258 - The Process of attenuation can be achieved by all except___________________?
Serial passage in an experimental host
259 - The protective effects breast milk are known to be associated with______________?
259 - The protective effects breast milk are known to be associated with______________?
IgA antibodies
260 - The prototype of Type II hypersensitivity reaction is__________________?
260 - The prototype of Type II hypersensitivity reaction is__________________?
Auto immune hemolytic anemia
261 - The reaginic antibody is________________?
261 - The reaginic antibody is________________?
IgE
262 - The small nonparticulate protein leading to enhanced replication of HBV as well as HIV is______________?
262 - The small nonparticulate protein leading to enhanced replication of HBV as well as HIV is______________?
HBx Ag
263 - The term animalcules to oral microorganisms is given by__________________?
263 - The term animalcules to oral microorganisms is given by__________________?
Leumenhoek
264 - The term epitope refers to________________?
264 - The term epitope refers to________________?
Smallest antigenic determinant
265 - The time gap between appearance of Koplik's spot and cutaneous rash in measles is________________?
265 - The time gap between appearance of Koplik's spot and cutaneous rash in measles is________________?
3-4 days
266 - The type of immunoglobulin most commonly increased in multiple myeloma is_______________?
266 - The type of immunoglobulin most commonly increased in multiple myeloma is_______________?
IgG
267 - The usual concentration of agar used in agar medium is___________________?
267 - The usual concentration of agar used in agar medium is___________________?
0.02
268 - The viral action is differentiated from bacterial action by_________________?
268 - The viral action is differentiated from bacterial action by_________________?
Interferon production
269 - The virus which causes Aplastic anemia in chronic hemolytic disease is_______________?
269 - The virus which causes Aplastic anemia in chronic hemolytic disease is_______________?
Parvo virus
270 - The Window period in HIV infection means______________?
270 - The Window period in HIV infection means______________?
The time lapse between the infection and detection of viral antibodies
271 - The world german measles is applied for_____________?
271 - The world german measles is applied for_____________?
Rubella
272 - Thread worm is______________?
272 - Thread worm is______________?
Enterobius
273 - Toxoids are_________________?
273 - Toxoids are_________________?
antigenic and non-toxic
274 - Transmission of all of the following intestinal parasites takes place by the feco-oral route except______________?
274 - Transmission of all of the following intestinal parasites takes place by the feco-oral route except______________?
Strongyloides
275 - True about HIV are all except______________?
275 - True about HIV are all except______________?
DNA virus
276 - True about immune response of hepatitis B is__________________?
276 - True about immune response of hepatitis B is__________________?
Antibody of HBs Ag is associated with resistance to infection
277 - True about prions________________?
277 - True about prions________________?
Composed largely proteins without any nucleic acid
278 - True about Toxaplasma gondi is, it is carried by_______________?
278 - True about Toxaplasma gondi is, it is carried by_______________?
cats
279 - Tyndallisation is carried out for________________?
279 - Tyndallisation is carried out for________________?
Three successive days
280 - Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which of the following immunoglobulins ?
280 - Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which of the following immunoglobulins ?
IgE
281 - Type of Human papilloma virus associated with carcinoma cervix_____________?
281 - Type of Human papilloma virus associated with carcinoma cervix_____________?
16,18,31
282 - Type of receptor present on T-cells are__________________?
282 - Type of receptor present on T-cells are__________________?
CD4
283 - Viron is defined as______________?
283 - Viron is defined as______________?
Extracellular infectious virus particle
284 - Virus are sharply differentiated from bacteria by_______________?
284 - Virus are sharply differentiated from bacteria by_______________?
All of the above
285 - Virus infected cell is killed by________________?
285 - Virus infected cell is killed by________________?
Interferons
286 - Virus is cultured in_______________?
286 - Virus is cultured in_______________?
Embryonated egg
287 - Viruses can be cultured in all except_______________?
287 - Viruses can be cultured in all except_______________?
Blood agar
288 - Viruses can be isolated from clinical samples by cultivation in the following except_______________?
288 - Viruses can be isolated from clinical samples by cultivation in the following except_______________?
Chemically defined media
289 - What is the sequence which a retro virus follows on entering a host cell ?
289 - What is the sequence which a retro virus follows on entering a host cell ?
RNA -DNA-RNA
290 - When horse serum is injected intravenoulsy in to a rabbit and again in to the skin two or three weeks later, what is the necrotizing reaction that occurs as the site of the second injection________________?
290 - When horse serum is injected intravenoulsy in to a rabbit and again in to the skin two or three weeks later, what is the necrotizing reaction that occurs as the site of the second injection________________?
Arthus phenomenon
291 - Which component of the cell wall is responsible________________?
291 - Which component of the cell wall is responsible________________?
Region III
292 - Which does not have a viral etiology______________?
292 - Which does not have a viral etiology______________?
Hepatoma
293 - Which is false about Wucheraria bancrofti_________________?
293 - Which is false about Wucheraria bancrofti_________________?
Man and anapheles mosquito are hosts
294 - Which is type II hypersensitivity ?
294 - Which is type II hypersensitivity ?
Cytotoxic / cytolytic type
295 - Which of the following antibacterial substance is present in eggs and saliva ?
295 - Which of the following antibacterial substance is present in eggs and saliva ?
Lysozyme
296 - Which of the following belongs to cell fraction derived vaccine______________?
296 - Which of the following belongs to cell fraction derived vaccine______________?
Hepatitis B
297 - Which of the following correctly indicates the infectivity of hepatitis virus in human ?
297 - Which of the following correctly indicates the infectivity of hepatitis virus in human ?
HBeAg
298 - Which of the following does not go into chronic hepatitis stage ?
298 - Which of the following does not go into chronic hepatitis stage ?
HEV
299 - Which of the following immunoglobulins has the highest mean serum concentration in humans_________________?
299 - Which of the following immunoglobulins has the highest mean serum concentration in humans_________________?
IgG
300 - Which of the following is a RNA virus ?
300 - Which of the following is a RNA virus ?
Measles virus
301 - Which of the following is an enrichment medium________________?
301 - Which of the following is an enrichment medium________________?
Selenite F Broth
302 - Which of the following is most potent antigen for stimulating both humoral and cell mediated immunity ?
302 - Which of the following is most potent antigen for stimulating both humoral and cell mediated immunity ?
Proteins
303 - Which of the following is not a feature of anaphylaxis ?
303 - Which of the following is not a feature of anaphylaxis ?
Delayed reaction
304 - Which of the following is not a koch's postulate ?
304 - Which of the following is not a koch's postulate ?
When inoculated in experimental animals bacteria may or may not cause disease
305 - Which of the following is NOT a live attenuated vaccine ?
305 - Which of the following is NOT a live attenuated vaccine ?
Cholera
306 - Which of the following is not a pox virus ?
306 - Which of the following is not a pox virus ?
chicken pox
307 - Which of the following is not transmitted by lice ?
307 - Which of the following is not transmitted by lice ?
Q fever
308 - Which of the following is not true of boiling water_____________?
308 - Which of the following is not true of boiling water_____________?
Used for sterilizing surgical instruments
309 - Which of the following is not used as disinfectant________________?
309 - Which of the following is not used as disinfectant________________?
100% alcohol
310 - Which of the following is true about amoebic liver disease ?
310 - Which of the following is true about amoebic liver disease ?
Trophozoites can be visualized in the pus
311 - Which of the following is true about pasteurization ?
311 - Which of the following is true about pasteurization ?
It kills all bacteria except thermoduric bacteria
312 - Which of the following lesions is NOT an infection from human papilloma virus ?
312 - Which of the following lesions is NOT an infection from human papilloma virus ?
Keratoacanthoma
313 - Which of the following methods is adopted for screening HIV infection ?
313 - Which of the following methods is adopted for screening HIV infection ?
ELISA followed by western blot technique
314 - Which of the following microbial cell is most resistant to antiseptics & disinfectants ?
314 - Which of the following microbial cell is most resistant to antiseptics & disinfectants ?
Prions
315 - Which of the following organisms are arranged in cubical packets of eight cocci________________?
315 - Which of the following organisms are arranged in cubical packets of eight cocci________________?
Sarcina
316 - Which of the following organisms does NOT react with gram's stain ?
316 - Which of the following organisms does NOT react with gram's stain ?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
317 - Which of the following parasite causes autoinfection_________________?
317 - Which of the following parasite causes autoinfection_________________?
Taenia solium
318 - Which of the following represents the serologic evidence of recent Hepatitis B virus infection during window period ?
318 - Which of the following represents the serologic evidence of recent Hepatitis B virus infection during window period ?
IgM anti – HBc
319 - Which of the following statement about P24 antigen of HIV is Not True ?
319 - Which of the following statement about P24 antigen of HIV is Not True ?
It remains during asymptomatic phase
320 - Which of the following viruses appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma_____________?
320 - Which of the following viruses appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma_____________?
Human Herpes Virus 4
321 - Which of the following viruses are most likely to cross placenta and cause foetal defect ?
321 - Which of the following viruses are most likely to cross placenta and cause foetal defect ?
Rubella
322 - Which of the following viruses does not infect salivary glands ?
322 - Which of the following viruses does not infect salivary glands ?
Orthomyxovirus
323 - Which of the following viruses produces both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies_____________?
323 - Which of the following viruses produces both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies_____________?
Measles
324 - Which of the following would you consider to be general properties of viruses______________?
324 - Which of the following would you consider to be general properties of viruses______________?
Fall in to the general size range of 200-3000 angstrom unit
325 - Which stage of plasmodium vivax is infective to mosquito______________?
325 - Which stage of plasmodium vivax is infective to mosquito______________?
Gametocyte
326 - Which worm is longest________________?
326 - Which worm is longest________________?
T. Saginata
327 - Who first introduced solid media_______________?
327 - Who first introduced solid media_______________?
Robert koch
328 - Zero growth rate is observed during one of the phase of the bacterial growth curve______________?
328 - Zero growth rate is observed during one of the phase of the bacterial growth curve______________?
Stationary phase
Pages
No comments:
Post a Comment
Your Valued Comments Help us to improve our site. Thanks