Microbiology Most Important MCQs For The Jobs Test As Well As Academic Examination Set: 8

2801 - Which of the following enzyme is required to induce the formation of a plasma clot pathogenic staphylococci_____________?

A. Lysozyme

B. Fibrinolysin

C. Coagulase

D. S protein

Coagulase

2802 - Which of the following enzyme is used for synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA?

A. RNA polymerase

B. DNA ligase

C. DNA polymerase

D. RNA ligase

RNA polymerase

2803 - Which of the following enzyme is used in the process of bating?

A. invertase

B. pectinase

C. amylase

D. protease

protease

2804 - Which of the following enzyme is used to join the DNA fragments together?

A. polymerases

B. exonuclease

C. endonuclease

D. ligase

ligase

2805 - Which of the following enzyme removes the RNA primer with its 5â€™-nuclease activity?

A. DNA polymerase I

B. DNA polymerase II

C. DNA polymerase III

D. RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase I

2806 - Which of the following enzyme(s) is/are required for lactose fermentation?

A. Transacetylase

B. β-galactosidase

C. Galactoside permease

D. All of these

All of these

2807 - Which of the following enzymes acts on the DNA after its entry into the cell?

A. ligases

B. endonucleases

C. deoxyribonucleases

D. exonucleases

deoxyribonucleases

2808 - Which of the following enzymes cut the DNA molecule at a particular nucleotide sequence?

A. restriction endonuclease

B. exonuclease

C. ligase

D. polymerase

restriction endonuclease

2809 - Which of the following enzymes is used to hydrolyze starch to dextrin?

A. invertase

B. pectinase

C. amylase

D. protease

amylase

2810 - Which of the following enzymes transcribe late genes?

A. ligases

B. nucleases

C. RNA polymerase

D. restriction enzymes

RNA polymerase

2811 - Which of the following enzymes unwind short stretches of DNA helix immediately ahead of a replication fork?

A. DNA polymerases

B. Helicases

C. Single-stranded binding proteins

D. Topoisomerases

Helicases

2812 - Which of the following exposure carries the maximum risk of transmission of HIV____________?

A. Blood transfusion

B. Sexual intercourse

C. Needle prick

D. Transplacental

Blood transfusion

2813 - Which of the following expresses CD3 surface antigen?

A. Granulocytes

B. T cells

C. Monocytes

D. B cells

T cells

2814 - Which of the following factors are responsible for the stability of thermophiles at high temperatures?

A. increased leakage of cell components

B. presence of large no. of polar amino acids and alpha-helix protein

C. thermal stability of ribosomes

D. presence of Inositol diphosphate and thermal stability of ribosomes

presence of Inositol diphosphate and thermal stability of ribosomes

2815 - Which of the following family of bacteria are pathogenic for citrus and other plants?

A. Mycoplasmataceae

B. Acholeplasmataceae

C. Spiroplamataceae

D. Anaplasmataceae

Spiroplamataceae

2816 - Which of the following family of bacteria fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions?

A. Pseudomonadaceae

B. Azotobacteraceae

C. Rhizobiaceae

D. Methylcoccaceae

Azotobacteraceae

2817 - Which of the following forms of water is the most contaminated?

A. Underground water

B. Rainwater

C. Surface water

D. Water stored in ice caps

Surface water

2818 - Which of the following fulfil all the criterias of kich's postulates ?

A. Treponema pallidum

B. Mycobacterium leprae

C. N. gonorrhoeae

D. None of the above

None of the above

2819 - Which of the following fungi can kill termit inside wood?

A. Paecilomyces

B. Mucor

C. Taxomycosis

D. Aspergillos

Paecilomyces

2820 - Which of the following fungi causes severe epidemic of disease among fish in the natural environment?

A. Saprolegnia ferax

B. Saprolegnia parasitica

C. Neurospora crassa

D. Neurospora sitophila

Saprolegnia parasitica

2821 - Which of the following fungi on infecting crop roots can improve their uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients?

A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

B. VA Mycorrhiza

C. Candida torulopsis

D. Aspergillus niger

VA Mycorrhiza

2822 - Which of the following gases are produced in large amounts during sludge digestion?

A. methane

B. carbon-dioxide

C. hydrogen

D. nitrogen

methane

2823 - Which of the following gene codes for an enzyme which directs the insertion of the phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome?

A. recA gene

B. cro gene

C. int gene

D. gal gene

int gene

2824 - Which of the following genera can cause disease in humans?

A. Orthopoxvirus

B. Parapoxvirus

C. Molluscipoxvirus

D. All of these

All of these

2825 - Which of the following genera is included in the family Bacteroi-daceae?

A. Bacteroides

B. Fusobacterium

C. Leptotrichia

D. All of these

All of these

2826 - Which of the following genera is included in the family Picorna-viridae?

A. Enterovirus

B. Rhinovirus

C. Hepatovirus

D. All of these

All of these

2827 - Which of the following genetic elements carry the genes required for integration into host chromosomes?

A. Replicon

B. Plasmids

C. Transposons

D. Tandons

Transposons

2828 - which of the following genus are known as acid fast bacteria?

A. Mycobacterium

B. Nocardia

C. Neisseria

D. Both A and B

Both A and B

2829 - Which of the following genus belongs to family Spirochaetaceae?

A. Treponema

B. Spirochaeta

C. Borrelia

D. All of these

All of these

2830 - Which of the following genus of bacteria causes gastroenteritis in humans?

A. Salmonella

B. Enterobacter

C. Escherichia

D. Shigella

Escherichia

2831 - Which of the following genus of bacteria do not have a fermentative type of metabolism?

A. Bacteroides

B. Fusobacterium

C. Wolinella

D. Selenomonas

Wolinella

2832 - Which of the following genus of bacteria is not found in fresh waters?

A. Pseudomonas

B. Flavobacterium

C. Aeromonas

D. Vibrio

Vibrio

2833 - Which of the following genus of bacteria under the family Enterobacteriaceae is mainly associated with plants?

A. Erwinia

B. Serratia

C. Proteus

D. Yersinia

Erwinia

2834 - Which of the following genus of organisms are normal inhabitants of the human mouth?

A. Agromyces

B. Arachnia

C. Actinomyces

D. Rothia

Rothia

2835 - Which of the following genus of organisms causes meningitis in adults?

A. Erysipelothrix

B. Listeria

C. Caryophanon

D. Brocothrix

Listeria

2836 - Which of the following genus of Rickettsiaceae have a high resistance to heat?

A. Rickettsia

B. Rochalimaea

C. Coxiella

D. Wolinella

Coxiella

2837 - Which of the following genus of species occur on the surface of certain cheeses such as brick and Limburger?

A. Brevibacterium

B. Microbacterium

C. Cellulomonas

D. Arthrobacter

Brevibacterium

2838 - Which of the following genus of species occurs in human feces?

A. Peptococcus

B. Coprococcus

C. Sarcina

D. Ruminococcus

Coprococcus

2839 - Which of the following genus of species play an active role in the decomposition of urea?

A. Bacillus

B. Sporosarcina

C. Clostridium

D. Desulfotomaculum

Sporosarcina

2840 - Which of the following genus shows the characteristic of bioluminescence?

A. Aeromonas

B. Zymomonas

C. Vibrio

D. Haemophilus

Vibrio

2841 - Which of the following gram-negative bacteria is/are not aerobic?

A. Pseudomonas

B. Neisseria

C. Escherichia

D. None of these

Escherichia

2842 - Which of the following gram-positive bacteria causes pharyngitis (sore throat)?

A. Neisseria

B. Streptococcus

C. Staphylococcus

D. Mycobacterium

Streptococcus

2843 - Which of the following group is not the carbohydrate containing antibiotic?

A. Streptomycin & Streptothricin

B. Vancomycin & Moenomycin

C. Everninomycin & Nogirimycin

D. Erythromycin & candicidin

Erythromycin & candicidin

2844 - Which of the following groups contain(s) many unique coenzymes, such as coenzyme M and coenzyme F420?

A. Sulfate-reducing bacteria

B. Methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing microbes)

C. Methanogens (methane-producing microbes)

D. Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes)

Methanogens (methane-producing microbes)

2845 - Which of the following has a larger diameter?

A. well-separated colonies

B. crowded colonies

C. young colonies

D. old colonies

well-separated colonies

2846 - Which of the following has been linked to Kaposi's sarcoma?

A. Epstein-Barr virus

B. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus

C. Human papilloma virus

D. Human herpes virus 8

Human herpes virus 8

2847 - Which of the following has Chinese letter arrangement?

A. Bacillus anthracis

B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C. Clostridium tetani

D. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2848 - Which of the following has its antiviral action attributed to the interference of protein synthesis?

A. Amantadine

B. Interferons

C. Acycloguanosine

D. 5â€™-iododeoxyuridine

Interferons

2849 - Which of the following has more tolerance for acidic pH (lower pH)?

A. Yeast and moulds

B. Bacteria

C. E. coli

D. None of these

Yeast and moulds

2850 - Which of the following has most heat resistant spores?

A. Clostridium histolyticum

B. Clostridium perfringens

C. Bacillus stearothermophilus

D. Bacillus cereus

Bacillus stearothermophilus

2851 - Which of the following has no detectable ATPase activity?

A. cilia

B. eukaryotic flagella

C. bacterial flagella

D. endoflagella

bacterial flagella

2852 - Which of the following has peptidoglycan as a major constituent of cell wall?

A. Gram-negative bacteria

B. Gram-positive bacteria

C. Fungi

D. None of these

Gram-positive bacteria

2853 - Which of the following has the ability to bind antibodies?

A. Coagulase

B. Streptokinase

C. Protein A

D. Hydrogen Peroxide

Protein A

2854 - Which of the following have bipolar tufts of flagella?

A. Aquaspirillum

B. Azospirillum

C. Cristispira

D. Borrelia

Aquaspirillum

2855 - Which of the following have peritrichous flagella?

A. Acetobacter

B. Gluconobacter

C. Agrobacteria

D. Rhizobium

Acetobacter

2856 - Which of the following have the capability to produce extra cellular polysaccharides______________?

A. Strep. Mutans

B. Strep. pyogenes

C. Peptostreptococcus

D. Enterococcus

Strep. Mutans

2857 - Which of the following hepatitis viruses is not RNA virus?

A. Hepatitis A virus

B. Hepatitis B virus

C. Hepatitis E virus

D. Hepatitis G virus

Hepatitis B virus

2858 - Which of the following hint(s) suggest/s that a given specimen is likely to contain anaerobic bacteria?

A. Gas in specimen

B. Foul odour

C. Presence of sulphur granules

D. All of these

All of these

2859 - Which of the following hypothesis is true about viruses?

A. Viruses are acellular particles

B. They coevolved with host cells

C. They develop from degenrative cells

D. All of these

All of these

2860 - Which of the following immunity is protective against infection by S.pyogenes?

A. cell-mediated immunity

B. antigen-antibody immunity

C. humoral immunity

D. no cure present

humoral immunity

2861 - Which of the following immunoglobulins has the highest mean serum concentration in humans_________________?

A. IgA

B. IgD

C. IgG

D. IgM

IgG

2862 - Which of the following inactivates IgA antibodies?

A. Cord factor

B. Diphthin

C. Neuroaminidase

D. K antigens

Diphthin

2863 - Which of the following inclusion bodies are present in the cytoplasm of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in the case of rabies infection?

A. Paschen bodies

B. Guarnieri bodies

C. Negri bodies

D. Elementary bodies

Negri bodies

2864 - Which of the following infect arthropods only?

A. Rickettsieae

B. Ehrlichieae

C. Wolbachieae

D. Rochalimaea

Wolbachieae

2865 - Which of the following infection(s) can be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A. Urinary tract infection

B. Wound and burn infection

C. Respiratory tract infection

D. All of these

All of these

2866 - Which of the following infection(s) can be diagnosed by the use of polymerase chain reaction?

A. HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses

B. Hepatitis B virus

C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. All of these

All of these

2867 - Which of the following inference(s) indicate(s) the ability of an organism to utilize citrate as a sole source of carbon in Simmon's citrate medium?

A. Blue colour

B. Appearance of growth

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. None of these

Both (a) and (b)

2868 - Which of the following inhibits DNA replication?

A. cathode rays

B. UV light

C. x-rays

D. gamma rays

UV light

2869 - Which of the following inhibits protein synthesis by combining with the 50S subunit ribosome?

A. Streptomycin

B. Tetracycline

C. Chloramphenicol

D. Penicillin

Chloramphenicol

2870 - Which of the following instrument is used for sterilizing the media after it has been prepared?

A. Autoclave

B. Laminar Air Flow Chamber

C. Inoculum Needle

D. Incubator

Autoclave

2871 - Which of the following instrument is used for the bacterial count?

A. Petroff-Hausser counting chamber

B. Microscope

C. Chemostat

D. Turbidostat

Petroff-Hausser counting chamber

2872 - Which of the following instrument is used for the recovery of yeast cells?

A. fermenter

B. centrifuge

C. filter press

D. mash storage

filter press

2873 - Which of the following instruments is used to perform tyndallization?

A. Autoclave

B. Steam Arnold

C. Gas oven

D. Incubator

Steam Arnold

2874 - Which of the following interferes with the regeneration of the monophosphate form of bactoprenol from the pyrophosphate form?

A. Vancomycin

B. Ampicillin

C. Bacitracin

D. Cephalosporins

Bacitracin

2875 - Which of the following intermediates of TCA cycle act as amino acid precursors?

A. oxaloacetic acid

B. succinic acid

C. citric acid

D. acetyl CoA

oxaloacetic acid

2876 - Which of the following ions are cofactors for various enzymes?

A. Potassium ion

B. Iron ion

C. Magnesium ion and Iron ion

D. Calcium ion

Magnesium ion and Iron ion

2877 - Which of the following is a characteristic of beef extract?

A. product resulting from the digestion of proteinaceous materials

B. aqueous extract of lean beef tissue

C. aqueous extract of yeast cells

D. complex carbohydrate obtained from certain marine algae

aqueous extract of lean beef tissue

2878 - Which of the following is a characteristic of the genus Caryophanon?

A. anaerobic species

B. non-motile organism

C. disk-shaped cells

D. parasitic

disk-shaped cells

2879 - Which of the following is a characteristic unique to the ciliates?

A. Use of cilia as a sensory function

B. Presence of both a macronucleus and several micronuclei

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. Possess a light-detecting eye spot

Both (a) and (b)

2880 - Which of the following is a colonial green alga?

A. Chlamydomonas

B. Chlorella

C. Volvox

D. Spirogyra

Volvox

2881 - Which of the following is a Complex media for fungal growth?

A. Nutrient broth

B. Luria-Bertani media

C. Potato Dextrose Agar(PDA) media

D. Mac Conkey Agar media

Potato Dextrose Agar(PDA) media

2882 - Which of the following is a direct measurement of growth?

A. Determination of nitrogen content

B. Turbidimetric methods

C. Determination of Dry weight of cells

D. Measurement of a specific chemical change produced on a constituent of the medium

Determination of Dry weight of cells

2883 - Which of the following is a drug that interferes with the process of DNA production in the virus that causes genital herpes?

A. Erythromycin

B. Vancomycin

C. Amantadine

D. Acyclovir

Acyclovir

2884 - Which of the following is a family of lambda phage viruses?

A. Pedoviridae

B. Microviridae

C. Styloviridae

D. Corticoviridae

Styloviridae

2885 - Which of the following is a food infection?

A. Salmonellois

B. Botulism

C. Staphylococcal intoxication

D. None of these

Salmonellois

2886 - Which of the following is a function of cryoprotective agents?

A. for long-term preservation of cultures

B. prevents cell damage due to ice crystal formation

C. prevents formation of ice

D. to trap the liquid nitrogen

prevents cell damage due to ice crystal formation

2887 - Which of the following is a function of Lipid A?

A. Protect cell from damag

B. It acts as endotoxin

C. It acts as exotixin

D. It provides rigidity to the cell

It acts as endotoxin

2888 - Which of the following is a gram-positive bacteria?

A. Lactobacillus

B. Staphylococci

C. Streptococci

D. All of these

All of these

2889 - Which of the following is a heterofermentative micro-organism?

A. Leuconostoc mesenteroides

B. Lactobacillus delbrueckii

C. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

D. Lactobacillus pentose

Lactobacillus delbrueckii

2890 - Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave?

A. It takes too long to sterilize

B. It lacks the ability to inactivate viruses

C. It lacks the ability to kill endospores

D. It will destroy heat labile materials

It will destroy heat labile materials

2891 - Which of the following is a live vaccine_____________?

A. 17 D

B. Salk

C. Hepatitis

D. HDCV

HDCV

2892 - Which of the following is a major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A. polysaccharide capsule

B. M protein

C. streptolysin O

D. streptolysin S

polysaccharide capsule

2893 - Which of the following is a nontranslated sequence located between the transcription and the translation start site?

A. Ending frame

B. Leader sequence

C. Trailer sequence

D. Reading frame

Leader sequence

2894 - Which of the following is a plasmid-mediated toxin?

A. diphtheria toxin

B. botulism toxin

C. tetanus toxin

D. food-poisoning toxin

food-poisoning toxin

2895 - Which of the following is a primary stain for acid fast staining of mycobacteria?

A. Crystal violet

B. Carbol fuchsin

C. Geimsa

D. Methylene blue

Carbol fuchsin

2896 - Which of the following is a product of transcription?

A. mRNA

B. tRNA

C. rRNA

D. all of these

all of these

2897 - Which of the following is a rich source of B vitamins?

A. Peptone

B. Yeast extract

C. Beef extract

D. Agar

Yeast extract

2898 - Which of the following is a RNA virus ?

A. Measles virus

B. Herpes Virus

C. Papavo virus

D. Adeno virus

Measles virus

2899 - Which of the following is a specific test for detecting antitreponemal antibodies?

A. VDRL

B. RPR

C. TPH

D. Widal Test

TPH

2900 - Which of the following is a strict anaerobe?

A. Enterobacter

B. Alcaligenes

C. Pseudomonas

D. Methanosarcina

Methanosarcina

2901 - Which of the following is a substitute for crystal violet used in gram-staining procedure?

A. Methylene blue

B. Bromocresol green

C. Safranin

D. Phenolpthalene

Methylene blue

2902 - Which of the following is accomplished in chemiosmosis?

A. The oxidation of ATP

B. The oxidation of water

C. The oxidation of NADH

D. The oxidation of CO2

The oxidation of NADH

2903 - Which of the following is an abiotic elicitors?

A. UV irradiation

B. Osmotic shock

C. Heavy metal ions

D. All of these

All of these

2904 - Which of the following is an acid-fast bacillus_____________?

A. Mycobacterium bacilli

B. Treponema pallidum

C. Neisseria gonorrhea

D. All of the above

Mycobacterium bacilli

2905 - Which of the following is an acidic dye?

A. Eosin

B. Acid fuchsin

C. Nigrosin

D. All of these

All of these

2906 - Which of the following is an acridine dye?

A. crystal violet

B. malachite green

C. tryptoflavine

D. brilliant green

tryptoflavine

2907 - Which of the following is an aerobic protozoa?

A. Metopus

B. Saprodinium

C. Epalxis

D. Vorticella

Vorticella

2908 - Which of the following is an arthropod?

A. Clostridium perfringens

B. Borrelia sp.

C. Shigella

D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Borrelia sp.

2909 - Which of the following is an enrichment medium________________?

A. Blood agar

B. Selenite F Broth

C. Mac Conkey agar

D. Nutrient Broth

Selenite F Broth

2910 - Which of the following is an example of anamorph?

A. Pencillin

B. Sacchromyces

C. Candida

D. All of thes

Pencillin

2911 - Which of the following is an example of autoimmune disease?

A. Rheumatoid arthritis

B. Systemic lupus erythematosus

C. Polyarteritis nodosa

D. All of the above

All of the above

2912 - Which of the following is an important characteristic of bacteria belonging to Zoogloea?

A. They are plant pathogens

B. Cells are embedded in a gelatinous matrix

C. Cause diseases in humans

D. Useful for industrial applications

Cells are embedded in a gelatinous matrix

2913 - Which of the following is an indirect method for measuring bacterial growth?

A. Cell count

B. Cell mass

C. Cell activity

D. Both Cell mass and Cell activity

Cell activity

2914 - Which of the following is an intracellular parasites?

A. Rickettsia

B. Staphlococcus

C. Streptococcus

D. Mycobacterium

Rickettsia

2915 - which of the following is anaerobic_______________?

A. E.coli

B. Bacteroides

C. Pseudomonas

D. Klebsiella

Bacteroides

2916 - Which of the following is analogous to mesosomes of bacteria?

A. Mitochondria of eukaryotes

B. Golgi apparatus of eukaryotes

C. Lysosomes of eukaryotes

D. None of these

Mitochondria of eukaryotes

2917 - Which of the following is bactericidal?

A. Membrane filtration

B. Ionizing radiation

C. Freeze-drying

D. Deep freezing

Ionizing radiation

2918 - Which of the following is best to sterilize heat labile solutions?

A. Dry heat

B. Autoclave

C. Membrane filtration

D. Pasteurization

Membrane filtration

2919 - Which of the following is best used for long term storage of microbial samples when carried out properly?

A. Storage in a freezer at -10°C

B. Storage in a freezer at ultra low temperatures (-70°C)

C. Storage in a refrigerator on an agar slant

D. Storage on a petri plate at room temperature

Storage in a freezer at ultra low temperatures (-70°C)

2920 - Which of the following is capable of oxidizing sulfur to sulfates?

A. Thiobacillus thiooxidans

B. Desulfotomaculum

C. Rhodospirillum

D. Rhodomicrobium

Thiobacillus thiooxidans

2921 - Which of the following is characterstic of Quat or quaternary ammonium compounds

A. Bacteriostatic

B. Bacteriocidal

C. Fungicide

D. All of these

All of these

2922 - Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

A. Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers

B. Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins

C. The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

D. Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections

The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

2923 - Which of the following is commonly used as Gram's decolouriser?

A. Ethyl alcohol

B. Methyl alcohol

C. Acetone

D. A mixture of ethyl alcohol and acetone

A mixture of ethyl alcohol and acetone

2924 - Which of the following is component absent in cell wall of Fungi?

A. Chitin

B. Glucan

C. Mannan

D. Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan

2925 - Which of the following is concerned with the management and analysis of biological data using computers?

A. Bio-physics

B. Bioinformatics

C. Genomics

D. Biomechanics

Bioinformatics

2926 - Which of the following is considered the most unifying concept in biology?

A. Taxonomy

B. Anatomy

C. Genetics

D. Evolution

Evolution

2927 - Which of the following is continuous cell line?

A. HeLa

B. HEp-2

C. KB

D. All of these

All of these

2928 - Which of the following is correct for CD8 T cells?

A. CD8 T cells only recognize virus-infected cells

B. CD8 T cell receptor recognizes epitopes that are also commonly recognized by B cells

C. In the thymus, CD8 T cells undergo positive selection only, whereas CD4 T cells undergo negative selection only

D. CD8 T cells can kill individual virus-infected cells in a contact dependent fashion

CD8 T cells can kill individual virus-infected cells in a contact dependent fashion

2929 - Which of the following is correct for isoantigens?

A. They are antigens found in all members of different species

B. They are antigens found in some members of a species

C. They are antigens found in all members of a species

D. They are antigens found in some members of different species

They are antigens found in some members of a species

2930 - Which of the following is correct regarding gram negative bacteria?

A. have a thick layer of peptidoglycan

B. They have a thin layer of peptidoglycan

C. They have Chitin in their cell wall

D. all of these

They have a thin layer of peptidoglycan

2931 - Which of the following is correct?

A. All T Cells are CD4+

B. An epitope can have multiple antigens

C. T Cell receptors are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes

D. MHC Class II molecules are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes

T Cell receptors are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes

2932 - Which of the following is correct?

A. All members of Sac fungus are also members of chemo-lithotrophic autotroph, but not all members of chemolithotrophic autotroph are members of Sac fungus.

B. All members of chemolithotrophic autotroph are also members of Sac fungus, but not all members of Sac fungus are members of chemolithotrophic autotroph.

C. All members of Sac fungus are members of chemolithotrophic autotroph, and all members of chemolithotrophic autotroph are members of Sac fungus.

D. none of the above

All members of Sac fungus are members of chemolithotrophic autotroph, and all members of chemolithotrophic autotroph are members of Sac fungus.

2933 - Which of the following is correct?

A. All members of heterotrophic organisms are also members of fungi, but not all members of fungi are members of heterotrophic organisms

B. All members of fungi are also members of heterotrophic organisms, but not all members of heterotrophic organisms are members of fungi

C. All members of heterotrophic organisms are members of fungi and all members of fungi are members of heterotrophic organisms.

D. none of the above

All members of fungi are also members of heterotrophic organisms, but not all members of heterotrophic organisms are members of fungi

2934 - Which of the following is correct?

A. Mycorrhizae are fungi that form a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship with plant roots

B. The fungi aid in transmitting nutrients and water to the plant roots

C. The increased nutrient availability from mycorrhizae is thought to be due to the additional absorbing surface provided by the fungi

D. All of the above

All of the above

2935 - Which of the following is correct?

A. Ultramicrobacteria or nanobacteria are the dominant bacteria in marine systems

B. Ultramicrobacteria or nanobacteria are so numerous that they are a major food source for heterotrophic flagellates

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. none of the above

Ultramicrobacteria or nanobacteria are the dominant bacteria in marine systems

2936 - Which of the following is correct?

A. All members of Hyphomycetes are also members of Fungi, but not all members of Fungi are members of Hyphomycetes

B. All members of Fungi are also members of Hyphomycetes, but not all members of Hyphomycetes are members of Fungi

C. All members of Hyphomycetes are members of Fungi, and all members of Fungi are members of Hyphomycetes

D. No member of Hyphomycetes is a member of Fungi

All members of Hyphomycetes are also members of Fungi, but not all members of Fungi are members of Hyphomycetes

2937 - Which of the following is correct?

A. A Winogradsky column is used to filter out microorganisms from a water sample taken from a deep black smoker

B. A Winogradsky column is used to demonstrate interactions and gradients that occur in aquatic environments

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. A Winogradsky column is used to filter out microorganisms from non-aquatic environments

A Winogradsky column is used to demonstrate interactions and gradients that occur in aquatic environments

2938 - Which of the following is correct?

A. All members of photolithotrophic autotrophs are also members of algae, but not all members of algae are members of photolithotrophic autotrophs

B. All members of algae are also members of photolithotrophic autotrophs, but not all members of photolithotrophic autotrophs are members of algae

C. All members of photolithotrophic autotrophs are members of algae, and all members of algae are members of photolithotrophic autotrophs

D. No member of photolithotrophic autotrophs is a member of algae

All members of algae are also members of photolithotrophic autotrophs, but not all members of photolithotrophic autotrophs are members of algae

2939 - Which of the following is effective in the control of tuberculosis in humans?

A. Nitrofurans

B. Nalidixic Acid

C. Sibromycin

D. Isoniazid

Isoniazid

2940 - Which of the following is exposed on the outer surface of a gram-negative bacterium?

A. O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

B. Polysaccharide portion of lipoteichoic acid (LTA)

C. Braun lipoprotein

D. Electron transport system components

O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

2941 - Which of the following is fourth basic step to genetically modify a cell?

A. Transformation

B. Ligation

C. Plasmid cleavage

D. Restriction enzyme digestion of gene

Plasmid cleavage

2942 - Which of the following is generally not referred to the sewerage system?

A. Sanitary sewers

B. Storm sewers

C. Combined sewers

D. Solid sewers

Solid sewers

2943 - Which of the following is important feature of microsporidia ?

A. They lack mitochondria

B. They are obligate intracellular parasite

C. They do not have microtubules

D. All of thes

All of thes

2944 - Which of the following is incorrect with respect to Paramyxoviruses?

A. large (125 to 250 nm)

B. core of single-stranded (â€”) RNA

C. rna is segmented

D. hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities occur together

rna is segmented

2945 - Which of the following is incorrect?

A. Mammalian cells are larger and more complex than microorganisms

B. Their growth rate is very fast compared to microorganisms

C. Mammalian cells are fragile

D. Most animal cells only grow when attached to surface

Their growth rate is very fast compared to microorganisms

2946 - Which of the following is incorrect?

A. Plant cells are larger than the bacterial or fungus cells

B. Plant cells tend to grow in clumps

C. Plant cells are less sensitive to shear than microbial cells

D. Plant cells are more genetically unstable than microbial cells

Plant cells are less sensitive to shear than microbial cells

2947 - Which of the following is known for greater stability of the riboflavin producing capacity?

A. Eremothecium ashbyii

B. Ashbya gossypii

C. Candida flareri

D. None of these

Ashbya gossypii

2948 - Which of the following is least likely to get in or on a protozoan such as a diplomonad or trichomonad?

A. Flagella

B. More than one nucleus

C. Genes to produce a cyst form

D. Rigid polysaccharide cell wall

Rigid polysaccharide cell wall

2949 - Which of the following is least likely to have a rigid cell wall?

A. Bacterium

B. Archaean

C. Fungus

D. Protozoan

Protozoan

2950 - Which of the following is more likely to be bacteriocidal?

A. Membrane filtration

B. Ionizing radiation

C. Lyphilization

D. Deep freezing

Ionizing radiation

2951 - Which of the following is most effective for sterilizing mattresses and plastic petri plates?

A. Chlorine

B. Ethylene oxide

C. Glutaraldehyde

D. Ultraviolet radiation

Ethylene oxide

2952 - Which of the following is most effective for sterlizing mattresses and plastic petri dishes?

A. Chlorine

B. Ethylene oxide

C. Gluteraldehyde

D. Autoclaving

Autoclaving

2953 - Which of the following is most potent antigen for stimulating both humoral and cell mediated immunity ?

A. Adjuvant

B. Proteins

C. Polysaccharides

D. Lipids

Proteins

2954 - Which of the following is not a basic dye?

A. Methylene Blue

B. Malachite Green

C. Safranin

D. Eosin

Eosin

2955 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of a chemotherapeutic agent?

A. low toxicity for host cells

B. high toxicity for the parasites

C. less penetrating power

D. does not affect the hostâ€™s natural defense mechanism

less penetrating power

2956 - Which of the following is not a chemical agent for microbial control?

A. Radiations

B. Antibiotics

C. Antiseptics

D. Germicide

Radiations

2957 - Which of the following is not a cofactor?

A. Iron

B. Copper

C. Zinc

D. lipase

lipase

2958 - Which of the following is not a desired characteristic of the organism to be used for industrial application?

A. should produce less amount of product

B. should be readily available

C. should grow rapidly

D. should be nonpathogenic

should produce less amount of product

2959 - Which of the following is not a disinfectant containing a heavy metal?

A. Silver nitrate

B. Mercurochrome

C. Copper sulfate

D. Chlorine

Chlorine

2960 - Which of the following is not a feature of anaphylaxis ?

A. Delayed reaction

B. Immediate reaction

C. passive transfer by serum

D. None of the above

Delayed reaction

2961 - Which of the following is not a function of cysts for Protozoa?

A. Protect against adverse environments

B. Sites for nuclear reorganization and cell division

C. Serve as a means of transfer between hosts in parasitic species

D. All of the above

All of the above

2962 - Which of the following is not a function of protozoa?

A. acts as a link in the food chain

B. used in manufacture of food products

C. decomposition process

D. to study cell cycles

used in manufacture of food products

2963 - Which of the following is not a Gram-positive bacilli?

A. Bacteroides

B. Eubacterium

C. Lactobacillus

D. Bifidobacterium

Bacteroides

2964 - Which of the following is not a koch's postulate ?

A. The bacteria should be able to be isolated from a diseased tissue

B. When inoculated in experimental animals bacteria may or may not cause disease

C. Pure cultures can be obtained

D. Bacteria should be able to be isolated from the diseased tissue in the experimental animals

When inoculated in experimental animals bacteria may or may not cause disease

2965 - Which of the following is not a member of the division Ascomycota?

A. Aspergillus

B. Claviceps

C. Penicillium

D. Rhizopus

Rhizopus

2966 - Which of the following is not a method of horizontal gene transfer?

A. Binary fission

B. Conjugation

C. Integration of transposon

D. Transduction

Conjugation

2967 - Which of the following is not a physical method for selection of pure culture?

A. Heat treatment

B. pH of the media

C. Cell size and motility

D. Use of dilute media

Use of dilute media

2968 - Which of the following is not a pox virus ?

A. Cowpox

B. Molluscum contagiosum

C. Small pox

D. chicken pox

chicken pox

2969 - Which of the following is not a semi synthetic chemotherapeutic agent?

A. Ampicillin

B. Carbenicillin

C. Penicillin

D. Sulfonamide

Penicillin

2970 - Which of the following is not a trace element for bacteria?

A. Iron

B. Molybdenum

C. Zinc

D. Calcium

Calcium

2971 - Which of the following is not an ale type of beer?

A. Weiss beer

B. Porterr

C. Stout

D. Pilsener

Pilsener

2972 - Which of the following is not an aminoglycoside antibiotic?

A. Streptomycin

B. Neomycin

C. Kanamycin

D. Cephalosporin

Cephalosporin

2973 - Which of the following is not an example of potent antitumer agents?

A. Anthramycin

B. Sibromycin

C. Neothramycin

D. Erythromycin

Erythromycin

2974 - Which of the following is not an indirect method for the measurement of cell mass?

A. Nutrient composition

B. Cell dry weight

C. Viscosity

D. Heat evolution

Cell dry weight

2975 - Which of the following is not an industrial product made by the fungus Aspergillus niger?

A. Galactosidase

B. Citric acid

C. Gluconic acid

D. Lysine

Lysine

2976 - Which of the following is not correct for hepatitis A virus?

A. It can be grown in cell cultures of primate and human cells

B. It is one of the most stable viruses infecting humans

C. It may cause hepatocellular carcinoma

D. None of the above

It may cause hepatocellular carcinoma

2977 - Which of the following is not employed as an oxidation method?

A. Oxidation ponds

B. Trickling filters

C. Contact aerators

D. All of these

All of these

2978 - Which of the following is not found in the kingdom Monera?

A. Organelles

B. Organized cell structure

C. Ability to reproduce

D. Ability to use energy

Organelles

2979 - Which of the following is not the biofertilisers producing bacteria?

A. Nostoc

B. Anabaena

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. Clostridium

Clostridium

2980 - Which of the following is not the characteristic of a bubo?

A. inflamed

B. sore when infected

C. small

D. free from bacteria

small

2981 - Which of the following is not the characteristic of a growth curve?

A. Shows development of microbial population under relatively stable environmental conditions

B. Plotted with logarithmic numbers

C. Graphs numbers of microbes versus time

D. Each growth curve consists of four distinct phases

Each growth curve consists of four distinct phases

2982 - Which of the following is not transmitted by lice ?

A. Trench fever

B. Relapsing fever

C. Q fever

D. Epidemic typhus

Q fever

2983 - Which of the following is not true about peptidoglycan?

A. It is a polymer consisting of N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and amino acids (alanine, lysine, etc.)

B. It is present in prokaryotic cell wall

C. It occurs in the form of a bag shaped macro molecule surrounding the cytoplasm membrane

D. None of the above

None of the above

2984 - Which of the following is not true for eukaryotic cells?

A. Nucleus is bounded by nuclear membrane

B. Chromosomes contain histones

C. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contains 70S ribosomes

D. Gas vacuoles are present

Gas vacuoles are present

2985 - Which of the following is not true for prokaryotic organism?

A. Nucleus is not bounded by nuclear membrane

B. Chromosomes does not contain histones

C. 80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm

D. Cell wall contains peptidoglycan as one of the major component

80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm

2986 - Which of the following is not true for the thermal resistance of the bacterial cells?

A. Cocci are usually more resistant than rods

B. Higher the optimal and maximal temperatures for growth, higher the resistance

C. Bacteria that clump considerably or form capsules are difficult to kill

D. Cells low in lipid content are harder to kill than other cells

Cells low in lipid content are harder to kill than other cells

2987 - Which of the following is not true of boiling water_____________?

A. It can kill hepatitis B virus

B. Used for sterilizing surgical instruments

C. Can kill mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. Can kill vegetative bacterial cells

Used for sterilizing surgical instruments

2988 - Which of the following is not true of protozoa?

A. Lack cell wall

B. Produce no sporebearing structures

C. Comprise the microbial population known as phytoplankton

D. Form active feeding forms called trophozoites

Comprise the microbial population known as phytoplankton

2989 - Which of the following is not β-lactamase-resistant penicillin?

A. Oxacillin

B. Nafcillin

C. Carbenicillin

D. Methicillin

Carbenicillin

2990 - Which of the following is obligate aerobe ?

A. Pseudomonas aerogenosa

B. coli

C. Proteus

D. diphtheria

Pseudomonas aerogenosa

2991 - Which of the following is predominantly proteolytic?

A. C. sporogenes

B. C. histolyticum

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. C. speticum

Both (a) and (b)

2992 - Which of the following is primary lens that magnify image?

A. Objective Lense

B. Ocular Lens

C. Eye piece lense

D. Condanser

Objective Lense

2993 - Which of the following is recommended for the improvement in flavor during ageing of beef under controlled conditions?

A. Thamnidium

B. Rhizopus

C. T. elegans

D. M. mucedo

Thamnidium

2994 - Which of the following is responsible for a musty or earthy flavor?

A. Actinomycetes

B. Flavobacterium

C. both (a) and (b)

D. Pseudomonas syncyanea

Actinomycetes

2995 - Which of the following is responsible for phosphate solubilization?

A. Streptococcus

B. Streptomyces

C. Bacillus

D. Clostridium

Bacillus

2996 - Which of the following is responsible for the corrosion problem?

A. Iron bacteria

B. Sulfur bacteria

C. Slime forming bacteria

D. All of these

Sulfur bacteria

2997 - Which of the following is responsible for the initiation of RNA polymerase activity?

A. initiation site

B. promoter region

C. sigma factor

D. rho factor

sigma factor

2998 - Which of the following is semi-continuous (diploid) cell line?

A. HeLa

B. HEp-2

C. WI-38

D. KB

WI-38

2999 - Which of the following is sterilized with the help of glutaraldehyde?

A. Thermometers

B. Bronchoscopes

C. Cystoscopes

D. All of these

All of these

3000 - Which of the following is subterranean water?

A. Atmospheric water

B. Surface water

C. Groundwater

D. Rainwater

Groundwater

3001 - Which of the following is symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria?

A. Rhizobium trifolii

B. Clostridium pasteurianum

C. Azotobacter sp.

D. Escherichia coli

Rhizobium trifolii

3002 - Which of the following is the actual opening in ciliates through which food is ingested?

A. cytosome

B. oral groove

C. peristome

D. cytopharynx

cytosome

3003 - Which of the following is the agent associated with the development of neurodegenerative disease in livestock and humans?

A. Prions

B. Viroids

C. virions

D. Virinos

Prions

3004 - Which of the following is the best evidence for the lock and key theory of enzyme action?

A. Compounds similar in structure to the substrate inhibit enzyme activity

B. Enzymes are found in living organisms and speed up certain reactions

C. Enzymes speed up reactions by definite amounts

D. Enzymes determine the direction of a reaction

Compounds similar in structure to the substrate inhibit enzyme activity

3005 - Which of the following is the causative agent of dental caries?

A. S.pneumoniae

B. S.pyogenes

C. S.mutans

D. S.faecalis

S.mutans

3006 - Which of the following is the causative agent of the plague?

A. Y.enterocolitica

B. Y.pestis

C. P.mirabilis

D. E.coli

Y.pestis

3007 - Which of the following is the cause for drug resistance in tuberculosis?

A. Mutation

B. Transduction

C. Transformation

D. Conjugation

Mutation

3008 - Which of the following is the characteristic of repressor protein?

A. basic protein

B. acidic protein

C. basic protein, molecular weight of 26000

D. acidic protein, molecular weight of 26000

acidic protein, molecular weight of 26000

3009 - Which of the following is the characteristics of a sanitizer?

A. destroys all microbial forms

B. prevents the growth or action of microorganisms

C. reduces the microbial population to safe levels

D. kills all the bacteria and the bacterial spores

reduces the microbial population to safe levels

3010 - Which of the following is the commonest species of Salmonella for causing zoonotic disease?

A. S Indiana

B. S newport

C. S typhimurium

D. S enteritidis

S typhimurium

3011 - Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in replication by bacterial phage?

A. adsorption, pinning, DNA injection, sheath contraction

B. adsorption, pinning, sheath contraction, DNA injection

C. adsorption, absorption, sheath contraction, pinning

D. absorption, adsorption, DNA injection

adsorption, pinning, sheath contraction, DNA injection

3012 - Which of the following is the example of Gram-negative bacteria?

A. Lactobacillus

B. Eschericia coli

C. Staphylococcus aureus

D. Bacillus subtilis

Eschericia coli

3013 - Which of the following is the first step in replication by bacterial phages?

A. adsorption

B. penetration

C. transcription

D. assembly and release

adsorption

3014 - Which of the following is the mode of action of formaldehyde?

A. interference with glycolysis

B. shows oxidizing property

C. combines with vital nitrogen compounds

D. changes the permeability of cytoplasmic membrane

combines with vital nitrogen compounds

3015 - Which of the following is the most accurate method for microbial assay of antibiotics?

A. Physical assay

B. Chemical assay

C. Biological assay

D. Chemical and biological assay

Chemical assay

3016 - Which of the following is the most complete definition of fermentation?

A. Oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors

B. Complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and HO2

C. Production of energy by substrate-level phosphorylation

D. Production of ethyl alcohol from glucose

Oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors

3017 - Which of the following is the most primitive?

A. Virus

B. Eukaryote

C. Archaeon

D. Mitochondria

Archaeon

3018 - Which of the following is the necessary step for cultivating the microorganisms?

A. Preparing a culture medium for the growth of microorganisms

B. Sterilizing in order to eliminate all living microorganisms in vessel

C. Inoculating the microorganisms in the prepared medium

D. All of the above

All of the above

3019 - Which of the following is the nutritional characterization of Escherichia coli?

A. Chemotrophic

B. Organotrophic

C. Autotrophic

D. Chemotrophic, Organotrophic, Heterotrophic

Chemotrophic, Organotrophic, Heterotrophic

3020 - Which of the following is the phylogenetically oldest immunoglobulin?

A. IgE

B. IgM

C. IgG

D. All are similar

IgM

3021 - Which of the following is the relationship between optical density and cell mass?

A. exponentially proportional

B. linearly proportional

C. inversely proportional

D. not related

linearly proportional

3022 - Which of the following is the singular word?

A. Nucleoli

B. Nucleolus

C. Nucleoid

D. All of these

Nucleolus

3023 - Which of the following is the spike antigen of HIV-I?

A. gp 120

B. gp 140

C. gp 36

D. gp 41

gp 120

3024 - Which of the following is the study of the molecular organization of genomes, their information content and the gene products they encode?

A. Genetics

B. Ergonomics

C. Genomics

D. Bioinformatics

Genomics

3025 - Which of the following is the suitable temperature range for mesophiles?

A. 20-30°C

B. 25-40°C

C. >40°C

D. None of these

25-40°C

3026 - Which of the following is transmembrane pedicle antigen of HIV-I?

A. gp 41

B. gp 140

C. gp l20

D. gp 36

gp 41

3027 - Which of the following is true about cell wall of gram-positive bacteria?

A. It consists of multiple layers

B. It is thicker than that associated with gram-negative bacteria

C. It contains teichoic acids

D. All of these

All of these

3028 - Which of the following is true about ISO 2002 method for Salmonella detection?

A. Selenite cystine (SC) broth is replaced by Muller Kauffmann tetrathionate novobiocin broth (MKTTn)

B. Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV) broth has been replaced by Rappaport Vassiliadis Soya (RVS) broth

C. XLD is the first isolation medium rather than BGA

D. All of these

All of these

3029 - Which of the following is true about pasteurization ?

A. It kills bacteria and spores

B. It kills all bacteria except thermoduric bacteria

C. It kills 95% of microorganisms

D. Tubercle bacilli are destroyed

It kills all bacteria except thermoduric bacteria

3030 - Which of the following is true about tetanus acquired through traumatic wound ?

A. Clostridium tetani travels via the nerves to the anterior horn dells in spinal cord

B. The tetanospasmin component of the exotoxin act on the post-synaptic neurones and prevents impulse transmission

C. The patient should be given tetanus toxoid intravenously

D. Causes positive Nagler reaction

Clostridium tetani travels via the nerves to the anterior horn dells in spinal cord

3031 - Which of the following is true about Vitamin B6?

A. It is a coenzyme involve in amino acid synthesis

B. It is a coenzyme involve in amino acid metabolism

C. It is a coenzyme involve in purine synthesis

D. It is a coenzyme involve in fatty acid synthesis

It is a coenzyme involve in amino acid metabolism

3032 - Which of the following is true for an Hfr X Fâ€” cross?

A. frequency of recombination high, transfer of F factor low

B. frequency of recombination high, transfer of F factor high

C. frequency of recombination low, transfer of F factor high

D. frequency of recombination low, transfer of F factor low

frequency of recombination high, transfer of F factor low

3033 - Which of the following is true for the bacteriophage MV-L2?

A. head is made up of large capsomeres

B. head is made up of small capsomeres

C. no contractile sheath is present

D. filamentous form

filamentous form

3034 - Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

A. Anthrax is caused by a virus

B. Anthrax is highly contagious

C. Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis

D. Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores

Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores

3035 - Which of the following is true to prevent botulism from smoked fish?

A. The fish should be heated at its coolest part to at least 82°C for 30 min during or after smoking

B. Fish should be immediately frozen after packaging and kept frozen

C. Good sanitation should be maintained throughout production and handling

D. All of the above

All of the above

3036 - Which of the following is used as a solidifying agent for media?

A. Beef extract

B. Peptone

C. Agar

D. Yeast extract

Agar

3037 - Which of the following is used by microbial genetisists as a tool?

A. Bacteriophage

B. Plasmids

C. Transposable elements

D. All of these

All of these

3038 - Which of the following is used for determining the location of specific genes within the genome?

A. Genomics

B. Annotation

C. Cloning

D. Proteomics

Annotation

3039 - Which of the following is used for the proper maintenance and preservation of pure cultures?

A. Periodic transfer to fresh media

B. Preservation by overlaying cultures with mineral oil

C. Preservation by lyophilization

D. All of the above

All of the above

3040 - Which of the following is used in electron microscope?

A. electron beams

B. magnetic fields

C. light waves

D. electron beams and magnetic fields

electron beams and magnetic fields

3041 - Which of the following is used only in life-threatening situations when no other drug is adequate?

A. Penicillin

B. Tetracycline

C. Chloramphenicol

D. Streptomycin

Chloramphenicol

3042 - Which of the following is used to grow bacterial culture continuously?

A. Chemostat

B. Hemostat

C. Coulter-Counter

D. Turbidostat

Chemostat

3043 - Which of the following is used to grow bacterial cultures continuously?

A. Chemostat

B. Coulter Counter

C. Hemostat

D. Petroff-Hausser chamber

Chemostat

3044 - Which of the following is/are included in Kingdom Prokaryotae?

A. Bacteria

B. Protozoa

C. Fungi

D. All of these

Bacteria

3045 - Which of the following is/are not a gram-positive bacteria?

A. Streptococci

B. Pseudomonas

C. Mycobacteria

D. None of these

Pseudomonas

3046 - Which of the following is/are synthesized from late mRNA?

A. Phage structural proteins

B. Proteins that help with phage assembly without becoming part of the virion structure

C. Proteins involved in cell lysis and phage release

D. All of the above

All of the above

3047 - Which of the following is/are the sexual spore?

A. Ascospores

B. Basidiospores

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. None of these

Both (a) and (b)

3048 - Which of the following is/are vapour-phase disinfectant/s?

A. Formaldehyde

B. Ethylene oxide

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. None of these

Both (a) and (b)

3049 - Which of the following item can be sterlized by filtration?

A. Enzymes

B. Vaccine

C. Antibiotic

D. All of these

All of these

3050 - Which of the following item cannot be sterlized by filtration?

A. Culture media

B. Water

C. Medicines

D. medical solutions

Water

3051 - Which of the following items could be sterilized by dry heat sterilization?

A. Intravenous (IV) solution

B. Plastic IV bags

C. Glass pipettes

D. rubber gloves

Glass pipettes

3052 - Which of the following lacks 3'-5' exonuclease activity?

A. Short fragment of DNA polymerase I

B. Taq DNA polymerase

C. T4 DNA ligase

D. All of the above

All of the above

3053 - Which of the following layer is composed of soft mud or ooze?

A. Photic zone

B. Limnetic zone

C. Benthic zone

D. Profundal zone

Benthic zone

3054 - Which of the following lesions is NOT an infection from human papilloma virus ?

A. Verruca vulgaris

B. Focal epithelial hyperplasia

C. Condyloma acuminatum

D. Keratoacanthoma

Keratoacanthoma

3055 - Which of the following lymphokine(s) is secreted by delayed-type-hypersensitivity cells?

A. Macrophage stimulating factor

B. Migration inhibiting factor

C. Macrophage activating factor

D. All of the above

All of the above

3056 - Which of the following material is sterilized by heating at 160°C in a hot air oven for one hour?

A. Swab sticks

B. All-glass syringes

C. Oils and jellies

D. All of these

All of these

3057 - Which of the following material is sterilized by use of red heat?

A. Soiled dressings

B. Inoculating wires and loops

C. Glass slides

D. All-glass syringes

Inoculating wires and loops

3058 - Which of the following may account for the small size of the cells?

A. The rate of diffusion

B. The surface area/volume ratio

C. The number of mRNAs that can be produced by the nucleus

D. All of the above

All of the above

3059 - Which of the following may affect proteins and nucleic acids, but not viruses?

A. Denaturation

B. Enzyme treatment

C. Pressure

D. All of these

All of these

3060 - Which of the following may be most likely to be missing from a gram-positive bacterium?

A. Penicillin binding protein

B. Peptidoglycan

C. Lipopolysaccharide

D. Phospholipid bilayer membrane

Lipopolysaccharide

3061 - Which of the following may cause resistance to penicillin?

A. Impermeability of cell envelope

B. Production of β-lactamases by bacteria

C. Alteration or lack of penicillin-binding proteins

D. All of the above

All of the above

3062 - Which of the following may contain fimbriae?

A. Gram-positive bacteria

B. Gram-negative bacteria

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. None of these

Gram-negative bacteria

3063 - Which of the following media is selective for Salmonella?

A. Thiosulphate citrate bile salt agar

B. Wilson and Blair's brilliant-green bismuth sulphite agar medium

C. Bile salt agar

D. All of the above

Wilson and Blair's brilliant-green bismuth sulphite agar medium

3064 - Which of the following media to suppress the growth of unwanted bacteria and increase the growth of desired bacteria?

A. Complex media

B. Selective media

C. Enriched media

D. Simple media

Selective media

3065 - Which of the following mediates Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A. IgE

B. IgG

C. IgM

D. IgD

IgE

3066 - Which of the following medium are used to differentiate the colonies of Vibrio cholerae and V parahaemolyticus?

A. Alkaline bile salt

B. Thiosulphate-citrate-bile-sucrose

C. MacConkey

D. All of the above

Thiosulphate-citrate-bile-sucrose

3067 - Which of the following method can be used to determine the number of bacteria quantitatively?

A. Streak-plate

B. Spread-plate

C. Pour plate

D. Pour-plate and spread plate

Pour-plate and spread plate

3068 - Which of the following method is used for a viable count of a culture?

A. Direct microscopic count

B. Plate-count method

C. Membrane-filter count

D. Plate-count method and membrane-filter count

Plate-count method and membrane-filter count

3069 - Which of the following method is used for enumeration of bacteria in vaccines and cultures?

A. Microscopic Count

B. Membrane filter

C. Plate count

D. Dry weight determination

Microscopic Count

3070 - Which of the following method is used for the production of vaccines against yellow fever?

A. tissue-culture method

B. chick-embryo method

C. through susceptible animals

D. through appropriate media

chick-embryo method

3071 - Which of the following method is used for treatment of water used for the depuration of shellfish?

A. Chemicals

B. Radiation

C. Low temperature

D. Osmotic pressure

Radiation

3072 - Which of the following methods can be utilized for removing peripheral proteins of the cytoplasmic membrane?

A. treatment by detergents

B. osmotic shock

C. heat application

D. destruction of the membrane

osmotic shock

3073 - Which of the following methods is adopted for screening HIV infection ?

A. Virus isolation

B. Western blot followed by ELISA

C. ELISA followed by western blot technique

D. Polymers chain reaction

ELISA followed by western blot technique

3074 - Which of the following methods is most likely to be quantitative?

A. Dilution and plating

B. Gram staining

C. Wet mount

D. None of these

Dilution and plating

3075 - Which of the following methods is used for determining the decrease in the amount of growth?

A. test done on agar medium plate

B. test done into an agar medium or broth

C. test done by transfering water-soluble substances to sterile media

D. by phenol-coefficient method

test done into an agar medium or broth

3076 - Which of the following methods is used for killing microorganisms of only certain types and not all microorganisms?

A. Pasteurization

B. Incineration

C. Boiling water

D. Fractional Sterilization

Pasteurization

3077 - Which of the following methods is used for viewing spirochetes?

A. Bright-field microscopy

B. Phase-contrast microscopy

C. Dark-field microscopy

D. Electron microscopy

Dark-field microscopy

3078 - Which of the following methods will not sterilize?

A. Aqueous glutaraldehyde for 10 hours

B. Dry heat at 171°C for 1 to 2 hours

C. 121°C at 15 lb/in pressure for 15 to 20 minutes

D. 100°C boiling water for 30 minutes

100°C boiling water for 30 minutes

3079 - Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for sterilizing an antibiotic solution?

A. Dry heat sterilization

B. Microfiltration

C. Autoclaving

D. Desiccation

Microfiltration

3080 - Which of the following micro organism utilizes lactose as a carbon source in production of lactic acid from whey media?

A. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

B. Lactobacillus delbrueckii

C. Lactobacillus pentosus

D. Leuconostoc mesenteroides

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

3081 - Which of the following microbe does not belong to Group D enterococci group?

A. S. faecalis

B. S. faecium

C. S. durans

D. S. bovis

S. bovis

3082 - Which of the following microbe is used in the production of blue cheese?

A. Streptococcus thermophilus

B. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

C. Penicillium roqueforti

D. Rhizopus stolonifer

Penicillium roqueforti

3083 - Which of the following microbial cell is most resistant to antiseptics & disinfectants ?

A. Mycobacteria

B. Spore

C. Prions

D. Coccidia

Prions

3084 - Which of the following microorganism can cause acute renal failure?

A. Leptospira

B. Salmonella typhi

C. Neisseria meningitidis

D. Bacillus anthracis

Leptospira

3085 - Which of the following microorganism causes infection in burns?

A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

B. Clostridium perfringens

C. Borrelia sp

D. Streptococcus sp

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

3086 - Which of the following microorganism causes lesions in the form of abscesses?

A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Streptococcus pyogenes

C. Streptococcus pneumoniae

D. Clostridium perfringens

Staphylococcus aureus

3087 - Which of the following microorganism causes relapsing fever in humans?

A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

B. Clostridium perfringens

C. Borrelia sp.

D. Streptococcus sp.

Borrelia sp.

3088 - Which of the following microorganism considered best choice in biotechnology?

A. E.coli

B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

C. Bacillus subtilis

D. All of these

All of these

3089 - Which of the following microorganism have high vitamin content?

A. bacteria

B. yeast

C. algae

D. protozoa

yeast

3090 - Which of the following microorganism is eliminated in canned foods?

A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

B. Coxiella burnetii

C. Clostridium botulinum

D. Lactobacillus

Clostridium botulinum

3091 - Which of the following microorganism is found in the gingival crevices at puberty?

A. Lactobacillus

B. Treponema sp.

C. Actinomyces

D. S.mutans

Treponema sp.

3092 - Which of the following microorganism occurs in swine?

A. Brucella melitensis

B. Brucella abortus

C. Brucella suis

D. Legionella pneumophila

Brucella suis

3093 - Which of the following microorganism participates in active penetration into the body?

A. Clostridium perfringens

B. Shigella

C. Borrelia sp.

D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Shigella

3094 - Which of the following microorganism produces colicins in the intestine?

A. E.coli

B. B.subtilis

C. Clostridium botulinum

D. Streptococcus salivarius

E.coli

3095 - Which of the following microorganism produces dextran?

A. Bacillus polymyxa

B. Bacillus thuringiensis

C. Leuconostoc mesenteroides

D. Streptomyces olivaceus

Leuconostoc mesenteroides

3096 - Which of the following microorganism produces only L(+) - lactic acid without further racemization ?

A. Leuconostoc mesenteroides

B. Lactobacillus delbrueckii

C. Rhizopus oryzae

D. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Rhizopus oryzae

3097 - Which of the following microorganism spoil poultry in polyethylene bags?

A. Pseudomonas-achromobacter

B. Alcaligenes

C. hetero-fermentative species

D. catalase negative bacteria

Pseudomonas-achromobacter

3098 - Which of the following microorganism survive at -9 to -17 degree C?

A. Salmonella

B. Staphylococci

C. Bacilli

D. Clostridium

Salmonella

3099 - Which of the following microorganism use H2S as the electron donor to reduce carbon dioxide?

A. Chromaticum

B. Chlorobium

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. Rhodomicrobium

Both (a) and (b)

3100 - Which of the following microorganisms grow in beef at a temperature of 15°C and above?

A. Micrococci

B. Pseudomonas

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. Lactobacillus

Both (a) and (b)

3101 - Which of the following microorganisms is classified as a member of archaebacteria?

A. Gyanobacteria

B. Methanobacteria

C. Trichomonads

D. Mycoplasma

Methanobacteria

3102 - Which of the following microscopic techniques can use sound wave to interpret the specimen?

A. Scanning microscopy

B. Acoustic Microscopy

C. Transmission Scanning Microscopy

D. None of these

Acoustic Microscopy

3103 - Which of the following modified amino acid is used at the starting of most prokaryotic proteins?

A. N-formylserine

B. N-formylmethionine

C. N-formylleucine

D. N-formylalanine

N-formylmethionine

3104 - Which of the following molecule catalyzes the transpeptidation reaction?

A. RNA polymerase

B. Peptidyl transferase

C. DNA ligase

D. DNA polymerase

Peptidyl transferase

3105 - Which of the following mutagen causes a break in the phosphodiester backbone of the nucleic acid?

A. UV light

B. X-rays

C. Nitrous acid

D. base analogs

X-rays

3106 - Which of the following mutation affects only a single nucleotide?

A. Aerial mutation

B. Site mutation

C. Point mutation

D. Regional mutation

Point mutation

3107 - Which of the following mutations arise without exposure to external agents?

A. Spontaneous mutations

B. Analogous mutations

C. Induced mutations

D. None of these

Spontaneous mutations

3108 - Which of the following mutations result in frameshift mutation?

A. missense mutation

B. transition

C. transversion

D. insertion

insertion

3109 - Which of the following nitrogen base is only present in RNA?

A. Thymine

B. Guanine

C. Cytosine

D. Uracil

Uracil

3110 - Which of the following Nonspore forming Gram-positive rods show a negative result for catalase test?

A. Lactobacillus

B. Kurthia

C. Brocothrix

D. Renibacterium

Lactobacillus

3111 - Which of the following nucleic acid is present in hepatitis B virus?

A. dsDNA

B. ssRNA

C. ssDNA

D. dsRNA

dsDNA

3112 - Which of the following nucleoside diphosphates is used most often in carbohydrate anabolism?

A. Uridine diphosphate

B. Adenosine diphosphate

C. Guanine diphosphate

D. Thymine diphosphate

Uridine diphosphate

3113 - Which of the following organelles contain DNA, divides and possesses some degree of autonomy?

A. Golgi apparatus

B. Ribosome

C. Chloroplast

D. Peroxisomes

Chloroplast

3114 - Which of the following organism causes whooping cough in humans?

A. E.coli

B. Bordetella pertussis

C. Francisella tularensis

D. F.meningosepticum

Bordetella pertussis

3115 - Which of the following organism does not belong to coliform group of bacteria?

A. Salmonella

B. Serratia

C. Enterobacter

D. Proteus

Enterobacter

3116 - Which of the following organism has sterols in their cytoplasmic membrane?

A. Clostridum

B. Proteus

C. Mycoplasma

D. Bacillius

Mycoplasma

3117 - Which of the following organism have siliceous skeletons?

A. Foraminifera

B. Coccolithophores

C. Radiolaria

D. Cyanobacteria

Radiolaria

3118 - Which of the following organism is found at the initial stages in the batter of Idli?

A. Leuconostoc mesentroides

B. Aspergillus niger

C. Bacillus natio

D. None of these

Leuconostoc mesentroides

3119 - Which of the following organism is utilized for the production of D-L-alanine?

A. Microbacterium ammoniaphilum

B. Brevibacterium flavum

C. Arthrobacter paraffineus

D. C. glutamicum

Microbacterium ammoniaphilum

3120 - Which of the following organism occurs on the skin of fresh poultry?

A. pseudomonads

B. staphylococci

C. micrococci

D. enterococci

pseudomonads

3121 - Which of the following organism produces enzyme taka diastase?

A. A. oryzae

B. B. subtilis

C. A. niger

D. S. cerevisiae

A. oryzae

3122 - Which of the following organisms are arranged in cubical packets of eight cocci________________?

A. Staphylococcus

B. Micrococcus

C. Sarcina

D. Aerococcus

Sarcina

3123 - Which of the following organisms are known to grow on the surfaces of freshly exposed rocks?

A. green algae

B. diatoms

C. cyanobacteria

D. yeast

cyanobacteria

3124 - Which of the following organisms can be demonstrated with silver impregnation method?

A. Vibrios

B. Salmonella

C. Spirochaetes

D. Shigella

Spirochaetes

3125 - Which of the following organisms does NOT react with gram's stain ?

A. Actinomyces israelii

B. Candida albicans

C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. Streptococcus mutan

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

3126 - Which of the following organisms has the smallest genome?

A. H. influenzae

B. M. genitalium

C. M. tuberculosis

D. None of these

M. genitalium

3127 - Which of the following organisms produces neurotoxin as a virulence factor?

A. Bacillus anthracis

B. Clostridium tetani

C. Streptococcus pneumoniae

D. Staphylococcus aureus

Clostridium tetani

3128 - Which of the following organisms typically get their carbon for biosynthesis from carbon dioxide?

A. Glucose-fermenting bacteria (fermentation)

B. Anaerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (anaerobic respiration)

C. Aerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (aerobic respiration)

D. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (chemolithotrophic bacteria)

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (chemolithotrophic bacteria)

3129 - Which of the following organisms typically get their carbon for biosynthesis from organic compounds?

A. Aerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (aerobic respiration)

B. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (chemolithotrophic bacteria)

C. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria (phototrophic metabolism)

D. None of the above

Aerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (aerobic respiration)

3130 - Which of the following parasite can be killed by slow freezing method ?

A. Trichinellosis

B. Amoebae

C. Paramecium

D. All of these

Trichinellosis

3131 - Which of the following parasite causes autoinfection_________________?

A. Giardia lambella

B. Isopora belli

C. Balantidium coli

D. Taenia solium

Taenia solium

3132 - Which of the following pathogen is also known Acid Fast?

A. Listeria

B. Legionella

C. Mycoplasma

D. Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium

3133 - Which of the following pathogen is pleomorphic in shape ?

A. Bordetella

B. Neisseria

C. Franscisella

D. pseudomonas

Bordetella

3134 - Which of the following pathogen is responsible for cat scratch disease?

A. Rhizobium

B. Bartonella

C. Nitrobacter

D. Nitrosomonas

Bartonella

3135 - Which of the following pathogen produce "fried egg" colonies on culture media ?

A. Mycoplasma

B. Listeria

C. Legionella

D. Mycobacterium

Mycoplasma

3136 - Which of the following pathogen produce "swarming type of growth "?

A. Yesenia

B. Proteus

C. Serratia

D. Klebsiella

Proteus

3137 - Which of the following pathogen used as warfare?

A. Bacillus anthracis

B. Closteridieum Welchii

C. E.coli

D. Aspergillus

Bacillus anthracis

3138 - Which of the following pathway is common for oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids?

A. Calvin cycle

B. Electron transport chain

C. TCA cycle

D. Pentose phosphate pathway

TCA cycle

3139 - Which of the following phage do not cause lysogeny?

A. T2

B. T1

C. lambda

D. P1

3140 - Which of the following places shows the presence of Geothermal vents?

A. Coasts of California

B. Coasts of Peru

C. Galapagos islands

D. Pacific ocean

Galapagos islands

3141 - Which of the following plamids do not possess information for self transfer to another cell?

A. Cryptic plasmids

B. Conjugative plasmids

C. Non-conjugative plasmids

D. None of these

Non-conjugative plasmids

3142 - Which of the following possess peritrichous flagella?

A. Bacteroides

B. Anaerovibrio

C. Succinimonas

D. Fusobacterium

Bacteroides

3143 - Which of the following possesses both 5'-3' and 3'-5' exonuclease activity?

A. Kornberg enzyme

B. DNA polymerase III

C. Taq DNA polymerase

D. None of these

Kornberg enzyme

3144 - Which of the following problem cause by biofilm?

A. It enhance normal flora

B. It cause skin infection

C. It provide vitaminB

D. None of these

It cause skin infection

3145 - Which of the following problem makes it impossible to satisfy all of Koch's postulates?

A. Microorganism causes serious symptoms in humans

B. Microorganism cannot be isolated in pure culture

C. Species of microorganism is in question

D. Genes from the microorganism cannot be amplified by PCR

Microorganism cannot be isolated in pure culture

3146 - Which of the following procedures uses a photocell to measure absorbance of a culture to regulate the flow of culture media?

A. Coulter Counter

B. Hemostat

C. Petroff-Hausser chamber

D. Trubidostat

Trubidostat

3147 - Which of the following process can be efficiently carried out by incineration?

A. Sterilization of scalpel blades and needles

B. Sterilization of all glass syringes

C. Sterilization of points of forceps

D. Destruction of contaminated materials

Destruction of contaminated materials

3148 - Which of the following processes is performed by Thiobacillus thiooxidans?

A. converting sulphur to sulphates

B. converting sulphur to sulphides

C. converting sulphur to sulphites

D. converting organic sulphur to inorganic sulphur

converting sulphur to sulphates

3149 - Which of the following product acts as a substrate for the production of citric acid?

A. molasses

B. corn-steep liquor

C. barn

D. oyabeen meal

molasses

3150 - Which of the following product is not obtained from dissimilation of organic matter under aerobic conditions?

A. ammonium

B. sulphate

C. methane

D. phosphate

methane

3151 - Which of the following product is used as a food condiment?

A. Bakerâ€™s yeast

B. Ethanol

C. Wine

D. Soy sauce

Soy sauce

3152 - Which of the following product is used for the treatment of blood clots?

A. insulin

B. interferon

C. urokinase

D. somatostatin

urokinase

3153 - Which of the following product is used for the treatment of pernicious anemia?

A. Insulin

B. Streptokinase-streptodornase

C. Cobalamin

D. Sorbose

Cobalamin

3154 - Which of the following product utilizes whey as its raw material?

A. lactic acid

B. acetic acid

C. glutamic acid

D. lysine

lactic acid

3155 - Which of the following products have higher acidity and lacks aroma?

A. Cultured buttermilk

B. Cultured sour cream

C. Bulgarian milk

D. Acidophilus milk

Bulgarian milk

3156 - Which of the following products produce in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?

A. 3 molecule of NADPH and one molecule of ATP

B. Two molecule of NADPH and one molecule of ATP

C. Two molecule of NADPH and Two molecule of ATP

D. None of these

Two molecule of NADPH and one molecule of ATP

3157 - Which of the following properties are the characteristics of tetanospasmin?

A. It is a heat-labile protein

B. It is a neurotoxin

C. It can be toxoided

D. All of these

All of these

3158 - Which of the following properties is due to lysogenic conversion by phages?

A. Toxin production in Corynebacterium diphtheriae

B. Toxin production in Clostridium botulinum types C and D

C. Antigenic variation in Salmonella anatum

D. All of the above

All of the above

3159 - Which of the following property(ies) is/are seen in the members of family Enterobacteriaceae?

A. They are catalase-positive

B. They are oxidase-negative

C. They ferment glucose

D. They reduce nitrates to nitrites

They are oxidase-negative

3160 - Which of the following property(ies), shown by the organisms belong(s) to the family Enterobacteriaceae?

A. They are catalase-positive

B. They are oxidase-negative

C. They ferment glucose

D. All of these

All of these

3161 - Which of the following protective structures occur in the tentacles of suctorian protozoa?

A. mucocysts

B. trichocysts

C. toxicysts

D. haptocysts

haptocysts

3162 - Which of the following protein synthesis mechanisms may be affected by particular drugs?

A. Peptide bond formation

B. mRNA translocation

C. Aminoacyl-tRNA binding

D. All of these

All of these

3163 - Which of the following proteins first binds to TATA box during transcription?

A. TF II A

B. TF II D

C. TF II B

D. RNA polymerase

TF II D

3164 - Which of the following proteins would not need localization signal?

A. A nuclear protein

B. A cytosolic protein

C. A protein bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane

D. A cell surface protein

A cytosolic protein

3165 - Which of the following protozoa construct shells of silica?

A. foraminiferans

B. radiolarians

C. heliozoida

D. sporozoa

radiolarians

3166 - Which of the following provides best gurantee for sterlization in the heat sterilizer ?

A. Using chemical indicator strip or pouch

B. Recording a temperature/ pressure readings from sterilizer guage

C. Using a bacterial spore test

D. Determining the ability of a sterilizer to kill the hepatitis B virus

Using a bacterial spore test

3167 - Which of the following radiation have less panetrating power?

A. High energy electron beam

B. X-ray

C. Gamma rays

D. All of these

High energy electron beam

3168 - Which of the following radiations have the energy to knock electrons away from molecules and ionize them?

A. Non-ionizing radiations

B. Acoustic radiations

C. Subatomic particles

D. Ionizing radiations

Ionizing radiations

3169 - Which of the following raw materials are important for the production of glutamic acid?

A. glycerol

B. corn-steep liquor

C. tryptone

D. biotin

biotin

3170 - Which of the following rays have high panetrating power?

A. Electron beam

B. X rays

C. Gamma rays

D. All of these

Gamma rays

3171 - Which of the following reflects the correct order of events that take place during the multiplication of a virus?

A. Attachment, penetration, maturation, biosynthesis, release

B. Penetration, attachment, biosynthesis, maturation, release

C. Attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release

D. Attachment, release, biosynthesis, maturation, penetration

Attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release

3172 - Which of the following repairs nicked DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides?

A. Helicase

B. DNA gyrase

C. Topoisomerases

D. DNA ligase

DNA ligase

3173 - Which of the following replication methods leads to the production of two circular daughter chromosomes?

A. Theta mode

B. Sigma mode

C. Linear mode

D. Rolling circle method

Theta mode

3174 - Which of the following represents the serologic evidence of recent Hepatitis B virus infection during window period ?

A. HBs Ag

B. IgM anti – HBc

C. Anti HBs

D. None of the above

IgM anti – HBc

3175 - Which of the following RNA constitutes 90 percent of the total cellular RNA?

A. rRNA

B. tRNA

C. mRNA

D. hnRNA

rRNA

3176 - Which of the following role is performed by a bacteriophage in transduction?

A. vector

B. donor

C. recipient

D. episome

vector

3177 - Which of the following ROS is a powerful oxidizing agent?

A. Superoxide radical

B. Hydrogen peroxide

C. Hydroxyl radical

D. Singlet oxygen

Hydrogen peroxide

3178 - Which of the following sequences has helped in identifying eukaryotes, eubacteria and archeabacterial cell types?

A. Signature sequence

B. Signal sequence

C. Shine-Dalgarno sequence

D. Amino acid sequence

Signature sequence

3179 - Which of the following sequnace considered codon?

A. AUG

B. GGC

C. AAA

D. all of these

all of these

3180 - Which of the following sequnace regarded as stop codon?

A. UAA

B. UAG

C. UGA

D. All of these

All of these

3181 - Which of the following serotypes of Salmonella can cause gastroenteritis?

A. S enteritidis

B. S newport

C. S typhimurium

D. All of these

All of these

3182 - Which of the following serotypes of Salmonella does not produce H2S?

A. S choleraesuis

B. S paratyphi A

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. None of these

Both (a) and (b)

3183 - Which of the following sewerage systems carry domestic and industrial wastewater?

A. sanitary sewers

B. storm sewers

C. combined sewers

D. storm and combined sewers

sanitary sewers

3184 - Which of the following show the maximum resistance to physical and chemical agents?

A. Viruses

B. Mold spores

C. Bacterial spores

D. E.coli

Bacterial spores

3185 - Which of the following shows a positive urease test?

A. Proteus

B. Klebsiella

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. None of these

Both (a) and (b)

3186 - Which of the following skin disinfectant(s) is/are most frequently used?

A. Isopropyl alcohol

B. Ethyl alcohol

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. none of these

Both (a) and (b)

3187 - Which of the following soil microorganism is involved in the reduction of sulfates to H2S?

A. Thiobacillus thiooxidans

B. Desulfotomaculum

C. Rhodospirillum

D. Rhodomicrobium

Desulfotomaculum

3188 - Which of the following species are important for cervical dilation?

A. Laminaria japonica

B. Gracilaria

C. Chondrus

D. Gonyaulax catenella

Laminaria japonica

3189 - Which of the following species can cause bitterness, acidity and curdling in canned milk, cream and evaporated milk?

A. Bacillus

B. Clostridium

C. both (a) and (b)

D. Saccharomyces

Bacillus

3190 - Which of the following species in water reveal the presence of fecal pollution of human or animal origin?

A. E.coli

B. Fecal Streptococci

C. Clostridium perfringens

D. All of these

All of these

3191 - Which of the following species is associated with spoilage of canned goods?

A. B.stearothermophiles

B. B.cereus

C. B.subtilis

D. B.sphaericus

B.stearothermophiles

3192 - Which of the following species of Clostridium is predominantly sacchrolytic?

A. C septicum

B. C perfringens

C. C novyi

D. All of these

All of these

3193 - Which of the following species of Clostridium is responsible for formation of dark green to black colours in cheese?

A. Clostridium tyrobutyricum

B. Clostridium sporogenes

C. Clostridium herbarum

D. None of these

Clostridium herbarum

3194 - Which of the following species of different genera of bacteria are not capable of transforming nitrate to nitrogen?

A. Achromobacter

B. Agrobacterium

C. Alcaligenes

D. None of these

None of these

3195 - Which of the following species of Mycobacterium is positive for nitrate reduction test?

A. M chelonei

B. M fortuitum

C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. All of these

All of these

3196 - Which of the following species of streptococci belongs to Lancefield group N?

A. S.pyogenes

B. S.mutans

C. S.pneumoniae

D. S.cremoris

S.cremoris

3197 - Which of the following species produces neurotoxin which causes the death of aquatic animals?

A. Chlorella

B. Gonyaulax

C. Prototheca

D. Cephaleuros

Gonyaulax

3198 - Which of the following species require ''Pseudohyphea '' to cause infection?

A. Schizosacchromyces

B. Candida albican

C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

D. All of thes

Candida albican

3199 - Which of the following species/subspecies of Klebsiella produce indole?

A. K pneumoniae subspecies rhinoscleromatis

B. K pneumoniae subspecies aerogenes

C. K pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae

D. K oxytoca

K oxytoca

3200 - Which of the following specimens contain/s hepatitis B virus in an infected person?

A. Blood

B. Semen

C. Saliva

D. All of these

All of these

Pages

Subject Wise MCQs

Post Wise MCQs

Past Papers

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Microbiology Most Important MCQs For The Jobs Test As Well As Academic Examination Set: 8

2801 - Which of the following enzyme is required to induce the formation of a plasma clot pathogenic staphylococci_____________?

2802 - Which of the following enzyme is used for synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA?

2803 - Which of the following enzyme is used in the process of bating?

2804 - Which of the following enzyme is used to join the DNA fragments together?

2805 - Which of the following enzyme removes the RNA primer with its 5â€™-nuclease activity?

2806 - Which of the following enzyme(s) is/are required for lactose fermentation?

2807 - Which of the following enzymes acts on the DNA after its entry into the cell?

2808 - Which of the following enzymes cut the DNA molecule at a particular nucleotide sequence?

2809 - Which of the following enzymes is used to hydrolyze starch to dextrin?

2810 - Which of the following enzymes transcribe late genes?

2811 - Which of the following enzymes unwind short stretches of DNA helix immediately ahead of a replication fork?

2812 - Which of the following exposure carries the maximum risk of transmission of HIV____________?

2813 - Which of the following expresses CD3 surface antigen?

2814 - Which of the following factors are responsible for the stability of thermophiles at high temperatures?

2815 - Which of the following family of bacteria are pathogenic for citrus and other plants?

2816 - Which of the following family of bacteria fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions?

2817 - Which of the following forms of water is the most contaminated?

2818 - Which of the following fulfil all the criterias of kich's postulates ?

2819 - Which of the following fungi can kill termit inside wood?

2820 - Which of the following fungi causes severe epidemic of disease among fish in the natural environment?

2821 - Which of the following fungi on infecting crop roots can improve their uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients?

2822 - Which of the following gases are produced in large amounts during sludge digestion?

2823 - Which of the following gene codes for an enzyme which directs the insertion of the phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome?

2824 - Which of the following genera can cause disease in humans?

2825 - Which of the following genera is included in the family Bacteroi-daceae?

2826 - Which of the following genera is included in the family Picorna-viridae?

2827 - Which of the following genetic elements carry the genes required for integration into host chromosomes?

2828 - which of the following genus are known as acid fast bacteria?

2829 - Which of the following genus belongs to family Spirochaetaceae?

2830 - Which of the following genus of bacteria causes gastroenteritis in humans?

2831 - Which of the following genus of bacteria do not have a fermentative type of metabolism?

2832 - Which of the following genus of bacteria is not found in fresh waters?

2833 - Which of the following genus of bacteria under the family Enterobacteriaceae is mainly associated with plants?

2834 - Which of the following genus of organisms are normal inhabitants of the human mouth?

2835 - Which of the following genus of organisms causes meningitis in adults?

2836 - Which of the following genus of Rickettsiaceae have a high resistance to heat?

2837 - Which of the following genus of species occur on the surface of certain cheeses such as brick and Limburger?

2838 - Which of the following genus of species occurs in human feces?

2839 - Which of the following genus of species play an active role in the decomposition of urea?

2840 - Which of the following genus shows the characteristic of bioluminescence?

2841 - Which of the following gram-negative bacteria is/are not aerobic?

2842 - Which of the following gram-positive bacteria causes pharyngitis (sore throat)?

2843 - Which of the following group is not the carbohydrate containing antibiotic?

2844 - Which of the following groups contain(s) many unique coenzymes, such as coenzyme M and coenzyme F420?

2845 - Which of the following has a larger diameter?

2846 - Which of the following has been linked to Kaposi's sarcoma?

2847 - Which of the following has Chinese letter arrangement?

2848 - Which of the following has its antiviral action attributed to the interference of protein synthesis?

2849 - Which of the following has more tolerance for acidic pH (lower pH)?

2850 - Which of the following has most heat resistant spores?

2851 - Which of the following has no detectable ATPase activity?

2852 - Which of the following has peptidoglycan as a major constituent of cell wall?

2853 - Which of the following has the ability to bind antibodies?

2854 - Which of the following have bipolar tufts of flagella?

2855 - Which of the following have peritrichous flagella?

2856 - Which of the following have the capability to produce extra cellular polysaccharides______________?

2857 - Which of the following hepatitis viruses is not RNA virus?

2858 - Which of the following hint(s) suggest/s that a given specimen is likely to contain anaerobic bacteria?

2859 - Which of the following hypothesis is true about viruses?

2860 - Which of the following immunity is protective against infection by S.pyogenes?

2861 - Which of the following immunoglobulins has the highest mean serum concentration in humans_________________?

2862 - Which of the following inactivates IgA antibodies?

2863 - Which of the following inclusion bodies are present in the cytoplasm of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in the case of rabies infection?

2864 - Which of the following infect arthropods only?

2865 - Which of the following infection(s) can be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

2866 - Which of the following infection(s) can be diagnosed by the use of polymerase chain reaction?

2867 - Which of the following inference(s) indicate(s) the ability of an organism to utilize citrate as a sole source of carbon in Simmon's citrate medium?

2868 - Which of the following inhibits DNA replication?

2869 - Which of the following inhibits protein synthesis by combining with the 50S subunit ribosome?

2870 - Which of the following instrument is used for sterilizing the media after it has been prepared?

2871 - Which of the following instrument is used for the bacterial count?

2872 - Which of the following instrument is used for the recovery of yeast cells?

2873 - Which of the following instruments is used to perform tyndallization?

2874 - Which of the following interferes with the regeneration of the monophosphate form of bactoprenol from the pyrophosphate form?

2875 - Which of the following intermediates of TCA cycle act as amino acid precursors?