2001 - The plasmids can be eliminated from a cell by the process known as
2001 - The plasmids can be eliminated from a cell by the process known as
curing
2002 - The population of algae in soil is __________ that of either bacteria or fungi.
2002 - The population of algae in soil is __________ that of either bacteria or fungi.
generally smaller than
2003 - The portion of the growth curve where rapid growth of bacteria is observed is known as ____________
2003 - The portion of the growth curve where rapid growth of bacteria is observed is known as ____________
Logarithmic phase
2004 - The potability of water can be checked by sanitary surveys.
2004 - The potability of water can be checked by sanitary surveys.
FALSE
2005 - The potential spoilage organism in beer is
2005 - The potential spoilage organism in beer is
Saccharomyces diastaticus
2006 - The predominant immunoglobulin in saliva is_______________?
2006 - The predominant immunoglobulin in saliva is_______________?
IgA
2007 - The predominant kind of bacteria causing spoilage in fish at chilling temperature is
2007 - The predominant kind of bacteria causing spoilage in fish at chilling temperature is
species of Pseudomonas
2008 - The predominant lipid substance found in the viral envelope is
2008 - The predominant lipid substance found in the viral envelope is
phospholipids
2009 - The predominant micro-organisms in frozen foods are
2009 - The predominant micro-organisms in frozen foods are
yeast and moulds
2010 - The presence of chain of carbon atoms in organic compound is called as
2010 - The presence of chain of carbon atoms in organic compound is called as
Carbon skeleton
2011 - The presence of viable non-spore forming bacteria in heat process canned foods indicates leakage of the container. Which of the following is responsible for the spoilage of leaky cans?
2011 - The presence of viable non-spore forming bacteria in heat process canned foods indicates leakage of the container. Which of the following is responsible for the spoilage of leaky cans?
Cooling water
2012 - The presence of Which of the following factors in viruses makes protective vaccines a possibility ?
2012 - The presence of Which of the following factors in viruses makes protective vaccines a possibility ?
Protein coat
2013 - The primary producers in the marine system are ________________
2013 - The primary producers in the marine system are ________________
cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae
2014 - The primary producers transform radiant energy into heat energy.
2014 - The primary producers transform radiant energy into heat energy.
FALSE
2015 - The primary stain of Gram's method is
2015 - The primary stain of Gram's method is
crystal violet
2016 - The principal microorganism for yogurt is ______________________
2016 - The principal microorganism for yogurt is ______________________
Streptococcus thermophilus
2017 - The problem(s) associated with development of a vaccine against HIV is/are
2017 - The problem(s) associated with development of a vaccine against HIV is/are
all of these
2018 - The procapsid is assembled with the aid of __________ proteins.
2018 - The procapsid is assembled with the aid of __________ proteins.
scaffolding
2019 - The process by which phage reproduction is initiated in lysogenized culture is called
2019 - The process by which phage reproduction is initiated in lysogenized culture is called
induction
2020 - The process in which endospore can return to it's a vegetative structure is known as
2020 - The process in which endospore can return to it's a vegetative structure is known as
Germination
2021 - The process in which genetic material transfer from one bacteria to another called as
2021 - The process in which genetic material transfer from one bacteria to another called as
Transformation
2022 - The process in which protozoa attaches themselves to a host’s body is known as __________________
2022 - The process in which protozoa attaches themselves to a host’s body is known as __________________
Ectocommensalism
2023 - The process in which RNA strand formed from DNA strand is known as ________
2023 - The process in which RNA strand formed from DNA strand is known as ________
Translation
2024 - The Process of attenuation can be achieved by all except___________________?
2024 - The Process of attenuation can be achieved by all except___________________?
Serial passage in an experimental host
2025 - The process of conjugation occur by help of _____
2025 - The process of conjugation occur by help of _____
Pili
2026 - The process of endospore formation within a vegetative part known as
2026 - The process of endospore formation within a vegetative part known as
Both A and B
2027 - The process of fusion of nuceus of two mating types is known as plasmogamy.
2027 - The process of fusion of nuceus of two mating types is known as plasmogamy.
FALSE
2028 - The process of Gram staining is based on the ability of bacterial cell wall
2028 - The process of Gram staining is based on the ability of bacterial cell wall
to retain the crystal violet dye during solvent treatment.
2029 - The process of killing all microorganisms along with their spores is ____________________
2029 - The process of killing all microorganisms along with their spores is ____________________
Sterilization
2030 - The process of making an object free from living organisms including bacterial and fungal spores and viruses is known as
2030 - The process of making an object free from living organisms including bacterial and fungal spores and viruses is known as
sterilization
2031 - The process of synthesis of protein from RNA molecule is known as
2031 - The process of synthesis of protein from RNA molecule is known as
Translation
2032 - The process of transduction between bacterial cell by the help of ________
2032 - The process of transduction between bacterial cell by the help of ________
Virus
2033 - The process that actually produce ATP known as
2033 - The process that actually produce ATP known as
Chemiosmosis
2034 - The production of acetic acid from ethanol is an
2034 - The production of acetic acid from ethanol is an
aerobic process
2035 - The production of sufficient acid by fermentation of glucose leads to decrease in pH such that pH of the medium falls below 4.5. Which of the following test can detect it?
2035 - The production of sufficient acid by fermentation of glucose leads to decrease in pH such that pH of the medium falls below 4.5. Which of the following test can detect it?
Methyl red test
2036 - The promoter on an expression vector used to overproduce proteins in bacteria is
2036 - The promoter on an expression vector used to overproduce proteins in bacteria is
a bacterial promoter
2037 - The prosthetic group of a cytochrome contains how many iron atoms?
2037 - The prosthetic group of a cytochrome contains how many iron atoms?
one
2038 - The protective effects breast milk are known to be associated with______________?
2038 - The protective effects breast milk are known to be associated with______________?
IgA antibodies
2039 - The protein coat of the virus remains outside the host cell.
2039 - The protein coat of the virus remains outside the host cell.
TRUE
2040 - The protein from which hook and filaments of flagella are composed of, is
2040 - The protein from which hook and filaments of flagella are composed of, is
flagellin
2041 - The protein integrase is encoded by which of the following gene?
2041 - The protein integrase is encoded by which of the following gene?
lambda gene
2042 - The protoplast can be used to
2042 - The protoplast can be used to
all of these
2043 - The prototype of Type II hypersensitivity reaction is__________________?
2043 - The prototype of Type II hypersensitivity reaction is__________________?
Auto immune hemolytic anemia
2044 - The putrifactive anaerobes grow best in the
2044 - The putrifactive anaerobes grow best in the
low acid canned foods
2045 - The rapid process of microbial oxidation developed to produce acetic acid from ethanol at Schutzenbach, Germany is also known as
2045 - The rapid process of microbial oxidation developed to produce acetic acid from ethanol at Schutzenbach, Germany is also known as
both (a) and (b)
2046 - The rate of flux of oxygen in air is __________ to/than the rate of flux of oxygen in water.
2046 - The rate of flux of oxygen in air is __________ to/than the rate of flux of oxygen in water.
greater
2047 - The reaction for the transfer of phosphoryl group of phosphoenol pyruvate to the sugar molecule requires which ion?
2047 - The reaction for the transfer of phosphoryl group of phosphoenol pyruvate to the sugar molecule requires which ion?
Mg2+
2048 - The reaction(s) that is/are usually positive in Escherichia coli, is/ are
2048 - The reaction(s) that is/are usually positive in Escherichia coli, is/ are
All of these
2049 - The reaction, where small precursor molecules are assembled into larger organic molecules is referred as
2049 - The reaction, where small precursor molecules are assembled into larger organic molecules is referred as
anabolism
2050 - The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are called
2050 - The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are called
catabolism
2051 - The Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) produced by some bacteria are degraded by which of the following enzymes?
2051 - The Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) produced by some bacteria are degraded by which of the following enzymes?
Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase
2052 - The reaginic antibody is________________?
2052 - The reaginic antibody is________________?
IgE
2053 - The recovery of vitamin from fermentation broth is carried out prior to
2053 - The recovery of vitamin from fermentation broth is carried out prior to
autolysis
2054 - The red color of meat, called its bloom, may be changed to shades of green, brown or grey as a result of production of oxidizing compounds by bacteria. Which of the following species are reported to cause the greening of sausage?
2054 - The red color of meat, called its bloom, may be changed to shades of green, brown or grey as a result of production of oxidizing compounds by bacteria. Which of the following species are reported to cause the greening of sausage?
Both (a) and (b)
2055 - The red or pink color of the fish is generally caused from the growth of
2055 - The red or pink color of the fish is generally caused from the growth of
all of these
2056 - The Redfield ratio is an index of concentration of
2056 - The Redfield ratio is an index of concentration of
carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous
2057 - The reduction of sulphates and sulphites to hydrogen sulphide is done by which group of bacteria?
2057 - The reduction of sulphates and sulphites to hydrogen sulphide is done by which group of bacteria?
anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria
2058 - The region in which bacteriochlorophyll can absorb light is _________
2058 - The region in which bacteriochlorophyll can absorb light is _________
infrared region
2059 - The relationship between an oxidation-reduction potential difference and the standard free energy change is (where n is the number of moles of electron transferred, F= Faraday's constant and E°= standard oxidation-reduction potential difference)
2059 - The relationship between an oxidation-reduction potential difference and the standard free energy change is (where n is the number of moles of electron transferred, F= Faraday's constant and E°= standard oxidation-reduction potential difference)
ΔG° = -nFE°
2060 - The reovirus and influenza virus contain
2060 - The reovirus and influenza virus contain
10 different segments of dsRNA and 8 different segments of ssRNA respectively
2061 - The replacement of a purine by a pyrimidine or vice versa is known as ____________
2061 - The replacement of a purine by a pyrimidine or vice versa is known as ____________
tranversion
2062 - The replication of chromosomes by eukaryotes occurs in a relatively short period of time because
2062 - The replication of chromosomes by eukaryotes occurs in a relatively short period of time because
each chromosome contains multiple replicons
2063 - The repressor protein, since the cell is resistant to lysis from externally infecting phage, is also called
2063 - The repressor protein, since the cell is resistant to lysis from externally infecting phage, is also called
immunity repressor
2064 - The reproduction by budding occur in
2064 - The reproduction by budding occur in
Both (a) and (b)
2065 - The respiratory chain of bacteria is associated with the _____________
2065 - The respiratory chain of bacteria is associated with the _____________
cytoplasmic membrane
2066 - The ribosome binding site
2066 - The ribosome binding site
is located immediately upstream of the start codon
2067 - The ribosome of E.coli is made up of which two subunits?
2067 - The ribosome of E.coli is made up of which two subunits?
50S and 30S
2068 - The Rickettsias and Chlamydias are similar in all respects.
2068 - The Rickettsias and Chlamydias are similar in all respects.
FALSE
2069 - The RNA sarcoma viruses, the most strongly transforming viruses may transform which of the following cells in a culture?
2069 - The RNA sarcoma viruses, the most strongly transforming viruses may transform which of the following cells in a culture?
all of these
2070 - The role of bacteriophyll in an oxygenic photosynthesis is to
2070 - The role of bacteriophyll in an oxygenic photosynthesis is to
use light energy to energize an electron
2071 - The role of molecular chaperones is to
2071 - The role of molecular chaperones is to
aid a newly synthesized polypeptide in folding to its proper shape
2072 - The role of the M cell is to
2072 - The role of the M cell is to
pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for processing and presentation of antigen
2073 - The Sabin vaccine is 70 to 90 percent effective for immunization against poliomyelitis.
2073 - The Sabin vaccine is 70 to 90 percent effective for immunization against poliomyelitis.
FALSE
2074 - The Sarcina sickness of beer, caused by Pedicoccus cerevisiae, is characterized by
2074 - The Sarcina sickness of beer, caused by Pedicoccus cerevisiae, is characterized by
all of these
2075 - The schizonts enter which body part?
2075 - The schizonts enter which body part?
liver
2076 - The science of classification espacially classification of living forms called
2076 - The science of classification espacially classification of living forms called
Taxonomy
2077 - The science of gathering and analysing large amounts of complicated biological data, such as genetic codes
2077 - The science of gathering and analysing large amounts of complicated biological data, such as genetic codes
Bioinformatics
2078 - The scientist who first discovered the substance penicillin was
2078 - The scientist who first discovered the substance penicillin was
Alexander Fleming
2079 - The screening test/s for diagnosis of HIV infection is/are
2079 - The screening test/s for diagnosis of HIV infection is/are
all of these
2080 - The secondary electrons radiated back in scanning microscope is collected by?
2080 - The secondary electrons radiated back in scanning microscope is collected by?
anode
2081 - The secretary component of sIgA is
2081 - The secretary component of sIgA is
formed by cleavage of an epithelial cell receptor used to transport the dimeric IgA across the epithelial cell
2082 - The sequence of nucleic acid in a variety of viruses and viral host, will find more similarities
2082 - The sequence of nucleic acid in a variety of viruses and viral host, will find more similarities
between viruses and their hosts than among different viruses
2083 - The serum concentration of which of the following human IgG subclass is maximum ?
2083 - The serum concentration of which of the following human IgG subclass is maximum ?
IgG1
2084 - The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is
2084 - The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is
a short sequence that acts as a ribosomal binding site
2085 - The sigma factor
2085 - The sigma factor
recognizes the promotor
2086 - The single most important laboratory test for determining the virulence of staphylococci is___________?
2086 - The single most important laboratory test for determining the virulence of staphylococci is___________?
Detection of coagulase
2087 - The size of a single plant cell is usually within the range of
2087 - The size of a single plant cell is usually within the range of
20-40μm in diameter and 100-200μm long
2088 - The size of viruses is usually measured in
2088 - The size of viruses is usually measured in
nanometers
2089 - The small nonparticulate protein leading to enhanced replication of HBV as well as HIV is______________?
2089 - The small nonparticulate protein leading to enhanced replication of HBV as well as HIV is______________?
HBx Ag
2090 - The smallest cells of mycoplasmas are about ___________ in diameter.
2090 - The smallest cells of mycoplasmas are about ___________ in diameter.
0.3 micrometre
2091 - The solidifying agent commonly used in preparation of media is/are
2091 - The solidifying agent commonly used in preparation of media is/are
both (a) and (b)
2092 - The species of Acetobacter which produces cellulosic strands to hold the cells in lime layer is
2092 - The species of Acetobacter which produces cellulosic strands to hold the cells in lime layer is
Acetobacter xylinum
2093 - The species of animals which is most susceptible to rabies infection is
2093 - The species of animals which is most susceptible to rabies infection is
cat
2094 - The species of bacteria, which possesses 250 genes for lipid biosynthesis is
2094 - The species of bacteria, which possesses 250 genes for lipid biosynthesis is
M. tuberculosis
2095 - The specific enzyme/(s) of the glyoxylate cycle is/are
2095 - The specific enzyme/(s) of the glyoxylate cycle is/are
both (a) and (b)
2096 - The specific test for Treponema pallidum is___________?
2096 - The specific test for Treponema pallidum is___________?
TPHA
2097 - The spirochete which is associated with fusospirochetosis is______________?
2097 - The spirochete which is associated with fusospirochetosis is______________?
Borrelia vincenti
2098 - The spoilage most commonly occurring in wine is tourne which refers to
2098 - The spoilage most commonly occurring in wine is tourne which refers to
acid formation from sugars, glucose and fructose
2099 - The spoilage of eggs by fungi goes through stages of mold growth that give the defects their names. Very early mold growth is termed
2099 - The spoilage of eggs by fungi goes through stages of mold growth that give the defects their names. Very early mold growth is termed
pin-spot molding
2100 - The Sporozoa belongs to which of the following phylum?
2100 - The Sporozoa belongs to which of the following phylum?
Apicomplexa
2101 - The stage of plasmodium in which trophozoites look like a ring in which nucleus and cytoplasm visible?
2101 - The stage of plasmodium in which trophozoites look like a ring in which nucleus and cytoplasm visible?
Ring stag
2102 - The staphylococcal intoxication refers to presence of
2102 - The staphylococcal intoxication refers to presence of
an enterotoxin
2103 - The step where glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized is substrate-level phosphorylation.
2103 - The step where glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized is substrate-level phosphorylation.
FALSE
2104 - The straightforward method of binary fission explains how bacteria
2104 - The straightforward method of binary fission explains how bacteria
reproduce
2105 - The strain C. glutamicum can be used for the production of
2105 - The strain C. glutamicum can be used for the production of
all of these
2106 - The structural abnormality of cells is termed as
2106 - The structural abnormality of cells is termed as
anaplasia
2107 - The structure in involved in bacterial attachment to cell surface is_______________?
2107 - The structure in involved in bacterial attachment to cell surface is_______________?
Fimbria
2108 - The structure responsible for motility of bacteria is
2108 - The structure responsible for motility of bacteria is
flagella
2109 - The structure which contains the zygote nuclei in Rhizopus stolonifer is is known as _______________
2109 - The structure which contains the zygote nuclei in Rhizopus stolonifer is is known as _______________
coenozygote
2110 - The study of genetic material taken directly from environmental samples is known as
2110 - The study of genetic material taken directly from environmental samples is known as
Metagenomics
2111 - The submerged fermentation of vinegar utilizes special fermentor designs known as
2111 - The submerged fermentation of vinegar utilizes special fermentor designs known as
both (a) and (b)
2112 - The substance(s) which can be produced by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is/are
2112 - The substance(s) which can be produced by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is/are
All of these
2113 - The sugar concentration of molasses used in fermentation should be
2113 - The sugar concentration of molasses used in fermentation should be
10-18%
2114 - The sulfur pearl of Namibia, Thiomargarita namibiensis
2114 - The sulfur pearl of Namibia, Thiomargarita namibiensis
Both (a) and (b)
2115 - The surface waters are susceptible to contamination with microorganisms from _______________
2115 - The surface waters are susceptible to contamination with microorganisms from _______________
atmospheric water and the surface runoff
2116 - The susceptibility of a microorganism to antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents can be determined by using
2116 - The susceptibility of a microorganism to antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents can be determined by using
both (a) and (b)
2117 - The swarming daughter cells possess special locomoter organelles like the parent cell.
2117 - The swarming daughter cells possess special locomoter organelles like the parent cell.
FALSE
2118 - The symmetry of nucleocapsid of poxvirusps is/are
2118 - The symmetry of nucleocapsid of poxvirusps is/are
complex
2119 - The synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase occurs in the
2119 - The synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase occurs in the
5' to 3' direction
2120 - The synthesis of mRNA based on a DNA template is called
2120 - The synthesis of mRNA based on a DNA template is called
transcription
2121 - The synthesis of new membrane material during reproduction in Gram-positive cells is performed by which of the following organelles?
2121 - The synthesis of new membrane material during reproduction in Gram-positive cells is performed by which of the following organelles?
Mesosome
2122 - The synthesis of polynucleotide chain of mRNA is catalyzed by the enzyme _____________
2122 - The synthesis of polynucleotide chain of mRNA is catalyzed by the enzyme _____________
RNA polymerase
2123 - The systemic mycoses are caused mainly by air-borne organisms.
2123 - The systemic mycoses are caused mainly by air-borne organisms.
TRUE
2124 - The taxa having the ending -mycetes is _______________
2124 - The taxa having the ending -mycetes is _______________
Class
2125 - The TCA Cycle is an _____________ pathway.
2125 - The TCA Cycle is an _____________ pathway.
amphibolic
2126 - The TCA cycle is regulated by which of the following enzymes?
2126 - The TCA cycle is regulated by which of the following enzymes?
isocitrate dehydrogenase
2127 - The technique first described to determine the incipient spoilage in meat was
2127 - The technique first described to determine the incipient spoilage in meat was
extract Release Volume (ERV)
2128 - The technique in which small molecule of DNA quickly amplified and increase in number called
2128 - The technique in which small molecule of DNA quickly amplified and increase in number called
PCR
2129 - The technique(s), used for the assay of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli, is/are
2129 - The technique(s), used for the assay of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli, is/are
All of these
2130 - The temperate phage possesses a gene that codes for a repressor protein which makes the cell resistant to lysis initiated by
2130 - The temperate phage possesses a gene that codes for a repressor protein which makes the cell resistant to lysis initiated by
Both (a) and (b)
2131 - The temperate phage that have no site specificity for insertion and may even be able to insert multiple copies of their DNA into a single bacterial chromosome is
2131 - The temperate phage that have no site specificity for insertion and may even be able to insert multiple copies of their DNA into a single bacterial chromosome is
Phage Mu
2132 - The temperature required for cultivating mycobacterium________________?
2132 - The temperature required for cultivating mycobacterium________________?
37 degrees
2133 - The temperature that allows for most rapid growth during a short period of time is known as __________
2133 - The temperature that allows for most rapid growth during a short period of time is known as __________
Optimum Temperature
2134 - The temperatures used for canning foods ranges from ____________________
2134 - The temperatures used for canning foods ranges from ____________________
100-121 degree C
2135 - The template for PCR is
2135 - The template for PCR is
double stranded DNA
2136 - The term "global pandemic disease" refers to which of the following?
2136 - The term "global pandemic disease" refers to which of the following?
All of these
2137 - The term aerotolerant anaerobe refers to an organism that
2137 - The term aerotolerant anaerobe refers to an organism that
doesn't use oxygen but can grow in the presence of oxygen
2138 - The term animalcules to oral microorganisms is given by__________________?
2138 - The term animalcules to oral microorganisms is given by__________________?
Leumenhoek
2139 - The term epitope refers to________________?
2139 - The term epitope refers to________________?
Smallest antigenic determinant
2140 - The term facultative anaerobe refers to an organism that
2140 - The term facultative anaerobe refers to an organism that
uses oxygen when present or grows without oxygen when absent
2141 - The term fertility of oceans is used to express the capacity for the production of inorganic matter.
2141 - The term fertility of oceans is used to express the capacity for the production of inorganic matter.
FALSE
2142 - The term obligate anaerobe refers to an organism that
2142 - The term obligate anaerobe refers to an organism that
is killed by oxygen
2143 - The term 'Prokaryotic ' Was introduced by which of the following scientist?
2143 - The term 'Prokaryotic ' Was introduced by which of the following scientist?
Edouard Chatton
2144 - The term used for acquisition of naked DNA from its environment and its incorporation in their genome by a bacterium is
2144 - The term used for acquisition of naked DNA from its environment and its incorporation in their genome by a bacterium is
transformation
2145 - The term used for plasmids possessing both RTF and r determinants is
2145 - The term used for plasmids possessing both RTF and r determinants is
conjugative plasmids
2146 - The terminal sequence of nucleotides in all tRNA is __________
2146 - The terminal sequence of nucleotides in all tRNA is __________
ACC
2147 - The terms mycelium and hyphae are associated with
2147 - The terms mycelium and hyphae are associated with
fungi
2148 - The test (s) based on the principle of toxin neutralization is/are
2148 - The test (s) based on the principle of toxin neutralization is/are
both (a) and (b)
2149 - The test(s) used for the assay of cholera toxin is/are
2149 - The test(s) used for the assay of cholera toxin is/are
All of the above
2150 - The test(s) which can be used to differentiate anthrax bacilli from anthracoid bacilli is/are
2150 - The test(s) which can be used to differentiate anthrax bacilli from anthracoid bacilli is/are
all of these
2151 - The thallus of a mold consists of
2151 - The thallus of a mold consists of
both (a) and (b)
2152 - The thermophilic anaerobe spoilage of low and medium acid canned products are caused by _____________
2152 - The thermophilic anaerobe spoilage of low and medium acid canned products are caused by _____________
Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum
2153 - The third generation cephalosporin agents is
2153 - The third generation cephalosporin agents is
cefotaxime
2154 - The third kingdom, protista, as suggested by E.H. Haeckel includes
2154 - The third kingdom, protista, as suggested by E.H. Haeckel includes
all of these
2155 - The three domain version of life on earth is based on the
2155 - The three domain version of life on earth is based on the
nucleic acid sequence data
2156 - The time gap between appearance of Koplik's spot and cutaneous rash in measles is________________?
2156 - The time gap between appearance of Koplik's spot and cutaneous rash in measles is________________?
3-4 days
2157 - The time in minutes at a specific temperature needed to kill a population of cells is the
2157 - The time in minutes at a specific temperature needed to kill a population of cells is the
F value
2158 - The time required to kill 90% of the microorganisms in a sample at a specific temperature is the
2158 - The time required to kill 90% of the microorganisms in a sample at a specific temperature is the
D value
2159 - The time temperature combination for HTST paterurization of 71.1°C for 15 sec is selected on the basis of
2159 - The time temperature combination for HTST paterurization of 71.1°C for 15 sec is selected on the basis of
Coxiella Burnetii
2160 - The tissue structure deteriorates as the virus multiplies. This deterioration is called
2160 - The tissue structure deteriorates as the virus multiplies. This deterioration is called
cytopathic effect
2161 - The total biomass of an organism will be determined by the nutrient present in the lowest concentration relative to the organism's requirements is a statement of
2161 - The total biomass of an organism will be determined by the nutrient present in the lowest concentration relative to the organism's requirements is a statement of
Liebig's law of the minimum
2162 - The toxin of Staphylococcus aureus that may result into scalded skin syndrome is
2162 - The toxin of Staphylococcus aureus that may result into scalded skin syndrome is
Epidermolytic toxin
2163 - The toxins produced by bacteria
2163 - The toxins produced by bacteria
interfere with physiological processes in the body
2164 - The transcription of the viral nucleic acid into mRNA is not necessary in case of
2164 - The transcription of the viral nucleic acid into mRNA is not necessary in case of
RNA viruses
2165 - The transducing particles carry only specific portions of the bacterial genome in which of the following transduction?
2165 - The transducing particles carry only specific portions of the bacterial genome in which of the following transduction?
Specialized transduction
2166 - The transfer of genes from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is known as __________________
2166 - The transfer of genes from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is known as __________________
Transduction
2167 - The transfer of naked DNA from one cell to another is referred to as _______________
2167 - The transfer of naked DNA from one cell to another is referred to as _______________
Transformation
2168 - The transformation of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is accomplished by microorganisms in a series of biochemical reactions. The process is known as
2168 - The transformation of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is accomplished by microorganisms in a series of biochemical reactions. The process is known as
denitrification
2169 - The transport medium for Vibrio cholerae can be
2169 - The transport medium for Vibrio cholerae can be
Venkatraman-Ramakrishnan medium
2170 - The transposase gene encodes an enzyme that facilitate
2170 - The transposase gene encodes an enzyme that facilitate
site-specific integration of transposable elements
2171 - The Trichomonads found in the intestine are ___________________
2171 - The Trichomonads found in the intestine are ___________________
Trichomonas hominis
2172 - The two major components of viruses are
2172 - The two major components of viruses are
nucleic acid and protein
2173 - The type of immunoglobulin most commonly increased in multiple myeloma is_______________?
2173 - The type of immunoglobulin most commonly increased in multiple myeloma is_______________?
IgG
2174 - The type of mutation in which only one base is replace called
2174 - The type of mutation in which only one base is replace called
Both A and B
2175 - The type of recombination that commonly occurs between a pair of homologous DNA sequences is,
2175 - The type of recombination that commonly occurs between a pair of homologous DNA sequences is,
general recombination
2176 - The type of transport in which energy is used is known as
2176 - The type of transport in which energy is used is known as
Active Transport
2177 - The uncontrolled proliferation of cells is termed as
2177 - The uncontrolled proliferation of cells is termed as
hyperplasia
2178 - The unifying feature of the archaea that distinguishes them from the bacteria is
2178 - The unifying feature of the archaea that distinguishes them from the bacteria is
absence of a nuclear membrane temperature
2179 - The upper region of the trickling filter is favorable for the growth of _____________
2179 - The upper region of the trickling filter is favorable for the growth of _____________
algae
2180 - The urine sample of a patient has been sent to the laboratory to look for Leptospira. The specimen is to be screened by use of the__________________?
2180 - The urine sample of a patient has been sent to the laboratory to look for Leptospira. The specimen is to be screened by use of the__________________?
Dark ground microscope
2181 - The use of microbes to break down synthetic waste products such as polychlorinated biphenyls is called
2181 - The use of microbes to break down synthetic waste products such as polychlorinated biphenyls is called
bioremediation
2182 - The usual concentration of agar used in agar medium is___________________?
2182 - The usual concentration of agar used in agar medium is___________________?
0.02
2183 - The violet pigement, violacein, is produced by which of the following bacterial genus?
2183 - The violet pigement, violacein, is produced by which of the following bacterial genus?
Chromobacterium
2184 - The viral action is differentiated from bacterial action by_________________?
2184 - The viral action is differentiated from bacterial action by_________________?
Interferon production
2185 - The viral DNA is removed from the host's chromosomes and the lytic cycle occurs. The process is called
2185 - The viral DNA is removed from the host's chromosomes and the lytic cycle occurs. The process is called
spontaneous induction
2186 - The viral DNA may be incorporated into the phage head during phage assembly.
2186 - The viral DNA may be incorporated into the phage head during phage assembly.
FALSE
2187 - The viral DNA of the temperate phage, instead of taking over the functions of the cell's genes, is incorporated into the host DNA and becomes a prophage in the bacterial chromosome, acting as a gene. This happens in
2187 - The viral DNA of the temperate phage, instead of taking over the functions of the cell's genes, is incorporated into the host DNA and becomes a prophage in the bacterial chromosome, acting as a gene. This happens in
lysogeny
2188 - The viral nucleocapsid is the combination of
2188 - The viral nucleocapsid is the combination of
genome and capsid
2189 - The virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhea include all of the following except____________?
2189 - The virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhea include all of the following except____________?
M-Proteins
2190 - The virus HIV is produced and propagated in_______________?
2190 - The virus HIV is produced and propagated in_______________?
Circulating T4
2191 - The virus which causes Aplastic anemia in chronic hemolytic disease is_______________?
2191 - The virus which causes Aplastic anemia in chronic hemolytic disease is_______________?
Parvo virus
2192 - The virus(es) which can cause aseptic meningitis is/are
2192 - The virus(es) which can cause aseptic meningitis is/are
All of these
2193 - The virus(es) which has club-shaped peplomers and infects the respiratory tract is/are
2193 - The virus(es) which has club-shaped peplomers and infects the respiratory tract is/are
Coronavirus '
2194 - The viruses in an attenuated vaccine
2194 - The viruses in an attenuated vaccine
continue to replicate
2195 - The viruses, which is/are transmitted by parenteral and sexual routes is/are
2195 - The viruses, which is/are transmitted by parenteral and sexual routes is/are
All of these
2196 - The walless cell is termed as
2196 - The walless cell is termed as
Protoplasm
2197 - The walls of Nocardioforms contains the sugars ____________
2197 - The walls of Nocardioforms contains the sugars ____________
arabinose and galactose
2198 - The whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach depends primarily on
2198 - The whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach depends primarily on
rapidly sequencing thousands of small randomly cloned fragments
2199 - The Window period in HIV infection means______________?
2199 - The Window period in HIV infection means______________?
The time lapse between the infection and detection of viral antibodies
2200 - The Winogradsky column experiment is done in the dark.
2200 - The Winogradsky column experiment is done in the dark.
FALSE
2201 - The word cell was first used by
2201 - The word cell was first used by
Robert Hooke
2202 - The word glycolysis mean:
2202 - The word glycolysis mean:
Splitting of glucose
2203 - The word, used for the small solid supports onto which are spotted hundreds of thousands of tiny drops of DNA that can be used to screen gene expression, is
2203 - The word, used for the small solid supports onto which are spotted hundreds of thousands of tiny drops of DNA that can be used to screen gene expression, is
DNA microarrays
2204 - The world german measles is applied for_____________?
2204 - The world german measles is applied for_____________?
Rubella
2205 - The X factor and/or the V factor is required by which genus of bacteria?
2205 - The X factor and/or the V factor is required by which genus of bacteria?
Haemophilus
2206 - The yeast cell or mould filament is surrounded by a true cell wall.
2206 - The yeast cell or mould filament is surrounded by a true cell wall.
TRUE
2207 - The yoghurt is made from
2207 - The yoghurt is made from
mixed culture of (a) and (b)
2208 - There are how many type of respiration?
2208 - There are how many type of respiration?
Two
2209 - There are one or more oospheres in each oogonium.
2209 - There are one or more oospheres in each oogonium.
TRUE
2210 - Thermus aquaticus, a common bacterial inhabitant generally prevails in temperatures of ____________
2210 - Thermus aquaticus, a common bacterial inhabitant generally prevails in temperatures of ____________
70-720C
2211 - Thermus thermopiles is a
2211 - Thermus thermopiles is a
gram negative eubacteria
2212 - Thiobacillus can produce an acidity in the range of pH __________
2212 - Thiobacillus can produce an acidity in the range of pH __________
1
2213 - Thiobacillus thiooxidans has an optimum pH of
2213 - Thiobacillus thiooxidans has an optimum pH of
2.0-3.5
2214 - Thread worm is______________?
2214 - Thread worm is______________?
Enterobius
2215 - Three stop codons, which aids in termination of translation are also known as
2215 - Three stop codons, which aids in termination of translation are also known as
nonsense codons
2216 - Thumb print appearance in culture film smear is seen______________?
2216 - Thumb print appearance in culture film smear is seen______________?
Bordetelia pertussis
2217 - Thymine dimers are directly repaired with the help of visible light by process known as
2217 - Thymine dimers are directly repaired with the help of visible light by process known as
photoreactivation
2218 - Tinea versicolor is caused by _______________
2218 - Tinea versicolor is caused by _______________
Malassezia furfur
2219 - To a living organism, which of the following has the greatest amount of available energy per molecule?
2219 - To a living organism, which of the following has the greatest amount of available energy per molecule?
ATP
2220 - To filter bacteria scientist select which of the following range of pore size of filter paper?
2220 - To filter bacteria scientist select which of the following range of pore size of filter paper?
0.22um to 0.45 um
2221 - To filter the viruse from medicine , scientist select which of the following pore size of filter paper?
2221 - To filter the viruse from medicine , scientist select which of the following pore size of filter paper?
0.01um
2222 - To grow the heamophilus influenza species in culture media which of the growth factor must required?
2222 - To grow the heamophilus influenza species in culture media which of the growth factor must required?
X factor
2223 - To select cholera-causing bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, the pH of the medium is maintained at a pH of
2223 - To select cholera-causing bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, the pH of the medium is maintained at a pH of
8.5
2224 - To sterlized the room that contain burn patients which of the following method preferred?
2224 - To sterlized the room that contain burn patients which of the following method preferred?
High efficacy particulate air
2225 - To visualizing Bacillus endospore ,Which one of the following stain used?
2225 - To visualizing Bacillus endospore ,Which one of the following stain used?
SachaferFulton
2226 - To which genus enterococcus is more related?
2226 - To which genus enterococcus is more related?
Streptococcus
2227 - To which of the following adenine always binds?
2227 - To which of the following adenine always binds?
Thymine
2228 - Too long a fermentation of sauerkraut may favour the growth of
2228 - Too long a fermentation of sauerkraut may favour the growth of
Lactobacillus brevis
2229 - Total Magnification is obtained by __________
2229 - Total Magnification is obtained by __________
Magnifying power of both the objective lens and eyepiece
2230 - Toxic shock syndrome is due to the following virulence factor_____________?
2230 - Toxic shock syndrome is due to the following virulence factor_____________?
Pyrogenic exotoxin
2231 - Toxin A involved in pseudomembranous colitis is a type of _______________
2231 - Toxin A involved in pseudomembranous colitis is a type of _______________
enterotoxin
2232 - Toxoids are_________________?
2232 - Toxoids are_________________?
antigenic and non-toxic
2233 - Trachoma is a disease of _______
2233 - Trachoma is a disease of _______
Blindness in human
2234 - Trachoma is caused by ________
2234 - Trachoma is caused by ________
Chlamydia
2235 - Transfection involves the introduction of plasmid hybrid DNA into the host cell.
2235 - Transfection involves the introduction of plasmid hybrid DNA into the host cell.
FALSE
2236 - Transfer of genes between cells that are in physical contact with one another is known as transformation.
2236 - Transfer of genes between cells that are in physical contact with one another is known as transformation.
FALSE
2237 - Transfer of infection from cell to cell occurs mainly by direct transfer of virions via
2237 - Transfer of infection from cell to cell occurs mainly by direct transfer of virions via
plasmodesmata
2238 - Transfer RNA is a single chain of ___________ nucleotides.
2238 - Transfer RNA is a single chain of ___________ nucleotides.
about 80
2239 - Translation of mRNA into proteins takes place in the ________________
2239 - Translation of mRNA into proteins takes place in the ________________
host cell cytoplasm
2240 - Translation takes place before transcription.
2240 - Translation takes place before transcription.
FALSE
2241 - Transmission of all of the following intestinal parasites takes place by the feco-oral route except______________?
2241 - Transmission of all of the following intestinal parasites takes place by the feco-oral route except______________?
Strongyloides
2242 - Transmission of bubonic plague is by
2242 - Transmission of bubonic plague is by
rat flea
2243 - Transmission of hepatitis G virus is
2243 - Transmission of hepatitis G virus is
Both (a) and (b)
2244 - Transmission of Molluscum contagiosum virus is through
2244 - Transmission of Molluscum contagiosum virus is through
both (a) and (b)
2245 - Transmission of pneumonic plague from man to man is through
2245 - Transmission of pneumonic plague from man to man is through
droplet infection
2246 - Transposon refer to
2246 - Transposon refer to
All of these
2247 - Transverse binary fission requires the formation of a crosswall.
2247 - Transverse binary fission requires the formation of a crosswall.
TRUE
2248 - Traveller's diarrhea is caused by
2248 - Traveller's diarrhea is caused by
entero toxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
2249 - Treatment of municipal water supplies is based upon
2249 - Treatment of municipal water supplies is based upon
coagulation, filtration, chlorination
2250 - Treatment with bacterial endotoxins results blast formation in
2250 - Treatment with bacterial endotoxins results blast formation in
B cells
2251 - Treponema pallidium is cause of_______
2251 - Treponema pallidium is cause of_______
Syphillis
2252 - Treponema sp. can be selected by taking advantage of ____________
2252 - Treponema sp. can be selected by taking advantage of ____________
small cell diameter and bacterial motility
2253 - Treponema species from human oral cavity can be selected by using
2253 - Treponema species from human oral cavity can be selected by using
cell size and motility
2254 - Trickling filter comes under
2254 - Trickling filter comes under
secondary treatment
2255 - Trickling filter is used in which of the following wastewater treatment processes?
2255 - Trickling filter is used in which of the following wastewater treatment processes?
Secondary treatment
2256 - tRNA has a _______________ structure.
2256 - tRNA has a _______________ structure.
clover-leaf
2257 - True about HIV are all except______________?
2257 - True about HIV are all except______________?
DNA virus
2258 - True about immune response of hepatitis B is__________________?
2258 - True about immune response of hepatitis B is__________________?
Antibody of HBs Ag is associated with resistance to infection
2259 - True about prions________________?
2259 - True about prions________________?
Composed largely proteins without any nucleic acid
2260 - True about Toxaplasma gondi is, it is carried by_______________?
2260 - True about Toxaplasma gondi is, it is carried by_______________?
cats
2261 - True about VDRL test________________?
2261 - True about VDRL test________________?
All of the above
2262 - Trypanosoma belongs to which of the following order?
2262 - Trypanosoma belongs to which of the following order?
Kinetoplastida
2263 - Tuberculin test screens for_____________?
2263 - Tuberculin test screens for_____________?
Cell mediated immunity
2264 - Tuberculosis brucellosis is caused by the pathogen from an infected cow.
2264 - Tuberculosis brucellosis is caused by the pathogen from an infected cow.
TRUE
2265 - Tuberculosis is which type of infection?
2265 - Tuberculosis is which type of infection?
chronic
2266 - Two lateral flagella are present in which of the following groups of algae?
2266 - Two lateral flagella are present in which of the following groups of algae?
Phaeophycophyta
2267 - Two organisms which are very closely related to each other have which of the following property?
2267 - Two organisms which are very closely related to each other have which of the following property?
similar mol% G+C values and heteroduplexes are formed
2268 - Tyndallisation is carried out for________________?
2268 - Tyndallisation is carried out for________________?
Three successive days
2269 - Tyndallization is a technique to kill______
2269 - Tyndallization is a technique to kill______
Endospore
2270 - Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which of the following immunoglobulins ?
2270 - Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which of the following immunoglobulins ?
IgE
2271 - Type III secretion systems are used to inject ""effector"" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to
2271 - Type III secretion systems are used to inject ""effector"" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to
survive within macrophages
2272 - Type IV hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by which of the following________________?
2272 - Type IV hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by which of the following________________?
Active T cells
2273 - Type of Human papilloma virus associated with carcinoma cervix_____________?
2273 - Type of Human papilloma virus associated with carcinoma cervix_____________?
16,18,31
2274 - Type of receptor present on T-cells are__________________?
2274 - Type of receptor present on T-cells are__________________?
CD4
2275 - Type strain is used for referring to?
2275 - Type strain is used for referring to?
species
2276 - Types of exotoxin, most commonly associated with botulism in man, is/are?
2276 - Types of exotoxin, most commonly associated with botulism in man, is/are?
All of these
2277 - Typical drumstick appearance of bacilli is generally seen in
2277 - Typical drumstick appearance of bacilli is generally seen in
C tetani
2278 - Tyrocidines are more effective against ___________________
2278 - Tyrocidines are more effective against ___________________
Gram-positive organisms
2279 - Under a compound microscope, structures smaller than ______micrometre cannot be seen.
2279 - Under a compound microscope, structures smaller than ______micrometre cannot be seen.
Less than 0.2 micrometer
2280 - Under light microscope, What range of cells can be visulized?
2280 - Under light microscope, What range of cells can be visulized?
10mm to 200nm
2281 - Under what conditions do endospore formed?
2281 - Under what conditions do endospore formed?
All of these
2282 - Under what conditions food poisoning bacteria may grow and produce toxins in vegetables?
2282 - Under what conditions food poisoning bacteria may grow and produce toxins in vegetables?
When thawed vegetables are held at room temperature for any considerable period
2283 - Undigested particles are eliminated from the cell through the ___________________
2283 - Undigested particles are eliminated from the cell through the ___________________
cytoproct
2284 - Unlike purple and Green phototrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria are _____
2284 - Unlike purple and Green phototrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria are _____
Produce oxygen during photosynthesis
2285 - Unopened, sliced bacon, packaged in material somewhat highly resistant to oxygen permeability, is spoiled mostly by
2285 - Unopened, sliced bacon, packaged in material somewhat highly resistant to oxygen permeability, is spoiled mostly by
Lactobacilli
2286 - Use of electric current to insert DNA in the cell done by which of the following technique
2286 - Use of electric current to insert DNA in the cell done by which of the following technique
Electroporation
2287 - Usually viruses are separated into several large groups based primarily on
2287 - Usually viruses are separated into several large groups based primarily on
nature of the host
2288 - V. cholerae does not penetrate into the body.
2288 - V. cholerae does not penetrate into the body.
TRUE
2289 - Vaccination was invented by ____________
2289 - Vaccination was invented by ____________
Jenner
2290 - Vacuum packaged meats are spoiled by
2290 - Vacuum packaged meats are spoiled by
Both (a) and (b)
2291 - Vancomycin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by binding
2291 - Vancomycin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by binding
D-alanyl - D-alanine
2292 - Various bacterial species can be subdivided into
2292 - Various bacterial species can be subdivided into
all of these
2293 - Vaucheria is a single-celled organism.
2293 - Vaucheria is a single-celled organism.
FALSE
2294 - VDRL is a________________?
2294 - VDRL is a________________?
Slide flocculation test
2295 - VDRL test is an example of
2295 - VDRL test is an example of
Slide test
2296 - Vegetative cells are much more sensitive to heat than are spores.
2296 - Vegetative cells are much more sensitive to heat than are spores.
TRUE
2297 - Veillonellaceae is the family of bacteria consisting of motile cocci.
2297 - Veillonellaceae is the family of bacteria consisting of motile cocci.
FALSE
2298 - Verotoxin 1 of Escherichia coli is similar to
2298 - Verotoxin 1 of Escherichia coli is similar to
shiga toxin
2299 - Vertical transmission may be seen in
2299 - Vertical transmission may be seen in
All of these
2300 - Viable plate count can be obtained using
2300 - Viable plate count can be obtained using
both (a) and (b)
2301 - Vibrio cholera was discovered by_________________?
2301 - Vibrio cholera was discovered by_________________?
Koch
2302 - Vibrio cholerae adheres to the epithelial cells of the small intestine by means of ______________
2302 - Vibrio cholerae adheres to the epithelial cells of the small intestine by means of ______________
hemagglutinin
2303 - Vibrio cholerae can grow in a medium with a pH of _______
2303 - Vibrio cholerae can grow in a medium with a pH of _______
8.5
2304 - Vinegar is a fermentation derived food product containing not less than
2304 - Vinegar is a fermentation derived food product containing not less than
4% acetic acid
2305 - Viral infections frequently observed in HIV disease is /are
2305 - Viral infections frequently observed in HIV disease is /are
all of these
2306 - Viral matrix proteins are
2306 - Viral matrix proteins are
anchor the envelope of enveloped viruses
2307 - Viral RNA is replicated in the host cell
2307 - Viral RNA is replicated in the host cell
cytoplasmic matrix
2308 - Viroids are composed of
2308 - Viroids are composed of
single-stranded RNA
2309 - Viron is defined as______________?
2309 - Viron is defined as______________?
Extracellular infectious virus particle
2310 - Viropexis takes place in the phagocytic vacuoles and is due to the action of enzymes
2310 - Viropexis takes place in the phagocytic vacuoles and is due to the action of enzymes
lysosomal protease
2311 - Virulence of Gonococcus is due to___________________?
2311 - Virulence of Gonococcus is due to___________________?
Pili
2312 - Virulent and nonvirulent viruses may not
2312 - Virulent and nonvirulent viruses may not
degrade host cell DNA
2313 - Virus are sharply differentiated from bacteria by_______________?
2313 - Virus are sharply differentiated from bacteria by_______________?
All of the above
2314 - Virus infected cell is killed by________________?
2314 - Virus infected cell is killed by________________?
Interferons
2315 - Virus is cultured in_______________?
2315 - Virus is cultured in_______________?
Embryonated egg
2316 - Viruses are classified in which of the following domain?
2316 - Viruses are classified in which of the following domain?
None of these
2317 - Viruses can be cultured in all except_______________?
2317 - Viruses can be cultured in all except_______________?
Blood agar
2318 - Viruses can be isolated from clinical samples by cultivation in the following except_______________?
2318 - Viruses can be isolated from clinical samples by cultivation in the following except_______________?
Chemically defined media
2319 - Viruses largely lack metabolic machinery of their own to generate energy or to synthesize
2319 - Viruses largely lack metabolic machinery of their own to generate energy or to synthesize
protein
2320 - Viruses require __________ for growth.
2320 - Viruses require __________ for growth.
living cells
2321 - Volutin granules stain which colour with dilute methylene blue?
2321 - Volutin granules stain which colour with dilute methylene blue?
Reddish purple
2322 - Volutin is a diagnostic feature of which of the following bacteria?
2322 - Volutin is a diagnostic feature of which of the following bacteria?
Corynebacterium diphtheria
2323 - VP3 protein is isolated from which of the following viruses?
2323 - VP3 protein is isolated from which of the following viruses?
FMDV
2324 - Wasserman test test is diagnostic of__________________?
2324 - Wasserman test test is diagnostic of__________________?
Syphilis
2325 - Water activity can act as
2325 - Water activity can act as
all of the above
2326 - Water molds belong to which division?
2326 - Water molds belong to which division?
Oomycota
2327 - Water molds form flagellated spores are called
2327 - Water molds form flagellated spores are called
zoospores
2328 - Water testing relies on the detection of certain indicator organisms known as
2328 - Water testing relies on the detection of certain indicator organisms known as
coliforms
2329 - Watery soft rot is found mostly in
2329 - Watery soft rot is found mostly in
vegetables
2330 - Watson an Crick perposed 3D model of DNA in which year?
2330 - Watson an Crick perposed 3D model of DNA in which year?
1957
2331 - Wavelengths around ___________ have the highest bactericidal efficiency.
2331 - Wavelengths around ___________ have the highest bactericidal efficiency.
2650 Ã…
2332 - We observe increased growth in nutrient agar plates as concentration of chemical agent is decreased.
2332 - We observe increased growth in nutrient agar plates as concentration of chemical agent is decreased.
TRUE
2333 - We require cell-free DNA for transformation to take place.
2333 - We require cell-free DNA for transformation to take place.
TRUE
2334 - We require less time to kill the population of many cells.
2334 - We require less time to kill the population of many cells.
FALSE
2335 - Weil-Felix reaction is based on sharing of antigens between
2335 - Weil-Felix reaction is based on sharing of antigens between
rickettsial antigens and antigens of certain strains of Proteus
2336 - Wells less than ___________ deep are considered to be shallow.
2336 - Wells less than ___________ deep are considered to be shallow.
100 ft
2337 - West Nile virus can cause a disease in human beings that may be transmitted from an infected bird to a person by a mosquito. This is an example of
2337 - West Nile virus can cause a disease in human beings that may be transmitted from an infected bird to a person by a mosquito. This is an example of
arthropod borne disease
2338 - Westren Blotting TEST is used for which pathogen?
2338 - Westren Blotting TEST is used for which pathogen?
Both of these
2339 - What amount of dry organic matter is produced by deep ocean areas?
2339 - What amount of dry organic matter is produced by deep ocean areas?
0.5g
2340 - What are bacteriocins?
2340 - What are bacteriocins?
proteins
2341 - What are Blue-Green bacteria called?
2341 - What are Blue-Green bacteria called?
Cyanobacteria
2342 - What are characteristics of thermalcycler?
2342 - What are characteristics of thermalcycler?
All of these
2343 - What are Magnatosomes?
2343 - What are Magnatosomes?
Inclusion of Iron
2344 - What are mesosomes in bacteria?
2344 - What are mesosomes in bacteria?
Membranous folds
2345 - What are ribosomes composed of?
2345 - What are ribosomes composed of?
Proteins and RNA
2346 - What are the blood serum proteins produced by animals called?
2346 - What are the blood serum proteins produced by animals called?
Antibodies
2347 - What are the cell wall structural components of fungi?
2347 - What are the cell wall structural components of fungi?
chitin,cellulose, or hemicellulose
2348 - What are the characteristics of rough pneumococci strain?
2348 - What are the characteristics of rough pneumococci strain?
noncapsulated and nonpathogenic
2349 - What are the dimensions of the filaments that the thallus of a fungus consists of?
2349 - What are the dimensions of the filaments that the thallus of a fungus consists of?
5 to 10 micrometre
2350 - What are the end product of lipid metabolism?
2350 - What are the end product of lipid metabolism?
Both B and C
2351 - What are the end product of protein metabolism?
2351 - What are the end product of protein metabolism?
Amino acids
2352 - What are the extrinsic factors for the microbial growth?
2352 - What are the extrinsic factors for the microbial growth?
all of these
2353 - What are the intrinsic factors for the microbial growth?
2353 - What are the intrinsic factors for the microbial growth?
All of these
2354 - What are the products of kreb Cycle?
2354 - What are the products of kreb Cycle?
All of these
2355 - What are the Svedberg values for the subunits of the 70S ribosomes of E. colli?
2355 - What are the Svedberg values for the subunits of the 70S ribosomes of E. colli?
50S and 30S
2356 - What can be coated to the plastic dish if an ELISA is performed to directly detect polio virus?
2356 - What can be coated to the plastic dish if an ELISA is performed to directly detect polio virus?
Anti-polio antibody
2357 - What dies meant by "plasma"?
2357 - What dies meant by "plasma"?
Formed
2358 - What dies meant by bacteriophage?
2358 - What dies meant by bacteriophage?
Bacteria that able to engulf virus
2359 - What differentiated one amino acid from other?
2359 - What differentiated one amino acid from other?
Presence of R group
2360 - What disease does Vibrio cholerae cause?
2360 - What disease does Vibrio cholerae cause?
Cholera
2361 - What disese is suspected, when 'Acid Fast Bacilli' is positive?
2361 - What disese is suspected, when 'Acid Fast Bacilli' is positive?
T.B
2362 - What do the term dimorphic mean?
2362 - What do the term dimorphic mean?
Exists in two forms
2363 - What do you mean by hypertrophy?
2363 - What do you mean by hypertrophy?
increase in cell volume
2364 - What does a viral DNA becomes after being associated with the bacterial chromosome?
2364 - What does a viral DNA becomes after being associated with the bacterial chromosome?
prophage
2365 - What does anoxyganic means?
2365 - What does anoxyganic means?
Photosynthesis process without production of gas
2366 - What does mean by word "mykes"?
2366 - What does mean by word "mykes"?
Fungus
2367 - What does meant by codon?
2367 - What does meant by codon?
Group of three nucleotide
2368 - What does meant by desication?
2368 - What does meant by desication?
To remove water
2369 - What does meant by exon on DNA?
2369 - What does meant by exon on DNA?
These are genes that actually expressed
2370 - What does meant by protoplasts?
2370 - What does meant by protoplasts?
Cell without cell wall
2371 - What does meant by suffix -cide?
2371 - What does meant by suffix -cide?
To kill
2372 - What does meant by suffix stat?
2372 - What does meant by suffix stat?
To inhibit
2373 - What does meant by word - myco?
2373 - What does meant by word - myco?
Fungi
2374 - What does meant by word "coryne "?
2374 - What does meant by word "coryne "?
Club shaped
2375 - What does meant by word -cyan?
2375 - What does meant by word -cyan?
Pigmentation
2376 - What does meant by word phage?
2376 - What does meant by word phage?
Virus
2377 - What does the decolorizer do in gram stain?
2377 - What does the decolorizer do in gram stain?
Both B and C
2378 - What does the positive strand in double stranded RNA viruses stands for?
2378 - What does the positive strand in double stranded RNA viruses stands for?
mRNA
2379 - What does Ti stand for______
2379 - What does Ti stand for______
Tumor inducing
2380 - What exactly is an artefact?
2380 - What exactly is an artefact?
Cell debris
2381 - What function perform by bacteriocin?
2381 - What function perform by bacteriocin?
It kill bacteria
2382 - What happens if you don't use immersion oil when using a 100X objective lens?
2382 - What happens if you don't use immersion oil when using a 100X objective lens?
Image appears blurr
2383 - What helps in the heat resistance of the endospore?
2383 - What helps in the heat resistance of the endospore?
calcium-DPA complex
2384 - What human disease caused by Algae?
2384 - What human disease caused by Algae?
Systemic chloreollosis
2385 - What information can be generated by interrupted mating experiments?
2385 - What information can be generated by interrupted mating experiments?
Bacterial genome maps
2386 - What is an anaerobic digester?
2386 - What is an anaerobic digester?
Method to convert agricultural waste into a biogas
2387 - What is an environmental advantage of a pigment?How does arrangement of streptococcus differ from staphlococcus?
2387 - What is an environmental advantage of a pigment?How does arrangement of streptococcus differ from staphlococcus?
Streptococcus cells are arranged in chain form while Staphlococcus cells are arrange in cluster.
2388 - What is biofilm?
2388 - What is biofilm?
Group of different type of microorganisms
2389 - What is commercial use of citric acid?
2389 - What is commercial use of citric acid?
Flavouring
2390 - What is common in catheters and ventilators?
2390 - What is common in catheters and ventilators?
They bypass important defenses of the body
2391 - What is function of genetically modified chymogen?
2391 - What is function of genetically modified chymogen?
To improve curd quality
2392 - What is meant by algal bloom?
2392 - What is meant by algal bloom?
Periodic increase in population of alga
2393 - What is meant by anamorphs?
2393 - What is meant by anamorphs?
Fungi lost ability to produce sexullay
2394 - What is meant by carbohydrate metabolism?
2394 - What is meant by carbohydrate metabolism?
Breakdown of carbohydrate molecule to produce energy
2395 - What is meant by competitive inhibition?
2395 - What is meant by competitive inhibition?
Instead of normal substrate competitive inhibitor can fill the active site of an enzyme
2396 - What is meant by degeneracy of codon?
2396 - What is meant by degeneracy of codon?
More than one codin responsible for one amino acid
2397 - What is meant by dimorphic fungi?
2397 - What is meant by dimorphic fungi?
fungi exist as single cell and mold as well
2398 - What is meant by Karyogammy?
2398 - What is meant by Karyogammy?
Fusion of cell nuclei
2399 - What is meant by meiosis?
2399 - What is meant by meiosis?
It is a type of cell divion with production of four haploid cells
2400 - What is meant by mesosomes?
2400 - What is meant by mesosomes?
These are irregular folds in plasma membrane
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